Death and state funeral of Kim Il-sung

Death and funeral of Kim Il-sung

A painting of Kim smiling

Official portrait of Kim Il-sung
Date 8–17 July 1994
Location Pyongyang, North Korea
Participants Kim Jong-il and North Korean military, government and Korean Workers' Party elites
Part of a series on the
History of North Korea
Soviet Civil Administration 194548
Provisional People's Committee for North Korea 194648
Kim Il-sung's rule 194894
 Korean War 195053
 Korean DMZ Conflict 196669
 Juche 1972
 Death and state funeral of Kim Il-sung 1994
Kim Jong-il's rule 19942011
 North Korean famine 199498
 Songun 1998
 Sunshine Policy 19982010
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Kim Il-sung died unexpectedly on the afternoon of 8 July 1994 at age 82. North Korea's government did not report the death for more than 34 hours after it occurred. An official mourning period was declared from 8–17 July, during which the national flag was flown at half mast throughout the country, and all forms of amusement and dancing were prohibited.[1]

Pyongyang radio said that Kim had succumbed to complications arising from a stroke as a result of psychological stress. In the years prior to his death, he had been receiving treatment for diabetes as well as the hardening of arteries in his heart.

Background

On the late morning of 8 July 1994, Kim Il-sung collapsed from a sudden heart attack. After the heart attack, his son Kim Jong-il ordered the team of doctors who were constantly at his father's side to leave, and arranged for the country's best doctors to be flown in from Pyongyang. After several hours, the doctors from Pyongyang arrived, and despite their efforts to save him, Kim Il-sung died. His death was declared thirty hours later, respecting the traditional Confucian mourning period.[2]

Kim Il-sung's death resulted in nationwide mourning and a ten-day mourning period was declared by Kim Jong-il. His funeral in Pyongyang was attended by hundreds of thousands of people from all over North Korea, many of whom were mourning dramatically (rumors have circulated that citizens were made to mourn dramatically for the cameras, or face execution). Kim Il-sung's body was placed in a public mausoleum at the Kumsusan Memorial Palace, where his preserved and embalmed body lies under a glass coffin for viewing purposes. His head rests on a Korean-style pillow and he is covered by the flag of the Workers Party of Korea. Newsreel video of the funeral at Pyongyang was broadcast on several networks, and now can be found on various websites.[3] A further mourning period lasted until the third anniversary of his death in 1997.[4]

Reactions

Korean Peninsula

The original Statue of Kim Il-sung on Mansudae Hill (1972–2012)

International reactions

Funeral service

Kim Jong-il was chairman of the funeral committee. The committee also included Defense Minister O Jin-u, and Vice President Kim Yong-ju, who was Kim Il-sung's younger brother.[10]

The funeral committee released communique regarding the funeral

The State Funeral Committee publishes the following decision for the whole party, all the people and the entire army to express the deepest condolences over the death of the great leader Comrade Kim Il-sung and mourn him with the feelings of deep reverence:
The coffin of the respected leader Comrade Kim Il-sung will be laid in state at the Kumsusan Assembly Hall.
The period from 8th July to 17th July 1994, is set as the mourning period for the respected leader Comrade Kim Il-sung. The mourners will visit the bier from 11th July to 16th July 1994.
The mourning service for the last parting with the respected leader Comrade Kim Il-sung will be held solemnly in Pyongyang, the capital of revolution, on 17th July 1994.
At the time of the mourning service in Pyongyang, artillery salute will be fired in Pyongyang and provincial seats and the entire people across the country will observe a three-minute silence and all locomotives and ships sound whistles all at once in memory of the respected leader Comrade Kim Il-sung.
During the mourning period, memorial services will be held at all the organs and enterprises throughout the country and memorial services be held in all provinces, cities and counties while the memorial service is held in Pyongyang.
During the mourning period, organs and enterprises will hang the flag at half-mast, and all songs and dances, games and amusement will be banned.
Foreign mourning delegations will not be received.
Korean Central News Agency, 8 July 1994[11]

The State funeral was held on 17 July and included the observance of three minutes of silence throughout the country.[12]

See also

References

  1. North Korea Quarterly. Institute of Asian Affairs. 1994-01-01. p. 56.
  2. Demick, Barbara: Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea.
  3. Scenes of lamentation after Kim Il-sung’s death
  4. "North Korea ends mourning for Kim Il Sung". CNN. 8 July 1997. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  5. The Independent, 11 July 1994, Monday, "The Korean Succession: Fears of power struggle in North Korea"
  6. "South Korea assumes "for now" that Kim Il-sung died of natural causes", South Korean news agency, Seoul, in English, 11 July 1994, Monday
  7. "Pyongyang prevents foreigners from entering until after 17th July", KBS Radio, Seoul, 11 July 1994
  8. Eugene Bazhanov and Natasha Bazhanov, "The Evolution of Russian-Korea Relations", Asian Survey, vol. 34, no. 9 (1994).
  9. "North Korean President Kim Il Sung Dies at 82". The Washington Post. 9 July 1994.
  10. The Washington Times, 10 July 1994, Sunday, Final Edition, "The son takes charge in Pyongyang"
  11. "State funeral committee issues communique: foreign delegations not allowed". Korean Central News Agency, Pyongyang, in English. 9 July 1994.
  12. The Straits Times (Singapore) "Kim Il Sung dies of heart attack", 10 July 1994

Further reading

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