Cyrtophora
| Tent-web spider | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Green tent spider | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Araneidae |
| Subfamily: | Cyrtophorinae |
| Genus: | Cyrtophora Simon, 1864 |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Diversity | |
| 38 species | |
Cyrtophora, the tent-web spiders, although technically orb-web spiders (family Araneidae), do not build orb webs. Their tent-like, highly complex non-sticky web is sometimes considered a precursor of the simplified orb web. These webs are aligned horizontally, with a network of supporting threads above them. These spiders often live in colonies. Females have a body length of mostly about 10 mm.
A tent-web spider (Cyrtophora moluccensis) suspended beneath its web
Some members (e.g. Cyrtophora cicatrosa) exhibit the ability to change colour rapidly.[1]
A kleptoparasitic spider (Argyrodes fissifrons) was found to live in a mutualistic relationships with Cyrtophora species.[2]
Species
- Cyrtophora acrobalia (Thorell, 1895) — Myanmar
- Cyrtophora admiralia Strand, 1913 — Admiralty Islands
- Cyrtophora beccarii (Thorell, 1878) — Malaysia to New Guinea
- Cyrtophora bicauda (Saito, 1933) — Taiwan
- Cyrtophora bidenta Tikader, 1970 — India
- Cyrtophora caudata Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895 — East Africa
- Cyrtophora cephalotes Simon, 1877 — Philippines
- Cyrtophora cicatrosa (Stoliczka, 1869) — Pakistan to New Guinea
- Cyrtophora citricola (Forsskål, 1775) — Old World, Hispaniola, Colombia
- Cyrtophora citricola abessinensis Strand, 1906 — Ethiopia
- Cyrtophora citricola lurida Karsch, 1879 — West Africa
- Cyrtophora citricola minahassae Merian, 1911 — Sulawesi
- Cyrtophora cordiformis (L. Koch, 1871) — New Guinea, Queensland, Lord Howe Islands
- Cyrtophora cylindroides (Walckenaer, 1842) — China to Australia
- Cyrtophora cylindroides scalaris Strand, 1915 — New Britain
- Cyrtophora diazoma (Thorell, 1890) — Sumatra
- Cyrtophora doriae (Thorell, 1881) — New Guinea, Bismarck Arch.
- Cyrtophora eczematica (Thorell, 1892) — Malaysia, Java, Sulawesi, New Guinea
- Cyrtophora exanthematica (Doleschall, 1859) — Myanmar to Philippines, New Guinea
- Cyrtophora feai (Thorell, 1887) — India to Myanmar
- Cyrtophora forbesi (Thorell, 1890) — Sumatra
- Cyrtophora gemmosa Thorell, 1899 — Cameroon
- Cyrtophora guangxiensis Yin et al., 1990 — China
- Cyrtophora hainanensis Yin et al., 1990 — China
- Cyrtophora hirta L. Koch, 1872 — Queensland
- Cyrtophora jabalpurensis Gajbe & Gajbe, 1999 — India
- Cyrtophora koronadalensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines
- Cyrtophora ksudra Sherriffs, 1928 — India
- Cyrtophora lacunaris Yin et al., 1990 — China
- Cyrtophora lahirii Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2004 — Bangladesh
- Cyrtophora larinioides Simon, 1895 — Cameroon
- Cyrtophora leucopicta (Urquhart, 1890) — Fiji
- Cyrtophora limbata (Thorell, 1898) — Myanmar
- Cyrtophora lineata Kulczynski, 1910 — Solomon Islands, Bismarck Arch.
- Cyrtophora moluccensis (Doleschall, 1857) — India to Japan, Australia
- Cyrtophora moluccensis albidinota Strand, 1911 — Caroline Islands, Palau, Yap
- Cyrtophora moluccensis bukae Strand, 1911 — Solomon Islands
- Cyrtophora moluccensis cupidinea Thorell, 1875 — New Caledonia
- Cyrtophora moluccensis margaritacea (Doleschall, 1859) — Java
- Cyrtophora moluccensis rubicundinota Strand, 1911 — Keule Islands, near New Guinea
- Cyrtophora monulfi Chrysanthus, 1960 — New Guinea
- Cyrtophora nareshi Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2004 — Bangladesh
- Cyrtophora parangexanthematica Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines
- Cyrtophora parnasia L. Koch, 1872 — Australia, Tasmania
- Cyrtophora petersi Karsch, 1878 — Mozambique
- Cyrtophora subacalypha (Simon, 1882) — Aden
- Cyrtophora unicolor (Doleschall, 1857) — Sri Lanka to Philippines, Australia
References
- ↑ "Spider Ecology". Earth-Life Web Productions.
- ↑ Peng, P; Blamires, SJ; Agnarsson, I; Lin, HC; Tso, IM (2013). "A color-mediated mutualism between two arthropod predators.". Curr. Biol. 23: 172–6. PMID 23260470. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.11.057.
- Tso, I.M.; Severinghaus, L.L. (2000). "Argyrodes fissifrons inhabiting webs of Cyrtophora hosts: Prey size distribution and population characteristics" (PDF). Zoological Studies. 39: 236–242.
- Álvares, É.S.S.; De Maria, M. (2004). "First record of Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål) in Brazil (Araneae, Araneidae)" (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 21 (1): 155–156. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752004000100026.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cyrtophora. |
- Pictures of several Cyrtophora species
- Russian Tent Spider C. hirta (illustrations of web construction)
- Pictures of C. citricola
- Beccari's Tent Spider (C. beccarii)
- Photos and information about Cyrtophora exanthematica
- Photos and information about Cyrtophora citricola
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