Dargwa language

Dargwa
дарган мез dargan mez
Native to Russia
Region Dagestan
Ethnicity 590,000 Dargins (2010 census)[1]
Native speakers
 490,000 (2010 census)[1]
Official status
Official language in
 Dagestan (Russia)
Language codes
ISO 639-3 dar (also Dargin languages)
Glottolog darg1241  also Dargin languages[2]

The Dargwa or Dargin language is spoken by the Dargin people in the Russian republic Dagestan. It is the literary and main dialect of the dialect continuum constituting the Dargin languages. The four other languages in this dialect continuum (Kajtak, Kubachi, Itsari, and Chirag) are often considered variants of Dargwa. Ethnologue lists these under Dargwa, but recognizes that these may be different languages. Its people are Sunni Muslims. Dargwa uses a Cyrillic script.

According to the 2002 Census, there are 429,347 speakers of Dargwa proper in Dagestan, 7,188 in neighbouring Kalmykia, 1,620 in Khanty–Mansi AO, 680 in Chechnya, and hundreds more in other parts of Russia. Figures for the Lakh dialect spoken in central Dagestan[3] are 142,523 in Dagestan, 1,504 in Kabardino-Balkaria, 708 in Khanty–Mansi.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes of Dargwa[4]
Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Epi-
glottal*		 Glottal*
Nasal m n
Plosive voiceless p t k q ʡ ʔ
voiced d ɡ ɢ
ejective pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ
Affricate voiceless t͡s t͡ʃ
voiced d͡z d͡ʒ
ejective t͡sʼ t͡ʃʼ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ ç x
voiced v z ʒ ɣ ʁ ʢ
Trill r
Approximant l j

Orthography

The current Dargwa alphabet is based on Cyrillic as follows:

А а Б б В в Г г Гъ гъ Гь гь ГӀ гӀ Д д Е е Ё ё Ж ж З з
И и Й й К к Къ къ Кь кь КӀ кӀ Л л М м Н н О о П п ПӀ пӀ
Р р С с Т т ТӀ тӀ У у Ф ф Х х Хъ хъ Хь хь ХӀ хӀ Ц ц ЦӀ цӀ
Ч ч ЧӀ чӀ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я

References

  1. 1 2 Dargwa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Dargwa". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Echols, John (Jan–Mar 1952). "Lakkische Studien by Karl Bouda". Language. Linguistic Society of America. 28 (1): 159. JSTOR 410010. doi:10.2307/410010.
  4. ↑ Consonant Systems of the Northeast Caucasian Languages on TITUS DIDACTICA
Dargwa language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator


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