Danone

Danone
Société anonyme
Traded as Euronext: BN
CAC 40 Component
Industry Food processing
Founded Barcelona, Spain
(1919 (1919))
Founder Isaac Carasso
Headquarters Boulevard Haussmann
9th arrondissement, Paris, France
Key people
 Franck Riboud (Chairman of the Board), Emmanuel Faber (Vice-Chairman and CEO)
Products Dairy products, Bottled water, Early life nutrition, Medical nutrition
Revenue €22.412 billion (2015)[1]
€2.892 billion (2015)
Profit €1.398 billion (2015)[1]
Total assets €32.712 billion (end 2015)[1]
Total equity €12.669 billion (end 2015)[1]
Number of employees
 99781 (end 2015)[1]
Subsidiaries The Dannon Company (US)
Evian
Website www.danone.com

Danone is a French multinational food-products corporation based in Paris and founded in Barcelona, Spain. The company is listed on Euronext Paris where it is a component of the CAC 40 stock market index.

Danone is present in over 130 markets and generated sales of €22.4 billion in 2015, with more than half in emerging countries. In 2015, fresh dairy products represented 50% of the group's total sales, early life nutrition 22%, water 21% and medical nutrition 7%.[2]

History

Name

The original company bearing the corporate name was founded in 1919 by Isaac Carasso, a Sephardic Jew from Carasso family of Salonica, Ottoman Empire, in Barcelona, Spain as a small factory producing yoghurt. The brand was named Danone after Danon, the nickname of his son Daniel Carasso.[3]

Ten years later, the company moved from Spain to France, and its first French factory was built. During the German occupation, Daniel Carasso moved the company to New York to avoid persecution as a result of his Jewish faith. In the United States, Daniel Carasso partnered with the Swiss-born Spaniard Juan Metzger and changed the brand name to Dannon to sound more American.

In 1951, Daniel Carasso returned to Paris to manage the family's businesses in France and Spain, and the American business was sold to Beatrice Foods in 1959; it was repurchased by Danone in 1981.[4] In Europe in 1967, Danone merged with Gervais, the leading fresh cheese producer in France, and became Gervais Danone.

Glassmaking tradition

Another branch of Danone descended from industrial glassmaker Boussois-Souchon-Neuvesel (BSN), which was founded by the family of Antoine Riboud. After a failed attempt to take over its larger rival Saint-Gobain, Riboud transformed it into one of Europe's largest food groups in the 1970s through a series of acquisitions and mergers, including the 1973 merger with Gervais Danone.

Strategic reorientation

Danone factory in Bieruń, Poland

The acquisitions initially took the shape of vertical integration, acquiring Alsatian brewer Kronenbourg and Evian mineral water who were the glassmaker's largest customers. This move provided content with which to fill the factory's bottles.[5] In 1973, the company merged with Gervais Danone and began to expand internationally. In 1979, the company abandoned glassmaking by disposing of Verreries Boussois. In 1987, Gervais Danone acquired European biscuit manufacturer Général Biscuit, owners of the LU brand, and, in 1989, it bought out the European biscuit operations of Nabisco.[6]

In 1994, BSN changed its name to Groupe Danone, adopting the name of the group’s best-known international brand. Franck Riboud succeeded his father, Antoine, as the company's chairman and chief executive officer in 1996 when Riboud senior retired. Under Riboud junior, the company continued to pursue its focus on three product groups (dairy, beverages, and cereals) and divested itself of several activities which had become non-core.

The research center of Danone in the business cluster of Paris-Saclay, France.

