Death of Marvin Gaye

Death of Marvin Gaye

Gaye in 1973
Location West Adams, Los Angeles, California, U.S. America
Coordinates 34°2′16″N 118°18′49″W / 34.03778°N 118.31361°W / 34.03778; -118.31361Coordinates: 34°2′16″N 118°18′49″W / 34.03778°N 118.31361°W / 34.03778; -118.31361
Date April 1, 1984
12:38 pm (approx time) (Pacific Time Zone (UTC-8))
Target Marvin Gaye
Weapons .38 Special
Victim Marvin Gaye
Perpetrator Marvin Gay, Sr.

Marvin Gaye was an American musician who gained worldwide fame for his work with Motown Records. He was fatally shot by his father, Marvin Gay, Sr. on April 1, 1984, at their house in the West Adams district of Los Angeles.[1][2] Gaye was shot twice following an altercation with his father after he intervened in an argument between his parents. The wounds were fatal and he was pronounced dead on arrival at the California Hospital Medical Center. Gaye's death inspired several musical tributes over the years including recollections of the incidents leading to his death. Gaye was given a burial plot at Forest Lawn Cemetery and was later cremated and his ashes spread around the Pacific Ocean. Gaye's death was listed at No. 8 on VH-1/VH-1 Classic's 100 Most Shocking Moments in Music.

Circumstances

Marvin Gaye performing in concert during the 1980s.

By 1983, Marvin Gaye had re-emerged in the public eye after a European tax exile with the hit song, "Sexual Healing" and its album, Midnight Love. For a time, he had also achieved sobriety during his extensive stay in Belgium.[3] Returning to the United States, he embarked on his final Sexual Healing Tour in April of that year.[4] Gaye, who had a profound dislike for touring, returned to cocaine use to cope with the pressures of the road, and midway through the tour he developed paranoia over an alleged attempt on his life, wearing a bulletproof vest until he was on stage. In reality, however, there was little, if any, real danger, although while on the tour, road crew member Eric Sharpe committed suicide by hanging himself from a shower curtain rod in New Jersey.[5]

When the tour ended in August 1983, Gaye moved into his parents' residence at 2101 South Gramercy Place, a home which he bought for US$ 30,500 in 1973 (US$ 164,549 in 2016)[6] for his parents and several other relatives.[2][7] Gaye returned to the United States to nurse his mother, who was recovering from kidney surgery.[3][8] During Gaye's stay, his father was absent.[9] That October, Gaye's father returned from a business trip in Washington, D.C. during which he purchased insurance on his family's previous residence.[10] Initially, Gaye's sisters Jeanne and Zeola lived in the house before Marvin Sr. returned to the property and left shortly afterwards due to the growing conflict between father and son.[11] For the next six months, the two men struggled to keep their distance from one another. During one quarrel at the house, the elder Gay called police to have his son leave the property.[12] After staying with one of his sisters, however, Marvin returned to the property stating to a friend of his, "After all, I have just one father. I want to make peace with him."[12] Jeanne Gaye later told David Ritz that her father had told her if Marvin ever touched him, he'd "kill him".[13][14]

On Christmas Day, 1983, Marvin gave his father a Smith & Wesson .38 special caliber pistol so that he could protect himself from intruders.[15] Friends and family members contended that the younger Marvin was often suicidal and paranoid, and by now was afraid of leaving his room and spoke of little besides suicide and death. He sometimes wore three overcoats and put his shoes on the wrong feet.[16] Four days before his death, according to his sister Jeanne, Gaye had tried to kill himself by jumping out of a speeding sports car, suffering only minor bruises.[17] Jeanne contended that "there was no doubt Marvin wanted to die" and that he "couldn't take anymore."[18]

Killing

Marvin Gay Sr. at his sentencing hearing following the shooting of his son, September 1984.

In the days prior to his death, Marvin's parents had arguments mainly over a misplaced insurance policy letter.[17] The day before his death, the arguments spread to Marvin's bedroom. Angered by his father confronting his mother, Marvin commanded Marvin Sr. to leave Alberta alone; Gay Sr. complied without incident and there was no violence that night, but Gay Sr. continued yelling throughout the house.

