Cycloneuralia

Cycloneuralia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Superphylum:	Ecdysozoa
Clade:	Cycloneuralia
Subclades
Nematoida Nematoda Nematomorpha †Palaeoscolecida †Chalazoscolecidae etc. Scalidophora Kinorhyncha Priapulida Loricifera

Cycloneuralia is a clade of ecdysozoan animals including the Scalidophora (Kinorhynchans, Loriciferans, Priapulids) and the Nematoida (Nematodes, Nematomorphs).^[1]^[2] It may be paraphyletic, or may be a sister group to Panarthropoda. Or perhaps Panarthropoda is paraphyletic with respect to Cycloneuralia (see Dunn, et al., 2008; Dunn, CW; Hejnol, A; Matus, DQ; Pang, K; Browne, WE; Smith, SA; Seaver, E; Rouse, GW; et al. (2008). "Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life". Nature 452 (7188): 745–749.). The group has also been considered a single phylum, sometimes given the old name Nemathelminthes.^[3]

The name derives from the position of the brain around the pharynx.^[4]

References

↑ "articulata". Retrieved 2009-06-28.
↑ Telford MJ, Bourlat SJ, Economou A, Papillon D, Rota-Stabelli O (April 2008). "The evolution of the Ecdysozoa". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 363 (1496): 1529–37. PMC 2614232 . PMID 18192181. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2243.
↑ "A revised six-kingdom system of life" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-02-27.
↑ "Explanations.html". Retrieved 2009-06-28.

Extant phyla of kingdom Animalia

Domain

Archaea

Bacteria

Eukaryota

(Supergroup

Plant

Hacrobia

Heterokont

Alveolata

Rhizaria

Excavata

Amoebozoa

Opisthokonta

Animal

Fungi)

Basal	Porifera (sponges) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Placozoa (Trichoplax)

P
l
a
n
u
l
o
z
o
a

Cnidaria (jellyfish and relatives)

B
i
l
a
t
e
r
i
a

Xenacoelomorpha	Xenoturbellida (Xenoturbella) Acoelomorpha Acoels Nemertodermatids

N
e
p
h
r
o
z
o
a

Deuterostomia

Chordata lancelets tunicates craniates / vertebrates
Ambulacraria	Echinodermata (starfish and relatives) Hemichordata Acorn worms Pterobranchs

P
r
o
t
o
s
t
o
m
i
a

Basal / incertae sedis	Chaetognatha (arrow worms)

Ecdysozoa

Scalidophora	Kinorhyncha (mud dragons) Priapulida (penis worms) Loricifera
Nematoida	Nematoda (roundworms) Nematomorpha (horsehair worms)
Panarthropoda	Arthropoda (arthropods) Tardigrada (waterbears) Onychophora (velvet worms)

Lophophorata	Bryozoa (moss animals) Brachiozoa Brachiopoda or lamp shells Phoronida or horseshoe worms
Other clades	Annelida (ringed worms) Mollusca (molluscs) Nemertea (ribbon worms) Entoprocta (Kamptozoa)

Major groups
within phyla

Phyla with ≥5000 extant species bolded
See also: Parazoa and Eumetazoa; Radiata; Platyzoa; Monoblastozoa (nomen dubium)

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