In 1999 and 2003, the group sold 56% and 44%, respectively, of its glass-containers business. In 2000, the group also sold most of its European beer activities (the brand Kronenbourg and the brand 1664 were sold to Scottish & Newcastle for £1.7 billion;[7] its Italian cheese and meat businesses (Egidio Galbani Spa) were sold in March 2002;[8] as were its beer producing activities in China. The company's British (Jacob's) and Irish biscuit operations were sold to United Biscuits in September 2004.[9] In August 2005, the Group sold its sauces business in the United Kingdom and in the United States (HP Foods),[10] in January 2006, its sauces business in Asia (Amoy Food) was sold to Ajinomoto.[11] Despite these divestitures, Danone continues to expand internationally in its three core business units, emphasising health and well-being products.[12]

In July 2007, it was announced that Danone had reached agreement with Kraft Foods Inc (now Mondelēz International) to sell its biscuits division, including the LU and Prince brands, for around €5.3 billion.[13] Also in July 2007, a €12.3 billion cash offer by Danone for the Dutch baby food and clinical nutrition company Numico was agreed to by both boards,[14] creating the world's second largest manufacturer of baby food.

Danone acquired the Unimilk group's companies in Russia in 2010 and the Wockhardt group's nutrition activities in India in 2012.[15][16] In mid-February 2013 Danone announced their intention to cut 900 jobs or about 3.3 percent of their 27,000 person European workforce.[17]

Since 2013, Danone has accelerated its development on the African continent, notably with the acquisition of a controlling interest in Centrale Danone in Morocco and equity interests in Fan Milk in West Africa and Brookside in Kenya.

Corporate governance

Danone head office

On 2 September 2014 Danone's Board of Directors voted to separate the functions of Chairman and CEO:[18]

As of 28 April 2016 the 15 members of the Board of Directors and the Secretary of the Board of Directors included

As of 1 July 2017 the members of the Executive Committee are as follows:[19] Emmanuel Faber – Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors and CEO of Danone, appointed to the Executive Committee in 2000

Head office

Danone has its head office in the 17 Boulevard Haussmann building in the 9th arrondissement of Paris.[20] Previously the company's head office and its 500 employees were located in several buildings on Rue de Téhéran in the 8th arrondissement of Paris.[21][22] In 2002 the head office moved to its current location.[22]

Main brands

Danone Dairy Brand logo.

Danone's brand portfolio includes both international brands and local brands. In 2016, the main brands are:[23]

Fresh dairy products

Early life nutrition

Water

Medical nutrition

Joint ventures

Global locations of Danone factories

In some areas, Danone has adopted a strategy of growth through joint ventures, particularly in fast-growing emerging markets which represent over 50% of its sales.[24]

Danone signed joint ventures with Al Safi in Saudi Arabia (2001),[25] Yakult in India (2005) and Vietnam (2006), Alquería in Colombia (2007), and Mengniu in China (2013–2014).[24]

Bangladesh

In November 2005, Franck Riboud met Muhammad Yunus, founder of the Grameen Bank and later winner of the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize. The two men discussed at length their ideas on the development of poor countries and found that their areas of expertise were complementary.[26] As a result, in 2006, the Grameen Bank and Danone form a company called Grameen Danone Foods, a social business in Bangladesh.[27]

Grameen Danone Foods Ltd. produces a yoghurt called Shokti Doi containing protein, vitamins, iron, calcium, zinc and other micronutrients aimed to fill nutritional deficits of children in Bangladesh. Shokti Doi is sold for 6 euro cents, a price that studies found to be affordable for the poorest families. Its pursuit of profitability is based solely on criteria such as improving public health, creating jobs, reducing poverty and protecting the environment. Profits earned by the company are re-invested in expanding and running the business.

India

In 1995, Danone and Britannia Biscuits set up a joint-venture in India. It was terminated in 2006, after an arbitration in the Bombay High Court.[28] In 2012, Danone acquired Wockhardt's nutrition business, including brands Dexolac, Farex, Nusobee and Protinex, in India.[29]

Under the 1995 joint venture agreement to acquire Britannia Industries, Danone agreed not to launch food brands within India without the consent of the Wadia family.[30] The partners also agreed on a right of first refusal to the other partner in the event of the other wishing to exit.[31]

Danone also manufactures Yakult in India under a 50:50 partnership.[32]

Israel

In March 1996 Danone signed an agreement to purchase 20 percent of the Strauss Group, Israel's second largest food manufacturer. Since the 1970s, Strauss Dairies had a series of partnership and knowledge agreements with Danone.[33]

China

Danone has invested in China since 1987. It is one of Danone's top 5 markets.