At approximately 12:30 p.m. (PST; 20:30 UTC)[19] on April 1, 1984, an impatient Marvin Sr. shouted at his wife about the document.[16] Marvin, dressed in a maroon robe, shouted back downstairs, telling his father if he had something to say, he'd better do it in person.[20] According to Alberta, when Marvin Sr. refused his son's request, Marvin warned him to not come to his room.[21] Marvin Sr., however, instead charged upstairs to the bedroom to verbally attack Alberta over the document, causing Marvin Jr. to jump out of his bed and once again ordered his father out of the room.[20] When ordering did not work, Marvin Jr., enraged and despondent, reportedly shoved him out of the room into the hallway[20] and subjected him to some severe physical violence, notably kicking and punching. Alberta later told David Ritz: "Marvin hit him. I shouted for him to stop, but he paid no attention to me. He gave my husband some hard kicks."[20] Jeanne Gaye later recalled that it was understood in the family that if one of the children ever dared to strike their father that he would "murder him or her", saying her father "made it very clear" and "said so publicly on more than one occasion."[20] Gaye reportedly followed his father to the bedroom and, according to his mother, kicked him brutally.[20][21][22] Eventually, Alberta separated Marvin from his father and returned him to his bedroom.[20][21]

Minutes later, at 12:38 p.m. (PST; 20:38 UTC), Marvin, Sr. entered his bedroom, returning with the .38 pistol his son had bought him, pointed the gun at Marvin and shot him directly in the heart, as Alberta later explained to police:

I was standing about eight feet away from Marvin, when my husband came to the door of the bedroom with his pistol. My husband didn't say anything, he just pointed the gun at Marvin. I screamed but it was very quick. He, my husband, shot – and Marvin screamed. I tried to run. Marvin slid down to the floor after the first shot.[21][22]

The first shot, which proved to be fatal, entered the right side of Marvin's chest, perforating his right lung, heart, diaphragm, liver, stomach and left kidney before coming to rest against his left flank.[21] Marvin's father stepped closer after the first shot and shot him a second time at point-blank range.[20][21]

Afraid of being shot next, Alberta screamed and ran out of the bedroom, all the while pleading in fear to her husband not to shoot her.[20] According to reports, Gaye's father hid the gun underneath his pillow. In the meantime, Gaye's brother Frankie and his sister-in-law, Irene, heard the shots as they lived in a guest house of the mansion. After the first shot, Frankie initially thought it sounded like a car backfired.[23] Afterwards, they heard screams from outside, rushing out, they saw Alberta running to the arms of Irene, shouting, "he's shot Marvin. He's killed my boy."[24]

Frankie ran to the house and carefully walked into the hallway to his brother's room, not knowing if his father still had the gun, whether his father was still in the room, or if his brother was dead. After walking into Marvin's bedroom, an emotional Frankie held him as Marvin lay there, dying and bleeding rapidly. According to Frankie, Marvin, barely speaking above a whisper, told him, "I got what I wanted... I couldn't do it myself, so I had him do it... it's good, I ran my race, there's no more left in me."[25] Irene later went to Marvin Sr., who sat there in his bedroom and asked him where the gun was, after the police arrived. After searching over his bedroom, Irene located it under his pillow. Upon exiting the house, Irene dropped the gun on the lawn. Immediately following this, Marvin Gay, Sr., who had by now taken a seat on the front porch outside the house, was arrested.[26]

The police arrived 20 minutes after the shooting. Marvin Gaye, Jr.'s body was taken out of the house and taken to the California Hospital Medical Center.[26] At approximately 1:01 p.m. (PST; 21:01 UTC), Gaye was pronounced dead on arrival.[26] Gaye died on the day before his 45th birthday.[26] As soon as the news was announced that he was dead, several of Gaye's neighbors and onlookers paraded around the house, many in stunned shock and silence over Gaye's death.

Autopsy and funeral

Death Certificate of Marvin Gaye
People gathering outside Marvin Gaye's house following news the singer was fatally shot, April 1, 1984.

An autopsy was conducted on Gaye's body shortly after his death. Test results showed that Gaye had elements of cocaine and PCP (or angel dust) in his system.[27] After lawyers misread the coroner's report, Judge Ronald George determined later during preliminary hearings in the court case that PCP can often invoke violence. When told that the report had concluded only that Gaye had just cocaine traces in his system, the judge said PCP was not a major factor in his decision.[28]

During an interview with the police, Gaye's father contended that he was scared that something would happen to him and that he only meant to shoot in self-defense, stating he did not know the gun had any bullets in it, claiming he thought there were either "blanks or BBs."[28][22] When asked if he loved his son, Marvin Sr. reportedly stated in a soft voice, "Let's say I didn't dislike him."[28] Upon being told that his son had died from the shots, Marvin Sr. reportedly wept and sobbed after realizing he had killed him.[28] Marvin Sr. was held on bond afterwards.

