Curzon Street railway station

Birmingham Curzon Street
Location
Place	Birmingham, England
Area	City of Birmingham
Coordinates	52°28′53″N 1°53′07″W / 52.4815°N 1.8853°W / 52.4815; -1.8853Coordinates: 52°28′53″N 1°53′07″W / 52.4815°N 1.8853°W / 52.4815; -1.8853
Grid reference	SP078870
Operations
Original company	London and Birmingham Railway
Pre-grouping	London and North Western Railway
Post-grouping	London, Midland and Scottish Railway
Platforms	7 (planned for 2026)
History
24 June 1838 (1838-06-24)	Station opens as Birmingham
November 1852	renamed Birmingham Curzon Street
1 July 1854	closed partly
22 May 1893	Final closure[1]
1966	closed for goods trains
2026	Planned reopening as HS2 terminus
Disused railway stations in the United Kingdom
Closed railway stations in Britain A B C D–F G H–J K–L M–O P–R S T–V W–Z
UK Railways portal

Birmingham Curzon Street railway station (formerly Birmingham station) was a railway station in Birmingham, England, opening in 1838 and closing in 1966. The station was used by scheduled passenger trains between 1838 and 1854 when it was the terminus for both the London and Birmingham Railway and the Grand Junction Railway, with lines to London, Manchester & Liverpool respectively. Excursion trains ran until 1893 after which only goods trains operated until closure in 1966. More recently, the surviving Grade I listed entrance building was used for occasional art events.

In 2010, a new Curzon Street station, partly on the site of the historical station, was proposed as the Birmingham terminus for High Speed 2.

History

The station, originally known as 'Birmingham' station was opened on 24 June 1838, with the first train from London to Birmingham arriving on 17 September. It was the terminus for both the London and Birmingham Railway and the Grand Junction Railway and the companies had adjacent, parallel platforms but there were no through trains.

1838 drawing of the rear of the station's platforms while in operation.

The Grand Junction Railway arrived at Curzon Street in 1839: Although the line had opened in 1837, one year before the London and Birmingham Railway, it originally ran to a temporary terminus at Vauxhall. A viaduct had to be constructed to allow the line to reach Curzon Street.^[2] The smaller Lawley Street station, terminus of the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway (a forerunner of the Midland Railway) was later opened a short distance to the east.

Behind the main entrance building, the L&B station had a wrought iron framed trainshed which had two spans, and covered an area 217 feet (66 metres) long and 113 feet (34 metres) wide. It had two platforms, one for departures and one for arrivals.^[3] The Grand Junction Railway had parallel departure and arrivals platforms and a separate entrance building and booking office (now demolished) further along Curzon Street, designed by Joseph Franklin.^[4][5]

A 1910 Railway Clearing House map showing railways in the vicinity of Curzon Street (upper centre)

Its use as a major passenger station was short lived. It was inconveniently located on the eastern edge of Birmingham city centre, and the station's facilities soon became overwhelmed by the growing traffic. Following the merging of the L&B and Grand Junction railways into the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) in 1846, work started on the new and more conveniently located 'Grand Central' station, which would become known as Birmingham New Street half a mile to the west,^[6] shared with the Midland Railway, New Street was completed in 1854. Most passenger services were diverted to the new station the same year.

The name of the station had been changed from 'Birmingham' to 'Birmingham Curzon Street' in November 1852.^[7] The station continued to be used by some local services to Sutton Coldfield and by excursion trains until 1893.^[7] It then continued in use as a goods station until 1966.^[8] The platforms, along with the original trainsheds were demolished the same year.^[3] The site was then used as a Parcelforce depot until May 2006.^[9]

The surviving entrance building

The surviving entrance building

The surviving Grade I listed entrance building was designed by Philip Hardwick. Built in 1838, it is the world's oldest surviving piece of monumental railway architecture. Costing £28,000 to build,^[10] the architecture is Roman inspired, following Hardwick's trip to Italy in 1818–19. It has tall pillars running up the front of the building, made out of a series of huge blocks of stone. The design mirrored the Euston Arch at the London end of the L&BR. In the original design the building was to be flanked by two arches leading into the station: excavations have revealed that these were never built. The interior housed the booking hall, with a large iron balustraded stone staircase, a refreshment room and offices. It is three storeys tall but relatively small. In 1840 a now demolished hotel extension was added to the northern side of the building. The hotel closed when Queen's Hotel was opened next to New Street station, and the building was latterly used as railway offices.^[11]

On 27 January 1847, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers was established with George Stephenson as its first president in the nearby Queen's Hotel; a plaque commemorating the event is inside the station building, as the hotel has been demolished.