Bright Dairy

In 2001, Danone acquired a 5% stake in Bright Dairy and, in March 2005, doubled its shareholding,[34] and again, to 20%, in April 2006, becoming the third largest shareholder after Shanghai Milk Group and S.I. Food.

The parties announced in October 2007 that Danone would divest its stake by selling it to the other two main shareholders at a small profit.[35] Bright Dairy said Danone would pay 330m yuan (€31m) to terminate the existing distribution and production agreement with it.[36]

Wahaha

The Hangzhou Wahaha Group, the largest beverage producer in China,[37] and Danone entered into a dairy products joint venture in 1996, in which Danone held 51%. It was hailed by Forbes magazine as a "showcase" joint venture.[38]

Yet in 2005, Danone noted that alongside the 39 structures of the joint venture, 60 factories and distribution companies produce and sell beverages illegally under the Wahaha brand. Danone made several attempts to take a stake in the Wahaha companies external to the joint venture, but was rebuffed by Wahaha's General Manager Zong Qinghou.[39] Danone and Zong Qinghou had signed a deal in December 2006 allowing Danone to buy a majority stake in these non-JV operations. However, Zong had second thoughts about the deal and reneged, claiming the offer was underpriced and held out for a higher price from Danone.[40]

The dispute took on the shape of a trademark dispute, and Danone filed for arbitration in Stockholm on 9 May 2007.[35] On 4 June,[41] Danone filed suit in Los Angeles Superior Court against Ever Maple Trading and Hangzhou Hongsheng Beverage Co Ltd, companies controlled by Zong, his wife, and daughter.[42]

In 2009, an agreement was reached between the two parties. Danone left the Danone-Wahaha joint venture and sold its shares (51%) to its former Chinese partner.

Mengniu

On 20 May 2013, Danone announced a strategic investment (4.0%) in Mengniu, the top dairy products company in China, through an agreement with COFCO (the state-owned largest food company in China a majority shareholder in Mengniu). Later on, Danone raised its interest in Mengniu from 4.0% to 9.9%. In 2016, Danone is Mengniu's second shareholder.[43]

In addition, in May 2013, a joint-venture was created between Danone and Mengniu to grow the fresh dairy product category.[44]

On 31 October 2014, Danone, Mengniu and Yashili announced that they had signed an agreement allowing Danone to take part in a private placement by Yashili totalling €437 million, at a price of HK$3.70 per share. Upon completion of the suscription, Mengniu and Danone respectively held 51.0% and 25.0% equity interest in Yashili.[45]

Russia

On 18 June 2010, Danone partnered with Unimilk, one of Russia's main milk producers. Danone and Unimilk merged their fresh dairy products activities in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus. The joint-venture gave birth to the number one dairy products company in this region. Russia became one of the five most important markets for Danone.[46]

Africa

In June 2012, Danone raised its interest in Centrale Laitière (leader of the dairy products market in Morocco) to 67.0%. Centrale Laitière is Danone's first franchise ever: the companies have worked together since 1953.[47]

In October 2013, Danone teamed up with Abraaj Group to acquire FanMilk International, the leading manufacturer and distributor of frozen dairy products and juices in Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Benin and Ivory Coast.[48]

On July 2014, Danone announced the acquisition of a 40% interest in Kenya's Brookside, East Africa's leading dairy products group.[49]

Corporate social responsibility

On 25 October 1972, Antoine Riboud, then-CEO of Danone, pronounced the "Marseilles speech".[50] In an environment characterized by social tension and environmental concerns, he shared his thoughts on reconciling business growth and social responsibility to an audience of industry leaders.

In this speech he became the first CEO who claimed that business and human developments are closely interrelated and form a single whole. These ideas were very disruptive at the time and laid the ground to Danone’s dual project (economic and social).[51]

It has inspired many of Danone's decisions since then. Antoine Riboud developed profit-sharing with employees and reduced work time in the 1970s and early 1980s. More recently, the dual project inspired Danone to creating several funds:

Danone Institute

The Danone Institute is a non-profit organization established in 1991, to promote research, information and education about nutrition, diet and public health.[55]

The first Danone Institute was founded in France in 1991 by Danone.[56] The company decided to develop and spread knowledge about nutrition and diet, and was seeking to encourage research on these fields.