On April 5, 1984, Gaye was given a star-studded funeral at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, attended by over 10,000 mourners, including his Motown colleagues, his two ex-wives, Anna Gaye and Janis Gaye, his siblings, mother and three children.[21][29] Smokey Robinson and Dick Gregory delivered eulogies, while Stevie Wonder performed "Lighting Up the Candles," which was later placed on Wonder's soundtrack to the film Jungle Fever, and Cecil T. "Sesil J" Jenkins sang "The Lord's Prayer".[30] At the open-casket funeral, Gaye was wearing one of his costumes from his final concert tour, a gold and white military style uniform, with an ermine wrap at his shoulders.[21][29] The funeral was presided by the Chief Apostle of Gaye's family's old church, the House of God.[29] Following the funeral, Gaye was given a burial plot. In accordance with the family's request, Gaye's body was cremated with half of his ashes spread near the Pacific Ocean by his three children and Anna Gaye.[29][31][32] Anna Gaye and their adopted son, Marvin III, then kept a small sample of the ashes for themselves.[31]

Marvin left behind no will.[33] As a result, his son Marvin III, 17 at the time, became co-administrator of his estate.[34] At the time of his death, he was struggling financially, as the IRS had asked for $1 million (US$2,305,253 in 2016 dollars[6]) to pay unpaid back taxes, $600,000 (US$1,383,152 in 2016 dollars[6]) to the State of California and back alimony of $300,000 (US$691,576 in 2016 dollars[6]) to Anna and Janis Gaye.[35] He was $1,900,000 (US$4,379,981 in 2016 dollars[6]) in debt at the time of his death, but royalties from Marvin's work eventually paid off those debts.

Court case

Marvin Gay, Sr. was held at the Los Angeles County Jail on a $100,000 bail (US$230,525 in 2016 dollars[6]).[28] Marvin, Sr.'s accounts of the shooting were printed in the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner, quoting his words: "I didn't mean to do it."[36]

During a check up at the County-USC Medical Center, a benign tumor was discovered at the base of Marvin, Sr.'s brain. Doctors removed the tumor on May 17, 1984. On June 12, 1984, after reviewing a two-page report, including two psychiatric evaluations conducted by Dr. Ronald Markman, Judge Michael Pirosh ruled that Marvin Gay, Sr. was competent to stand trial.[37] He appeared in court again on June 20, 1984, where he was ordered to return on July 16, 1984, for a preliminary hearing. His estranged wife, Alberta, posted the reduced bail of $30,000 via a bondsman to secure the ex-minister's release from jail.[38] Two days earlier, she had filed for divorce, citing she officially separated from him following her son's fatal shooting on the same day.[38][39] Looking over documents, the amount of drugs in Gaye's system, and pictures of Marvin, Sr.'s injuries during his final fight with his son, Judge Ronald M. George agreed to grant Marvin, Sr. a plea bargain. As a result, Marvin Sr. pleaded no contest to a voluntary manslaughter charge on September 20, 1984.[40] On November 2, 1984, Judge Gordon Ringer sentenced Marvin, Sr. to a six-year suspended sentence and five years probation. During the sentencing hearing, Marvin, Sr. tearfully told the court:

If I could bring him back, I would. I was afraid of him. I thought I was going to get hurt. I didn't know what was going to happen. I'm really sorry for everything that happened. I loved him. I wish he could step through this door right now. I'm paying the price now.[41][42]

Aftermath

Reactions

News stations reported on the death almost immediately after it was announced, with one of the most prominent announcements coming from Dan Rather.[28] Eulogies were delivered in American, Asian and European countries.[28] The New York Times ran the story in its front page the day after his death.[28]

Initial reactions to Gaye's death were shock on the part of many of his peers. Otis Williams of the Motown group, The Temptations, recalled receiving the news while touring with the Four Tops in Australia and said "It was a very dark day that I will never forget as the day I lost a friend."[43]

