Demographics of the Philippines

Demography of the Philippines records the human population, including its population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects. The Philippines annualised population growth rate between the years 2010-2015 was 1.72%.^[4] According to the 2015 census, the population of the Philippines is 100,981,437.^[5] The first census in the Philippines was held in the year 1591 which counted 667,612 persons, based on the number of tributes comprising an encomienda.^[6]

The majority of Filipinos are made up of various ethnolinguistic Austronesian groups, while the Aetas, as well as other highland groups form a minority. The indigenous population is related to the indigenous populations of the Malay Archipelago. Ethnic groups that have been in the Philippines for centuries before European and American colonial rule have assimilated, such as Japanese, Han Chinese and Indians form part of the population.^{[7][8][9][10]} Due to Spanish colonization, many Filipinos have Spanish and Latin American ancestry.^[11]

The most commonly spoken indigenous languages are Cebuano and Tagalog, each with more than 20 million native speakers. Another 11 indigenous languages have at least one million native speakers: Ilokano, Hiligaynon, Waray, northern, central and southern Bikol languages, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Maranao, Maguindanao, Kinaray-a, Zamboangueño and Tausug. One or more of these are spoken as a mother tongue by more than 93% of the population. Filipino and English are the official languages but there are between 120 and 170 distinct indigenous Philippine languages (depending on expert classifications).

Population history

Philippines population density Map per province as of 2009 per square kilometer:

  0-50

  51-100

  101-200

  201-300

  301-400

  401-800

  801-1600

The first census in the Philippines was founded in 1591, based on tributes collected. Based on this tribute counting, there were about 666,712 people in the islands. Thus, during this era, the Philippines was among the most sparsely populated lands in Asia. In contrast, Japan during that era (the 1500s) already had a population of 8 Million or Mexico had a population of 4 million, which was huge compared to the Philippine's mere 600,000. In 1600, the method of population counting was revamped by the Spanish officials, who then based the counting of the population through church records. In 1798, the population of Luzon or Luconia was estimated to be around 600,000 with the other islands, unknown. In 1799, Friar Manuel Buzeta estimated the population count of all Philippine islands as 1,502,574. However, the first official census was conducted only in 1878, when the population as of midnight on December 31, 1877 was counted. This was followed by two more censuses, namely, the 1887 census, and the 1898 census. The 1887 census yielded a count of 6,984,727,^[12] while that of 1898 yielded 7,832,719 inhabitants.^[13]

1903 census

In 1903 the population of the Philippines was recounted by American authorities to fulfill Act 467. The survey yielded 7,635,426 people, including 56,138 who were foreign-born.^[14]

1920 census

According to the 1920 United States Census, there were 10,314,310 people in the Philippines.^[15] 99 percent were Filipino; 51,751 were either Chinese or Japanese; 34,563 were of mixed race; 12,577 were White; and 7,523 were Black.^[15]

1939

The 1939 census was undertaken in conformity with Section 1 of Commonwealth Act 170.^[16] The Philippine population figure was 16,000,303.^[17]

1941

In 1941 the estimated population of the Philippines reached 17,000,000.^[18] Manila's population was 684,000.

By then, some 27% of the population could speak English as a second language, while the number of Spanish speakers as first language had further fallen to 3% from 10-14% at the beginning of the century. However, Spanish as a second language continued to be spoken and understood at varying levels of expertise, far more than English. In 1936, Tagalog was selected to be the basis for a national language.^[19] In 1987, the Tagalog language was imposed as the national language.^[20]

Philippine census surveys

In 1960, the government of the Philippines conducted a survey on both population, and housing. The population was pegged at 27,087,685. Successive surveys were again conducted on 1970, 1975, 1980, and 1990, which gave the population as 36,684,948, 42,070,660, 48,098,460, and 60,703,206 respectively. On 1995, the POPCEN was launched, undertaken at the month of September, The data provided the bases for the Internal Revenue Allocation to local government units, and for the creation of new legislative areas. The count was made official by then President Fidel Ramos by Proclamation No, 849 on August 14, 1995, The population was 68,616,536.

Population pyramid

Vital statistics

UN estimates

Population density (2010)

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):^[24]

Year by year

Source: Philippines Stat, Philippines Total Fertility Rate 1960-2010 and SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL VITAL STATISTICS IN THE PHILIPPINES: 1903-2010

By region

Total fertility rate (TFR) and other related statistics by region, as of 2013:^[25]

Illegitimate birth rate

The following table, based on the annual official data sourced from Philippine Statistics Authority, shows the growing annual trend of illegitimate births by percentages:

Philippines' constitution promises to separate state from the church but in reality its laws are still not based on modern scientific humanist research. Laws are instead based on colonial Spanish Catholicism, which does not permit divorce, use of contraception as state policy, science based abortions, etc. This has resulted in skyrocketing of illegitimate birth rate in a deeply religious and superstitious nation, where currently more than all new born children are illegitimate. Currently, more than half of the new born children are illegitimate, a rate which is staying stable at 6% to 7% illegitimacy in Muslim-majority ARMM while rising at the rate of nearly 2 percentage point annual in rest of the Catholic/Christian majority areas.^{[26][27][28][29]}

Ethnic groups

Ethnographic Map of the Philippines 1890

The majority of the people in the Philippines are of Austronesian descent. The largest of these groups are the Visayans, Tagalogs, Ilocanos, Bicolanos, Moros, Kapampangans, Pangasinenses and the Zamboangueños. The indigenous peoples of the Philippines form a minority of the population. Other large ethnic groups include Filipinos of Spanish, Indian, Chinese, American, Japanese, Arab and Korean descent. There are more than 175 ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines, each with its own mother tongue or sariling wika (meaning "[one's] own language" in Tagalog), its own culture, identity, literature, tradition, music, dances, foods, beliefs, and history, which are all part of Filipino culture.