Danone therefore wanted to create an independent and transparent non‐profit association to promote public health.[57] The company set up its first Institute in 1991 in Paris (France).[57] Danone brought together international eminent scientists, nutritional experts, educational professionals and Danone representatives.[57]

Nowadays, the Danone Institute still gathers nutrition scientists together toward education goal for a healthier tomorrow.[55] The president is an independent scientist.[57]

The Danone Institute focuses on research. It supports researchers or research teams in the fields of nutrition, diet and health.

Among its purpose, the Danone Institute aims at increasing nutrition knowledge among medical professionals, educators and parents.[55] The goal is to develop programs which address local population health and nutrition issues.[55]

This organization is devoted to noncommercial activities,[55] and is free to use funds provided by the group as it wishes.[57]

Danone Institutes around the world

Little by little, Danone opened several Danone Institutes around the world and set up an international network of local institutes.[55]

18 institutes currently exist around the world.[55] They are located in Belgium, Canada, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Poland, Russia, Spain, the United States, and Turkey.[56]

They operate under the aegis of the Danone Institute International.[57] The Danone Institute International is responsible for steering the network, and encouraging a continual exchange between the various countries.[57]

Today, more than 200 renowned experts in diet and nutrition are involved in this international network.[56]

Each institute is composed of a board of directors and a scientific council.[55] Each board includes 8 members.[55] The board members are responsible for setting the strategic direction and budget for the organization.[55] The scientific council that is composed of from 6 to 10 members, takes future programmatic decisions.[55]

The institutes develop educational programs in their countries to deal with local health and nutrition issues.[55] Each institute therefore develops its own program in order to be relevant in their environment.[56] For instance, the Czech Danone Institute provides a fund to support research, development and education in nutrition, and scholarships abroad.[58]

Each local Danone Institute develops specific programs including:[56]

Throughout the world, the Danone Institutes continue to be non-profit organizations.[56]

The Danone Institutes gather internationally renowned scientists in diet and nutrition from independent organizations (e.g.: universities, research centers).[56] They are independent from Danone and do not have any commercial objective. Publications remain scientific and not commercial.[56]

From 1991 to 2006, more than 40 prizes and awards have been attributed for more than €600,000. Over 140 events have gathered more than 30,000 health care professionals. And 75 publications have been published. More than 70 programs towards the public have been organized.[56]

To date, Danone Institutes have funded more than 900 research projects.[56] This represents a global budget of €16 million.[57] They have set up dozens of educational programs. 100 symposia have been launched.[57]

Danone Institute International

The Danone Institute International was established in 2004 to gather together the 18 Danone Institutes. Its goal is to develop large-scale international programs. It also aims at encouraging the sharing of the knowledge between the local institutes. It facilitates cooperation, collaboration and exchange between scientists.[55]

Danone Institute International is a non-profit organization[59] originally established with funding from Danone. The association promotes the exchange of information related to the relationship between diet, nutrition and health.[60]

The Danone Institute International comprises more than 220 scientific experts, and may be considered as a think tank. This international network gathers renowned scientists from various fields such as clinical nutrition, pediatric medicine, microbiology, gastroenterology, psychology...[55]

The Danone Institute International produces publications, supports research via grants, programs and a prize. The DII also organizes international conferences and symposia.[55]

The Danone International Prize For Nutrition is a cornerstone in the work of the Danone Institute International.[57][60]

Danone International Prize for Nutrition

The Danone International Prize for Nutrition is an award established in 1997 by the Danone Institute International, presented every two years to honour individuals or teams that have advanced the science of human nutrition.

The prize aims at encouraging nutrition research and promoting the public's understanding of the importance of this field.

This award is one of the most respected awards within the field of nutritional research.[61] Many leading scientists received this award, that recognizes their accomplishments.

