Cyclorana platycephala

Litoria platycephala
[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Hylidae
Genus: Cyclorana
Species: C. platycephala
Binomial name
Cyclorana platycephala
Günther, 1873

Cyclorana platycephala (formerly Litoria platycephala) is a frog common to most Australian states. It differs from most other members of the Hylidae family as a ground dweller and the ability to aestivate.

Description

The species has a populations spread across all the Australian states except Victoria and Tasmania.[1] It occupies a wide range of habitat from forests of tropical swamp to intermittent pools and lowland grass country; all habitat is assumed to be of a low elevation. Populations are assumed to be large from frequent reports and a broad range.[1] This range is assumed to overlap with National parks, but research has not been undertaken into the ecology and biology of the species.[2] It buries itself in sandy ground in a secreted, water-tight, mucus cocoon with its external skin during periods of hot, dry weather. For additional nutrition and to save energy, the frog eats the external skin.[3] It has been known to burrow to depths of up to 1 meter.[4]

The water-holding frog is characterized by a broad, flat head, completely webbed toes, and a stout body which is usually dull gray to dark brown or green. They also have small eyes that are placed somewhat laterally and forward-directed, enhancing vision downward and binocular perspective (Cogger and Zweifel 1998).[5]

Reproduction

The water-holding frog only emerges from deep underground after it rains to breed. It lays large amounts of spawn in still water after floods. Some eggs may be attached to vegetation, or spread in a thin film on the surface, thus ensuring adequate oxygen in warm waters suffering from oxygen depletion (Cogger and Zweifel 1998). Tadpoles of the water-holding frog can reach a maximum length of 60mm (S. Australian Frogcensus 1999).[6]

Human interaction

Australian Aborigines discovered a means to take advantage of this ability by digging up one of these frogs and gently squeezing it, causing the frog to release some of the fresh water it stores for itself in its bladder and skin pockets. This water can be consumed by the person, who then releases the frog.[6][7]

Threatened status

No threats have been identified, research into the extent of habitat loss through land clearing and the associated salinity is yet to be undertaken. The species is given Least Concern status at the IUCN Red List [Red List link] due to a wide range and large population.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Jean-Marc Hero; John Clarke; Ed Meyer; Richard Retallick; Paul Horner; Dale Roberts (2004). "Litoria platycephala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
  2. ↑ Hero, Jean-Marc. "Litoria platycephala". Litoria platycephala. IUCN 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  3. ↑ "Litoria platycephala — Details Water-holding Frog". Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  4. ↑ Tyler, M.J., Slack-Smith, Shirley (2012). Field Guide to Frogs of Western Australia. Perth: Western Australia Museum. p. 164. ISBN 9781920843915.
  5. ↑ "Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians: A Comprehensive Illustrated Guide by International Experts.".
  6. 1 2 Kierzek, Megan. "Litoria platycephala". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  7. ↑ Vanderduys (2012). Field guide to the frogs of queensland. Melbourne: CSIRO PUBLISHING.

Further reading

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