Languages

There are between 120 and 170 languages in the Philippines archipelago spoken by the respective Filipino ethno-linguistic nation or ethnic group. Most of them have several varieties (dialects), totaling over 300 across the archipelago. In the 1930s in an act of cultural hegemony, the government imposed the use of the Tagalog language as the national language.^[20][36] Visayan languages (also called Bisaya or Binisaya) are widely spoken throughout the Visayas and in most parts of Mindanao. Ilokano is the lingua franca of Northern Luzon excluding Pangasinan. Zamboangueño Chavacano is the official language of Zamboanga City and lingua franca of Basilan.

Filipino and English are the official languages of the country for purposes of communication and instruction.^[3] Consequently, English is widely spoken and understood, although fluency has decreased as the prevalence of Tagalog in primary and secondary educational institutions has increased.

Religion

The Philippine Statistics Authority in October 2015 reported that 80.58% of the total Filipino population were Roman Catholics, 10.8% were Protestant and 5.57% were Islamic.^[37] Although the 2012 IRF reports that an estimate by the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos (NCMF) in 2011 stated that there were then 10.3 million Muslims, or about 10 percent of the total population however this is yet to be proven officially.^[38] In 2000, according to the "World Values Survey", 1.8% were Protestant Christians and 10.9% were then irreligious.^[39] Other Christian denominations include the Iglesia ni Cristo (one of a number of separate Churches of Christ generally not affiliated with one another), Philippine Independent Church (more commonly called the Aglipayan Church), Members Church of God International, and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Minority religions include Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism. Roman Catholics and Protestants were converted during the four centuries of Western influence by Spain, and the United States. Under Spanish rule, much of the population was converted to Christianity.

Orthodox Christians also live in Philippines. Protestant Christianity arrived in the Philippines during the 20th century, introduced by American missionaries.

Other religions include Judaism, Mahayana Buddhism, often mixed with Taoist beliefs, Hinduism, and Sikhism. Animism and Paganism are also followed.

Education

Education in the Philippines is based on both Western and Eastern ideology and philosophy influenced by the United States, Spain, and its neighbouring Asian countries. Philippine students enter public school at about age four, starting from nursery school up to kindergarten. At about seven years of age, students enter elementary school (6 to 7 years). This is followed by high school (4 years) and senior high school (2 years). Students then take the college entrance examinations (CEE), after which they enter university (3 to 5 years). Other types of schools include private school, preparatory school, international school, laboratory high school, and science high school. School year in the Philippines starts from June, and ends in March with a two-month summer break from April to May, one week of semestral break in October, and a week or two during Christmas and New Year holidays.

Starting in SY 2011–2012 there has been a phased implementation of a new program. The K to 12 Program covers kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of junior high school, and two years of senior high school [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship.^[40]

Publications

• Cristian Capelli; et al. (2001). "A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania" (PDF). American Journal of Human Genetics. 68 (2): 432–443. PMC 1235276 . PMID 11170891. doi:10.1086/318205. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 14, 2010. 
• Frederic H. Sawyer (1900). The Inhabitants of the Philippines. Library of Alexandria. ISBN 978-1-4655-1185-0. 

References

External links

 This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document "2011 edition".

• "Index of Demographic Statistics (principally 2000 Philippine census)". Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original on June 4, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2005. 
• "The Philippines - Demographic Statistics". The Ultrecht faculty of Education. Retrieved April 3, 2007. 
• "University of the Philippines population institute". Archived from the original on April 15, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2013. 
• "Greeks in the Philippines and their contributions to the country". hri.org. July 1998. 

Ethnic groups in the Philippines
Filipinos
Indigenous	Lowland Luzon Bicolano Gaddang Ibanag Ilocano Ivatan Kapampangan Pangasinan Sambal Tagalog Visayan Aklanon Boholano Butuanon Caluyanon Capiznon Cebuano Davaoeño Eskaya Hiligaynon Karay-a Masbateño Porohanon Romblomanon Surigaonon Waray Mindanao Sangirese Subanon Zamboangueño Moro Bajau Banguingui Iranun Maguindanao Maranao Samal Tausug Yakan Highland Igorot Balangao Bontoc Ibaloi Ifugao Isneg Kalinga Kankanaey Tinguian Lumad B'laan Bukidnon Higaonon Mamanwa Mandaya Manobo Tasaday T'boli Mangyan Buhid Hanunó'o Ratagnon Tawbuid Negrito Aeta Ati Batak Mamanwa Palaweño Agutaynen Cuyunon Kagayanen Palawano Batak Tagbanua Suludnon Suludnon/Tumandok
Immigrants or Expatriates	Americas American Brazilian Mexican Asia Chinese Indian Indonesian Japanese Korean Malaysian Nepalese Europe German Greek Polish Russian Spanish Middle East Arab Iranian Jewish

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