The Danone International Prize for Nutrition is worth €120,000. The prize is awarded every two years by the Danone Institute International and organized with the support of the French organization Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale.[59][62]

The Danone International Prize for Nutrition recognizes a single researcher or a research team as leading a major step in nutrition, developing novel concepts, including research fields with potential application for populations.[62]

The jury consists of up to 9 members including one member of the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale. 50% of the jury members come from the Danone Institute International or the Danone Institutes. The jury selects one winner by a secret vote. In case of a tie, the Chair’s vote counts as two votes.[62]

Danone Institute International selected in 2007 Friedman through a process involving more than 650 applicants worldwide.[61] Candidates must be employed by a not-for-profit institution and actively involved in research.[62] Laureates are chosen after an independent and international selection procedure.[59]

Prize winners: Source: Danone International

Global summit on the health effects of yoghurt

In 2012, the Danone Institute International in collaboration with the American Society for Nutrition (ASN) organized an international working group to examine the health effects of yoghurt. They communicated their scientific conclusion to health care professionals and the public.[67] One year later, the ASN and the Danone Institute International joined forces to launch the first global summit on the health effects of yoghurt.

This event aims at evaluating the state of science as concerns yoghurt consumption and public health.[68]

The first summit took place in 2013 in Boston. It featured international experts in medicine and nutrition.[68] Since that time, summits have been held every year.[67]

Yogurt in Nutrition Initiative for a balanced diet

In 2013, the Danone Institute International, the American Society for Nutrition (ASN) and the Nutrition Society (NS) launched the Yogurt in Nutrition Initiative for a balanced diet. This program aims at examining the health effects of yogurt, encouraging research around yogurt as part of a healthy diet and communicating scientific information toward health care professionals and the public.[69]

Through this project, the Danone Institute International plans to organize worldwide conferences to share researchers' findings.[69] From 2013, the Yogurt in Nutrition Initiative for a balanced diet co-organizes every year Global Summit on the Health Effects of Yogurt.[70]

The Danone Institute International in collaboration with the American Society for Nutrition and the International Osteoporosis Foundation also organizes the Yogurt in Nutrition Award. This prize is offered by the Yogurt in Nutrition Initiative for a balanced diet. This award, valued at USD 30,000, supports projects focused on the role of yogurt in the prevention and management of diseases. It finances research programs for 2 years. It recognizes individuals or research teams from public organizations, universities or hospitals.[71]

Controversies

2005–2006: the Pepsico acquisition case

Due to its narrow focus and relatively small size, Danone is potentially an attractive takeover target for its competitors, namely Nestlé and Kraft Foods. In mid-July 2005, the share price of Danone rose 20% within two weeks on rumours of a bid approach by PepsiCo, although this intention was denied.[72] Upon realising that a takeover of a national treasure such as Danone by a foreign company was indeed possible in the capital markets, the "economically patriotic"[73] French government stepped in by drafting a law to protect companies in "strategic industries" such as Danone[74] from takeover. This has been dubbed the "Danone Law".[75]

Speculation was renewed once again in mid-2006, when PepsiCo declared its intention to grow significantly in France through a sizeable non-hostile acquisition,[76] and Kraft was also reported in Le Figaro, a French daily newspaper, as not having ruled out an acquisition on French soil.[77] The stock market apparently marked down the possibility of a bid by PepsiCo following Danone's acquisition of Numico.[78]

China

In October 2012, a Save the Children survey was conducted in the cities of Hohhot, Beijing, Jinan, Shanghai, Nanjing, and Shenzhen. Sixty mothers of infants 0–6 months were interviewed in each city. 40% of the mothers interviewed said they had received formula samples. Of these, 60% were provided by company representatives, and over one-third by healthcare workers. The mothers reported that samples were provided by (in order of frequency): Dumex (Danone, and since May 2016 Yashili), Enfamil (Mead Johnson), Wyeth, Abbott, Nestlé, Friso, Ausnutria and Bei-yin-mei.[79] The overall 2013 Save the Children report which includes this 2012 survey states, "If new mothers are given free samples to feed to their babies it can start a vicious circle that undermines their own ability to breastfeed. An infant satiated with formula may demand less breast milk, so the mother produces less, and that can result in her losing confidence in her ability to breastfeed."[79]

