Deux-Montagnes line

Deux-Montagnes Line
Line portion between Canora and Mont-Royal
Overview
Type	Commuter rail
System	Réseau de transport métropolitain
Locale	Greater Montreal
Termini	Central Station Deux-Montagnes
Stations	12
Daily ridership	30,700 (2016) [1]
Ridership	7,581,600 (2016)
Line number	DM
Website	RTM - Deux-Montagnes line
Operation
Opened	1918
Operator(s)	Bombardier
Technical
Line length	29.9 km (18.6 mi)[2]
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification	25 kV AC 60 Hz Catenary
Route map

Deux-Montagnes line
Deux-Montagnes Grand-Moulin originally Deux-Montagnes Rivière des Mille-Îles Zone 5 Zone 3 Laval-sur-le-Lac Laval-Links Des Prairies siding Sainte-Dorothée Rivière des Prairies Île-Bigras Rivière des Prairies Zone 3 Zone 2 Ste-Genevieve Roxboro-Pierrefonds originally Roxboro Sunnybrooke A-ma-Baie Cartierville Bois-Franc originally Lazard, then Val-Royal Monkland Du Ruisseau Zone 2 Zone 1 Montpellier originally Vertu Mascouche line A-40 Mont-Royal Canora originally Portal Heights Saint-Jérôme line Mount Royal Tunnel Central Station Bonaventure Mont-Saint-Hilaire line

The Deux-Montagnes line is a commuter railway line in Greater Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is owned by the Réseau de transport métropolitain (RTM), the umbrella organization that integrates and coordinates public transport services across this region.

The line was created in 1918 as a Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR) service. Canadian National Railway (CN) ran the line starting in 1923 following the merger of CNoR into CN. CN transferred the Deux-Montagnes Line to the Société de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal (STCUM) on July 1, 1982. The line was refurbished from 1992 to 1995. It was transferred to the RTM's predecessor agency, the Agence Métropolitaine de transport (AMT) on January 1, 1996. The RTM assumed current operation of the line upon its establishment on June 1, 2017.

There are 25 inbound and 24 outbound departures each weekday.^[2]

Overview

This line links Central Station in downtown Montreal with Deux-Montagnes to the northwest of the Island of Montreal.

The line offers frequent service during rush hours (10–30 minute intervals) and hourly service outside rush hours on weekdays. There is less frequent service on Saturdays and Sundays.^[3]

The trains are owned and managed by the RTM and are operated by Bombardier Transportation.^[4]

Deux-Montagnes, Roxboro-Pierrefonds, and Central Station are wheelchair-accessible.^[5]

Today, more than 31,000 people ride this train daily, having almost as many passengers as Montreal’s four other commuter railway lines combined.

On April 22, 2016, it was announced that the Deux-Montagnes line would be converted from commuter rail to automated electric rapid transit in 2020, as part of the Réseau électrique métropolitain network.^[6]

History

CN service

Electric Boxcab locomotive used on the Deux-Montagnes from 1918 to 1995.

The Deux-Montagnes line was built by the Canadian Northern Railway. While other railways including Canadian Pacific and Grand Trunk Railway already had prime downtown locations for their terminal stations, Canadian Northern did not, having only a station out of the way on Moreau Street in Hochelaga.

In 1910, it was decided that the best way for Canadian Northern to get downtown was to drill their way downtown — through Mont Royal. The construction started at both ends and met halfway through with only an inch difference. In 1918 the electrified (2400 V DC catenary), double-track 3.2 mi (5.15 km) tunnel was dubbed Montreal’s first subway. Because the tunnel is on a steep grade and inadequately ventilated^[7][8] it was decided from the very beginning that the locomotives would be electric. The ventilation shaft is located SW of the intersection of Édouard-Montpetit Boulevard and Vincent-d'Indy Avenue very close to the Édouard-Montpetit Metro Station.^[9][10]

The structure gauge of the Mount Royal Tunnel limits the height of bilevel cars to 14 ft 6 in or 4.42 m.^[11]

In order to finance the project, Canadian Northern built a ‘model city’ north of the tunnel, modeled after Washington, D.C. The Town of Mount-Royal has grown to be an upper-income neighborhood today. Construction began in 1912 and finished in 1918. The first train was pulled by electric locomotive #601 (retired as #6711), which left Tunnel Terminal at 8:30 a.m. on October 21, 1918. The Canadian Northern Railway went bankrupt and was absorbed into what is now Canadian National. Tunnel Terminal was replaced by Central Station in 1943. CN added electric multiple units from Canadian Car and Foundry in 1952.^[12]

