Dialect Test

The Dialect Test was created by A.J. Ellis in February 1879, and was used in the fieldwork for his work On Early English Pronunciation.^[1] It stands as one of the earliest methods of identifying vowel sounds and features of speech. The aim was to capture the main vowel sounds of an individual dialect by listening to the reading of a short passage. All the categories of West Saxon words and vowels were included in the test so that comparisons could be made with the historic West Saxon speech as well as with various other dialects.

“

So I say, mates, you see now that I am right about that little girl coming from the school yonder.
She is going down the road there through the red gate on the left hand side of the way.
Sure enough, the child has gone straight up to the door of the wrong house,
where she will chance to find that drunken deaf shrivelled fellow of the name of Thomas.
We all know him very well.
Won't the old chap soon teach her not to do it again, poor thing!
Look! Isn't it true?

”

The test consists of seventy-six words, although some of the words are repeated. The pronunciation of each word or the substitution of another word [for example, many dialects would use "See!" rather than "Look!"] is noted during the test.^[2] In On Early English Pronunciation, A.J. Ellis distinguished forty-two different dialects in England and the Scottish Lowlands.

In A Grammar of the Dialect of Windhill, Joseph Wright said of Ellis' work, "If his rendering of the dialect test of other dialect speeches is as inaccurate as that of the Windhill dialect, the value of these tests for phonetic and philological purposes is not very great."^[3] Wright's comments caused many scholars to dismiss Ellis's research, but some scholars have noted that Wright lifted much of Ellis's research for his own work, English Dialect Grammar.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Footnotes

↑ page 8 of On Early English Pronunciation, Part V. The existing phonology of English dialects compared with that of West Saxon speech, A.J. Ellis, Truebner & Co, London, 1889 http://www.openlibrary.org/details/onearlyenglishpr00elliuoft
↑ A full guide to the subtleties of how each word might be pronounced is listed on pages 8-15 of On Early English Pronunciation, Part V. The existing phonology of English dialects compared with that of West Saxon speech, A.J. Ellis, Truebner & Co, London, 1889 http://www.openlibrary.org/details/onearlyenglishpr00elliuoft
↑ Joseph Wright, A Grammar of the Dialect of Windhill, Truebner & Co, London, 1892, page 174
↑ Maguire, Warren (August 2003). ""Mr. A. J. Ellis – the pioneer of scientific phonetics in England" (Sweet 1877, vii): an examination of Ellis's data from the northeast of England" (PDF). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 4 March 2017. I examined first the relatively accessible Wright (1905), but soon realised that most (perhaps all) of Wright's data for the north-east is derived from Ellis (1889).
↑ Shorrocks, Graham (1991), A. J. ELLIS AS DIALECTOLOGIST: A REASSESSMENT, Historiographia Linguistica 18:2-3, page 324.
↑ Anderson, Peter M. 1977. "A New Light on Early English Pronunciation". Transactions of the Yorkshire Dialect Society part 77, vol. 14.32-41.

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