Indonesia subsidiary

In February 2013 The Guardian reported that up until 2011, Danone subsidiary Sari Husada had midwives sign contracts to receive financial payments for selling a certain number of boxes of baby formula.[80] According to Danone, this no longer happens, and has been replaced by a scheme which runs training for midwives. However, the main difference appears to be a change from cash to merchandise such as televisions or laptops, and often including items which are needed in the midwives' practices, such as oxygen canisters, TENS machines, and nebulisers. The Guardian has seen a spreadsheet detailing the number of new mothers contacted, the amount of 0–6 months formula sold, and the proportion of their target this represents. Danone commented: "That may still be happening, that's something we need to address."

Turkey marketing campaign

In June 2013 the organisation was accused in Turkey of "misleading mothers with a marketing campaign that warned they might not be providing enough breast milk to their babies [and suggesting] mothers use its powdered baby milk to make up any shortfall." Danone responded that it "based its advice on WHO guidance" and claimed that both the WHO and UNICEF "endorsed the campaign." The WHO said Danone did not have permission to use its logo and asked Danone to remove its name from the company's marketing materials within 14 days while Ayman Abulaban, the UNICEF representative for Turkey, said: "The Unicef Turkey office has not endorsed this campaign." UNICEF also requested that their name be removed from marketing materials.[81]

Fonterra New Zeland alert

Following a statement by the New Zealand government and Fonterra on 2 August 2013 warning that batches of ingredients supplied by Fonterra to four Danone plants in Asia-Pacific might be contaminated with Clostridium botulinium bacteria,[82] Danone recalled selected infant formula products from sale in eight markets (New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand) as a precautionary measure.

The alert was lifted on 28 August when New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries concluded after several weeks of tests that there was no Clostridium botulinium in any of the batches concerned. None of the many tests conducted by Danone before and after this period showed any contanimation.[83]

On 8 January 2014, Danone announced its decision to terminate its existing supply contract with Fonterra and make any further collaboration contingent on a commitment by its supplier to full transparency and compliance with the food safety procedures applied to all products supplied to Danone.[84] Reports suggested Danone could be seeking as much as €300 million in damages from Fonterra.[85]

2013 Unethical marketing

There have been reports and allegations in 2013 that Danone engaged in unethical marketing of infant formula in China,[79] Indonesia,[80] and Turkey.[81]