Former Motown staffer Janie Bradford and her husband were driving home after listening to radio all day when the announcer announced Gaye's death.[44] CBS Urban president Larkin Arnold was also reportedly stunned with the news as he had tried to get Gaye in the studio for his follow-up to Midnight Love.[44] Smokey Robinson heard the news of Gaye's death on the radio. Feeling that his "inners wouldn't accept" the news, he called Gaye's ex-wife Anna Gaye to find out whether it was true, and she confirmed it before he could ask her, leaving Robinson in shock.[45][46]

Longtime Gaye admirer and former uncle-in-law Jermaine Jackson, brother of Michael Jackson, recalled sobbing uncontrollably once he heard the news and called Barry White to confirm the story.[47] According to White, Gaye had agreed to do a series of duets with him.[47] Ray Singleton, a former spouse of Berry Gordy's, received the news from Anna on the phone. Upon the arrival of her son and Gaye's adopted son, Marvin III, Raynoma told Gaye III to go upstairs and talk to his mother, who then told him the news.[48]

VH1 listed Gaye's death as the eighth most shocking moment in rock and roll. Recollections of the death from admirers of Gaye included rapper Chuck D and Al Sharpton, who replied that the death came "like a sick, sad joke to all of us."[49] Berry Gordy, who was overcome with emotion and grief over Gaye's death, took out full-page ads following Gaye's funeral declaring that Gaye was "the greatest of his time" and the best recording artist he ever worked with.[50] New wave band Duran Duran dedicated their hit song, "Save a Prayer," to Gaye during a live concert the day following his death.

Immediately after his death, numerous fans of Gaye stood outside the house at Gramercy Place, placed memorabilia and other items on the lawn, and held vigils there, until the next day, Gaye's birthday.[2]

Memorials and tributes

Gaye was placed on the cover of Rolling Stone for the third time in a posthumous cover in its May 10, 1984 issue. The issue discussed Gaye's personal life, his music, and his contributions to Motown and popular music.

In November 1984, Diana Ross released the tribute song, "Missing You." It appeared on Ross' album, Swept Away, and later peaked at #1 on the Hot Black Singles chart and placed at #10 on the Billboard Hot 100. Later, a video of the song featured classic footage of Gaye, including footage of Gaye appearing at Ross' 1982 concert in Brussels. The following January while hosting the American Music Awards, Ross led an In Memoriam tribute to stars who died in 1984 with Gaye leading the tribute. Also in November 1984, Teena Marie released the tribute song, "My Dear Mr. Gaye" from her hit album, Starchild, the highest selling album of her career. The Commodores issued the song "Nightshift," which was dedicated to Gaye and fellow musician Jackie Wilson, who also died in 1984. The song, featured on their album of the same name, peaked at #1 on the rhythm and blues chart, reached the top ten on the Hot 100, and became a hit in other countries. Todd Rundgren's song "Lost Horizon" from his A Cappella album is said to be dedicated to Gaye. Rundgren later performed a medley of Gaye's hits during concerts and sometimes added "Lost Horizon" to the medley. In 1989, soul band Frankie Beverly & Maze produced the tribute song, "Silky Soul," taking its melody from "What's Going On." The song featured Nona Gaye in the video and later peaked at #5 on the R&B chart. At least two tribute albums of Gaye's have been released: 1995's Inner City Blues: The Music of Marvin Gaye and 1999's Marvin Is 60: A Tribute Album.

Starting in 1985, there have been annual Marvin Gaye Day celebrations in the city of Washington, D.C., Gaye's hometown. The day was officiated by then-mayor Marion Barry on the day of Gaye's 46th birthday.[51] Since then, a non-profit organization has helped to organize Marvin Gaye Day celebrations in the city.[52] In 1986, Marvin's mother Alberta founded the Marvin P. Gaye, Jr. Memorial Foundation, which is dedicated to those suffering from drug abuse and alcoholism. It opened a day after she died from complications of bone cancer in May 1987.[53] In 1990, after years of petitions and letters, Gaye was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, with one of its most prominent letters written by longtime fan Eddie Murphy. Six years later, in 1996, Gaye posthumously received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2006, an old park that Gaye frequented as a teenager, the former Watts Branch Park, was renamed Marvin Gaye Park in his honor.[54] Three years later, in 2009, the 5200 block of Foote Street NE in Deanwood, Washington, D.C., was renamed Marvin Gaye Way.[55]

Since Gaye's death, fans of the singer have stood around Gaye's Walk of Fame star to pay tribute and sing songs of Gaye's in his honor during the week of April 1 through April 5 of each year. Several other fans have gathered around Gaye's final house in vigils.

