Delaware Nation

Delaware Nation

Black Beaver, Delaware, 1806–1880
Total population
1,440[1]
Regions with significant populations
 United States ( Oklahoma)
Languages
English, Unami, Delaware, Munsee
Religion
Christianity, Native American Church, traditional tribal religion
Related ethnic groups
other Lenape and Algonquian peoples

The Delaware Nation, sometimes called the Absentee or Western Delaware, is one of three federally recognized tribes of Delaware Indians in the United States, along with the Delaware Indians based in Bartlesville, Oklahoma[2] and the Stockbridge-Munsee Community of Wisconsin. Communities also reside in Canada.

Government

The Delaware Nation had 1,440 enrolled members in 2011, of which 859 lived in Oklahoma. Members must have a minimum blood quantum of 1/8 to join the tribe.[1]

The Delaware Nation's tribal complex is located two miles (3 km) north of Anadarko, Oklahoma on Highway 281. Their tribal jurisdictional area is located within Caddo County, Oklahoma. They operate their own housing authority and issue tribal vehicle tags.

The tribe's current administration is as follows.

Economic development

The nation's annual economic impact was estimated at $5 million in 2010.[1] Their tribal casino, Gold River Bingo and Casino, is located north of Anadarko.[4] In August 2012, the Delaware Nation opened Casino Oklahoma located in Hinton, OK.

Language

The Delaware peoples traditionally spoke the Delaware language (also known as the Lenape language), Munsee and Unami, two closely related languages of the Eastern Algonquian subgroup of the Algonquian language family.

History

The Lenape people were divided into three dialectal divisions, which later became the basis for the three Clans of the Lenape. These divisions were the Monsi (Munsee) or Wolf, the Unami or Turtle, and the Unilactigo or Turkey. Today the clans are known as the Tùkwsit (Wolf Clan), Pùkuwànko (Turtle Clan), and Pële (Turkey Clan). The Delaware Nation is the Pùkuwànko (Turtle Clan).

The Delaware Nation was the first Indian nation to enter into a treaty with the newly formed government of the United States; the treaty was signed on September 17, 1778.

The Oklahoma branches were established in 1867, with the purchase of land by Delaware from the Cherokee Nation; they made two payments totaling $438,000. A court dispute followed over whether the sale included citizenship rights for the Delaware within the Cherokee Nation. The Curtis Act of 1898 dissolved tribal governments and ordered the allotment of tribal lands to individual members of tribes. The Lenape fought the act in the courts but lost, and in 1867 the courts ruled that they had only purchased rights to the land for their lifetimes. The lands were allotted in 160-acre (650,000 m2) lots in 1907, with any land left over sold to non-Indians.

The tribe became federally recognized on July 5, 1958 as the "Delaware Tribe of Western Oklahoma." They ratified their current constitution in 1972. In November 1999, the tribe officially changed its name to the Delaware Nation.[5]

In 2004 the Delaware of Oklahoma sued Pennsylvania over land lost in 1800. This was related to the colonial government's Walking Purchase of 1737, an agreement of doubtful legal veracity.[6][7] The court held that the justness of the extinguishment of aboriginal title is nonjusticiable, including in the case of fraud. Because the extinguishment occurred prior to the passage of the first Indian Nonintercourse Act in 1790, that Act did not avail the Delaware.

As a result the court granted the Commonwealth's motion to dismiss. In its conclusion the court stated: ... we find that the Delaware Nation's aboriginal rights to Tatamy's Place were extinguished in 1737 and that, later, fee title to the land was granted to Chief Tatamy-not to the tribe as a collectivity.[8]

Notable Western Delaware

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 2011 Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory. Archived May 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission. 2011: 12. Retrieved 3 Jan 2012.
  2. ↑ Delaware Tribe regains federal recognition. NewsOk. 4 Aug 2009 (retrieved 5 August 2009)
  3. ↑ "Executive Committee." The Delaware Nation. Retrieved 3 Jan 2012.
  4. ↑ Gold River Bingo & Casino. 500 Nations. 2009 (retrieved 21 Feb 2009)
  5. ↑ McCollum, Timothy James. Delaware, Western. Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture. (retrieved 21 Feb 2009)
  6. ↑ Duffy, Shannon. "Indian Tribe Sues Over Pennsylvania Land." Law.com. 20 Jan 2004. Retrieved 3 Jan 2012.
  7. ↑ "Walking Purchase", Delaware Tribe of Indians
  8. ↑ http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-3rd-circuit/1177750.html
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