See also

References

Footnotes
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Registration Document 2015" (PDF). Danone. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  2. ↑ "Press release – February 23, 2016" (PDF).
  3. ↑ "Groupe Danone History.". Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  4. ↑ "Dannon History in the United States". Danone Group. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  5. ↑ "History of Success: from bottles to beverages". Danone Group. Archived from the original on 10 September 2004. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  6. ↑ "Setting out to conquer Europe". Danone Group. Archived from the original on 15 May 2006. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  7. ↑ "Scottish & Newcastle acquires Kronenbourg in £1.7bn deal". The Independent. UK. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
  8. ↑ "European Buy-Outs: Italy’s many privately owned businesses are welcoming private equity as a way to drive consolidation". Real Deals. 26 January 2006. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
  9. ↑ "Danone sells its UK biscuits to United". The Independent. UK. 24 July 2004. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
  10. ↑ "Heinz announced completion of its acquisition of the HP Foods Group from Groupe Danone S.A. for approximately $820 million in cash". Food & Drink Weekly. 22 August 2005. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
  11. ↑ Baker, Lucy (21 March 2000). "Toward the third millennium". Danone Group. Archived from the original on 15 May 2006. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  12. ↑ "Annual Report on Form 20-F". Danone Group. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  13. ↑ "Danone mulls Kraft biscuit deal". BBC News. 3 July 2007.
  14. ↑ "Danone to Offer 12.3 Billion Euros for Numico". CNBC. 9 July 2007. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
  15. ↑ "Danone Merges Russian Dairy Business With Unimilk". Bloomberg. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
  16. ↑ "Wockhardt Closes Deal to Sell Nutrition Business to Danone". WSJ.com. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
  17. ↑ "Danone cuts European jobs on weak demand". 19 February 2013.
  18. ↑ "Change in Danone's Governance" (PDF). Danone. 09.01.14. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ↑ "Corporate Governance". Danone.
  20. ↑ "Contacts." Groupe Danone. Retrieved on 23 March 2010.
  21. ↑ "Danone Group's addresses." Groupe Danone. Retrieved on 26 July 2010.
  22. 1 2 "Danone : regrouper les salariés dans un même bâtiment." Le Journal du Net. Retrieved on 26 July 2010.
  23. ↑ "Danone Businesses".
  24. 1 2 James T. Areddy & Deborah Ball, Danone's China Strategy Is Set Back, Wall Street Journal, Page A10, 15 June 2007
  25. ↑ Al Safi Danone History
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  30. ↑ Ruth David, Danone's Indian Cookie JV Set To Snap, Forbes, 25 June 2007
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  32. ↑ Prakash, Saumya (21 May 2012). "Yakult Danone: Spreading far and wide". Business Standard. Retrieved Jan 7, 2017.
  33. ↑ Beck, Galit Lipkis (5 March 1996), "France's Danone to buy 20% of Strauss Dairies", Jerusalem Post, retrieved 27 May 2010
  34. ↑ Danone to double Bright Dairy stake, People's Daily, 4 March 2005
  35. 1 2 Xinhua, Wahaha says its arbitration application accepted over trademark dispute with Danone, 18 June 2007
  36. ↑ Neil Merrett, Danone sells Chinese dairy stake, Dairy Reporter, 17 October 2007
  37. ↑ "Danone set to sue Wahaha over breach of contract". South China Morning Post. Hong Kong. 11 April 2007. p. B3.
  38. ↑ Elaine Kurtenbach (27 June 2007). "Wahaha-Danone Feud Highlights Pitfalls". Forbes. Retrieved 17 July 2007.
  39. ↑ "Danone and Wahaha vie for the last laugh". South China Morning Post. Hong Kong. 11 June 2007. p. B3.
  40. ↑ 签约与悔约(regrets) Wahaha – atypical commercial dispute Archived 8 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine., Caijing Issue 185, 14 May 2007 (in Chinese)
  41. ↑ "current developments regarding Wahaha dispute" (Press release). Danone Group. 12 June 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007.
  42. ↑ Danone, Wahaha set for arbitration dispute in China Archived 21 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine., Agence France-Presse story, France24, 18 June 2007
  43. ↑ "Danone hopes to crack China with new dairy deal". Reuters. 20 May 2013.
  44. ↑ "Danone to double stake in China Mengniu to 9.9 pct for $665 mln". Reuters. 11 February 2014.
  45. ↑ "Danone swaps Dumex China unit for deeper ties with domestic dairy giant". Reuters. 24 July 2015.
  46. ↑ "Danone secures Russia expansion with Unimilk deal". Reuters. 18 June 2010.
  47. ↑ "Danone to take control of Centrale Laitiere". FT.com. 27 June 2012.
  48. ↑ "Danone to join Abraaj Group in Fan Milk International acquisition". CNBC.com. 24 October 2013.
  49. ↑ "Danone buys Kenyan dairy firm stake to add African markets". Reuters. 18 July 2014.
  50. ↑ "Death of Danone founder Antoine Riboud". Food Navigator. 6 May 2002.
  51. ↑ "The 1972 speech: a milestone of Danone’s history turns 40". Down to Earth Danone. 16 November 2012.