References

  1. ↑ "Marvin Gaye House". Retrieved June 18, 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 Communications, Emmis (January 1998). Dial Them For Murder. Los Angeles Magazine.
  3. 1 2 "Marvin Gaye – American Way Magazine". Retrieved 2009-07-08.
  4. ↑ Ritz 1991, pp. 318–320.
  5. ↑ Ritz 1991, pp. 320–325.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Community Development Project. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
  7. ↑ Ritz 1991, p. 325.
  8. ↑ Ritz 1991, pp. 310–315.
  9. ↑ Ritz 1991, p. 321-322.
  10. ↑ Ritz 1991, p. 326.
  11. ↑ Ritz 1991, pp. 322–325.
  12. 1 2 Eric Levin (April 16, 1984). "Marvin Gaye Was a Prince of Soul, but One Who Knew the Torment of Drugs and Violence". People. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  13. ↑ Ebony 1985, p. 108.
  14. ↑ Jet 1985, p. 18.
  15. ↑ "The Domestic Dispute that ended the life of Marvin Gaye". trutv.com. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
  16. 1 2 Ritz 1991, p. 332.
  17. 1 2 Ritz 1991, pp. 331–332.
  18. ↑ Ritz 1991, pp. 329–332.
  19. ↑ "Marvin Gaye Is Shot And Killed; Pop Singer's Father Faces Charge". New York Times. April 1, 1984. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ritz 1991, p. 333.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "The Death of Marvin Gaye". Retrieved June 18, 2012.
  22. 1 2 3 Baltimore Afro-American 1984.
  23. ↑ Gaye 2003, p. 2.
  24. ↑ Gaye 2003, p. 3.
  25. ↑ Gaye 2003, p. 189-191.
  26. 1 2 3 4 Ritz 1991, p. 334.
  27. ↑ "The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye: Conclusion". TruTv.com. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ritz 1991, p. 337.
  29. 1 2 3 4 Ritz 1991, pp. 335–336.
  30. ↑ Ritz 1991, pp. 239–253.
  31. 1 2 Gray 2010, pp. 173–174.
  32. ↑ Jet 1985, pp. 12–16.
  33. ↑ Ritz 1991, p. ix.
  34. ↑ Jet 1984b, p. 57.
  35. ↑ Ritz 1991, p. 335.
  36. ↑ "AROUND THE NATION; Marvin Gaye's Father Tells of Fatal Shooting". The New York Times. April 8, 1984.
  37. ↑ The Montreal Gazette 1984, p. 60.
  38. 1 2 Ritz 1991, p. 338.
  39. ↑ Kentucky New Era 1984.
  40. ↑ "AROUND THE NATION; No-Contest Plea In Death of Marvin Gaye". The New York Times. September 21, 1984.
  41. ↑ "The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye". Retrieved June 18, 2012.
  42. ↑ Glatt 2011, p. 239.
  43. ↑ Bowman, Rob (April 2006). "Marvin Gaye: The Real Thing". Marvin Gaye: the Real Thing in Performance 1964–1981: 3.
  44. 1 2 Celebrity Crime Stories: Marvin Gaye, TV One, 2012
  45. ↑ American Masters: What's Going On – The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye, PBS, 2008
  46. ↑ "Marvin Gaye Last Day". PBS. YouTube. Retrieved 2014-07-13.
  47. 1 2 Behind the Music, VH1, 1998
  48. ↑ Singleton 1990, p. 328-332.
  49. ↑ VH1's Most Shocking Moments in Rock & Roll, VH1, 1998
  50. ↑ Ritz 1991, pp. 336–337.
  51. ↑ Jet 1985, p. 56.
  52. ↑ "Home Page". Retrieved December 7, 2012.
  53. ↑ Jet 1987, p. 57.
  54. ↑ "Washington Parks and People: Marvin Gaye Park". Retrieved December 7, 2012.
  55. ↑ ""Marvin Gaye Way" Coming to Deanwood – Housing Complex". April 1, 2009. Retrieved December 7, 2012.

Sources

Further reading

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