Map of 1927 of the Île de Montréal with the position of the tunnel under Mount Royal shown by dashes on the yellow line. The red line shows a proposed, but never completed, access to Central Station. This is the Doney spur^[13]

In the 1960s, the first plans were announced to renovate the line, whose equipment was 40 years old at the time. First, it was to become metro line 3, but plans were shelved because of the importance to build line 4 for service to Expo 67. With the equipment ageing, and ridership declining, CN wanted to close the line in the 1970s, but their proposals were rejected. The Quebec Ministry of Transport considered using the line for a high-speed connection to Mirabel Airport (Transport rapide régional aéroportuaire Montréal Mirabel, 1974) or as the first line of a BART-style regional metro system (Réseau express de Montréal, 1977; Métro régional, 1979). None of these projects progressed beyond the planning stage.

STCUM and AMT service

In 1982, management of commuter trains was transferred to the publicly owned Montreal Urban Community Transit Commission (STCUM). The STCUM set fares and schedules, while the Canadian National retained ownership of the equipment (passenger cars and locomotives). CN continued to provide the tracks, stations, storage, maintenance, and train crews needed to keep the line running. For Montreal commuters, the transfer of ownership was positive because the trains were integrated into the bus and metro system.

In 1992, the government of Quebec announced a modernisation plan for the line which would include electrifying the entire line at 25 kV AC (and converting the existing catenary in the Mont-Royal Tunnel to this voltage), 58 state-of-the-art MR-90 electric multiple unit trains built by Bombardier Transportation, new tracks, and centralised traffic control. Service was shut down completely in the summers of 1993, 1994 and 1995 to allow for major work to be done. The last of the old rolling stock left Central Station at 6:30 p.m. on June 2, 1995 – 76 years, 8 months, 11 days, and ten hours after it first went into service. The same locomotive, #6711 (with #6710 (pictured)), hauled the last train through the tunnel.

The line was transferred to the former Agence métropolitaine de transport (AMT) on January 1, 1996.

RTM service

On June 1, 2017, the AMT was dissolved and replaced by two new governing bodies, the Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain (ARTM) and the Réseau de transport métropolitain (RTM). The RTM took over all former AMT services, including this line.

Future projects

To ease overcrowding and attract new users on the Deux-Montagnes Line, the ARTM plans to carry out several projects:

• Extend the double track from its current endpoint at the Bois-Franc station to the Roxboro-Pierrefonds station in Pierrefonds-Roxboro. Work includes doubling the track over 7.5 km parallel to the existing track, rebuilding a small bridge, building a new overpass over the bike path through Bois-de-Liesse park, reconfiguring three level crossings, and adding a second platform at Sunnybrooke station. Construction should begin in 2013 and be complete by 2015. Preliminary costs are estimated at $51 million.^[14][15]
  • Currently, there is a second track from Bois-Franc to slightly past Saraguay (about halfway between Bois-Franc and Sunnybrooke at the A13), but it is not electrified and is used by CN freight trains serving industries along Doney spur.^[13]
• Open a new train station at Autoroute 13 near boulevard Gouin (between Bois-Franc and Sunnybrooke stations). The project is subject to an increase on the line's capacity, pushing its commissioning date to 2015 or later.

Under the Réseau électrique métropolitain proposal, the Deux-Montagnes line would be converted to rapid transit operation and be extended past Downtown and over the St-Lawrence to Brossard; two southwest branches would also be added, to Trudeau Airport and to Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue.^[6]

Current status

• CN built a railway overpass to route its Saint-Laurent subdivision over the commuter train line just south of Montpellier station. The overpass was a prerequisite for increasing commuter train frequencies on the Deux-Montagnes line as well as the commissioning of the Mascouche line. The $60 million project was begun in 2010 and was completed by the end of 2013, when the new line also was commissioned.^[16]
• On February 28, 2014, the AMT announced that it had purchased the Deux-Montagnes line from CN for a sum of $92 million. The agreement gave CN trackage rights for freight trains outside two rush-hour exclusive time windows (08:30—15:30 and 20:30–05:30).^[17] This gave the AMT complete flexibility for scheduling trains and allows it to save rent money in the long term.

List of stations

The following stations are on the Deux-Montagnes line:

As of January 9, 2012 many bus line number have changed.^[24]

The Deux-Montagnes line uses the former CN Deux-Montagnes Subdivision between mile 0.8 (Central Station) and 19.4 (Deux-Montagnes). The RTM now owns it.^[17]

See also

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Deux-Montagnes line.

• Official RTM website
• Marc Dufour's website about the Deux Montagnes Line (in French)