  52. ↑ "Addressing malnutrition and access to safe drinking water through social business incubator". Danone.com. 17 June 2016.
  53. ↑ "Danone: funding social change around the world". The Guardian. 30 May 2012.
  54. ↑ "Businesses come together to address carbon capture and storage". Farmingfirst.org. 11 July 2011.
  55. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "The Dannon Institute: Celebrating 10 Years of Nutrition Education". Nutrition Today. 2008.
  56. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "The Danone Institutes". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition. 2006.
  57. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "The Danone International Prize for Nutrition and the Danone Institutes:one of Danone’s commitment to health" (PDF). Danone International Prize for Nutrition. 2009.
  58. ↑ "Danone Institute grants Studpendia". Czech universities. 2005.
  59. 1 2 3 "Gökhan S. Hotamisligil receives 9th Danone International Prize for Nutrition". Harvard School of public health. 2014.
  60. 1 2 "OHSU Professor David Barker Awarded International Prize For Nutrition". Oregon Health and Science University. 2005.
  61. 1 2 "Danone International Prize for Nutrition Awarded to U.S. Scientist for Groundbreaking Research on the Impacts of Genetics and Biology on Obesity". CSR News. 2007.
  62. 1 2 3 4 "Danone International Prize for Nutrition 2016" (PDF). Danone International Prize for Nutrition. 2015.
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  64. ↑ "THE DANONE INTERNATIONAL PRIZE FOR NUTRITION". Danone Institute. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  65. ↑ "7th Danone International Prize for Nutrition – An important discovery rewarded". Social Media Release. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  66. ↑ Rockefeller University: "Obesity researcher awarded Danone nutrition prize"
  67. 1 2 "ASN Sponsored Satellite Program: 3rd Global Summit on the Health Effects of Yogurt: Yogurt Consumption and Weight Management". American Society for Nutrition. 2015. Archived from the original on 8 September 2015.
  68. 1 2 "The American Society for Nutrition and the Danone Institute International Collaborate to Examine Health Effects of Yogurt". PR Newswire. 2013.
  69. 1 2 "Danone Institute teams up with nutrition bodies to examine health effects of yogurt". Dairy Reporter. 2013.
  70. ↑ "Introduction to the Second Global Summit on the Health Effects of Yogurt". Oxford university press. 2015.
  71. ↑ "Yoghurt nutrition award". International Osteoporosis Foundation. 2015.
  72. ↑ "PepsiCo ne lance pas d'OPA sur Danone" (in French). Associated Press. 25 July 2005. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  73. ↑ "La France veut mieux protéger ses entreprises face aux OPA" (in French). Boursorama. Associated Press. 27 March 2007. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  74. ↑ "Le gouvernement interdira le rachat de groupes français dans les secteurs stratégiques" (in French). Boursorama. Associated Press. 29 August 2005. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  75. ↑ David Rothnie, US companies may bid for Danone division, Financial News, 28 June 2007
  76. ↑ "Pepsico travaille sur des projets de croissance externe en France". AOF (in French). Boursorama. 21 July 2006. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  77. ↑ "Danone: Reprise des spéculations un an après les rumeurs PepsiCo" (in French). Associated Press. 23 June 2006. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  78. ↑ "Eschewing Snacks, Danone Goes for Baby Food". Forbes. 9 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-11-10. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
  79. 1 2 3 SUPERFOOD FOR BABIES: How overcoming barriers to breastfeeding will save children's lives, Save the Children (UK version), 2013, Ch. 6 "breast-milk substitute companies facing conflict of interest," page 35 (47 in PDF), footnote 31 describing the survey includes " . . Within each city, 60 mothers of infants aged 0–6 months were interviewed (through randomised selection within the waiting areas) in one MCH Hospital, one level-3 comprehensive (the highest level in China) hospital MCH Division, one level-2 comprehensive hospital MCH Division – ie, 20 mothers with babies 0–6 months old from each facility were interviewed. . "
  80. 1 2 Baby health crisis in Indonesia as formula companies push products, The Guardian, 15 February 2013
  81. 1 2 Newman, Melanie; Wright, Oliver (29 June 2013). "Exclusive: After Nestlé, now Aptamil manufacturer Danone is hit by breast milk scandal Danone accused of misleading mothers and misrepresenting UN". The Independent. London. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  82. ↑ NZ's Fonterra finds botulism bacteria in dairy ingredient. Reuters, 3 August 2013.
  83. ↑ Danone wants full compensation from Fonterra after recall. Reuters, 2 October 2013.
  84. ↑ http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/companies/danone-terminates-fonterra-supply-deal/353466.article. The Grocer, 10 January 2014.
  85. ↑ Fonterra in talks with Nutricia owners. 3 News NZ. 2 October 2013.
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