The Ansells Brewery had a purpose built public house built beside the station in 1897. This was called The Woodman and it is still open in 2015.^[12]

The building was used by a University of Birmingham student theatre group, the 'Three Bugs Fringe Theatre'. The building was also proposed as a home for the Royal College of Organists, but the proposal foundered in 2005 for lack of funds.^[13] A Parcelforce depot to the rear of the station was demolished in May 2006.

A commemorative plaque was installed next to the station entrance in 1988 which reads: "THIS PLAQUE COMMEMORATES THE 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ARRIVAL OF THE FIRST LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM TRAIN AT THIS STATION ON MONDAY 17TH SEPTEMBER 1838".

The building is unused except for the occasional art exhibition. Birmingham City Council had hoped to refurbish the building and find an alternative tenant. It was expected to be the centrepiece of the City Park and Masshouse development scheme, which is located around the site, most of the surrounding buildings having been demolished.

These plans have now been superseded by the High Speed 2 proposal. The new station could incorporate the surviving entrance building.^{[14][n 1]}

• 
  An 1839 drawing of Curzon Street, showing the planned flanking arches, which were never built.
• 
  Print from a 19th-century guide book showing the 1840 hotel extension to the north of the terminus building.
• 
  Joseph Franklin's Curzon Street Station screen for GJR, now demolished.
• 
  Rear of station building, across former freight depot (now car park), with Masshouse block M behind.
• 
  The plaque to the right of the entrance commemorating the first train from London to Birmingham.

Planned High Speed 2 terminus

High Speed 2
High Speed 3 Manchester Piccadilly Leeds to East Coast Main Line West Coast Main Line Midland Main Line Manchester Interchange Classic-compatible loop Sheffield Midland Crewe Chesterfield Classic-compatible loop East Midlands Hub Phase 1–Phase 2 boundary to Nottingham, Derby, and Leicester West Coast Main Line Phase 1–Phase 2 boundary Snow Hill Lines Birmingham New Street Birmingham Curzon Street[b 1] Birmingham Moor Street Birmingham International Birmingham Interchange West Coast Main Line Maintenance Loop Wormleighton Infrastructure Maintenance Depot Calvert Maintenance Loop Stoke Mandeville Heathrow Airport Phase 1–Phase 2 boundary London Overground Old Oak Common Great Western Main Line and Crossrail to High Speed 1 West Coast Main Line Euston
↑ Alternatively named Birmingham Fazeley Street

Proposed station layout

A new station partly on the site of Curzon Street^[14] is proposed as the Birmingham terminus for the High Speed 2 railway line. It is referred to as Birmingham Fazeley Street in the report produced by High Speed 2 Ltd^{[n 2]} but as Birmingham Curzon Street in the government's command paper, setting out official policy on high-speed rail.^{[n 3]}

The station will have six 415-metre (1,362 ft) terminal platforms.^[14] Capacity will be needed for services to London and Manchester and Leeds to the north.^{[n 4]}

The new station will be close to Birmingham Moor Street and the two stations could be directly linked.^{[n 2]} A link to Birmingham New Street via a people mover with a journey time of two minutes is possible.^{[n 5]}

A design sketch for the station has been submitted by Sir Terry Farrell, architect of Beijing South Railway Station.^{[n 6]}

It is thought that the new station could make a significant contribution to the regeneration of the area, although pre-existing plans will have to be revised,.^{[n 1]} Prior to announcement of the HS2 station, Birmingham City University had planned to build a new campus in Eastside.^{[15][n 1]} The proposed Eastside development would include a new museum quarter, with the original stone Curzon Street station building becoming a new museum of photography, fronting onto a new Curzon Square, which would also be home to Ikon 2, a museum of contemporary art.^[16] As part of the HS2 project a Midland Metro line 2 extension to Adderley Street and possibly Coventry has been confirmed to improve links to Birmingham City Centre and Wolverhampton.

Notes

References

Notes

References

Further reading

• Cragg, Roger (1997). Civil Engineering Heritage: Wales and West Central England (2nd ed.). London: Thomas Telford. pp. 193–4. ISBN 0-7277-2576-9. 
• Foster, Richard (1990). Birmingham New Street – the story of a great station, including Curzon Street, 1: Background and beginnings: the years up to 1860. Didcot: Wild Swan Publications. ISBN 0-906867-78-9. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Curzon Street railway station.

• Curzon Street on warwickshirerailways.com
• Birmingham.gov.uk
• Lookingatbuildings entry
• Photo and description
• Rail Around Birmingham: Curzon Street railway station
• Organists scrap plans for new HQ – BBC Music Magazine
• Historic England. "Details from image database (217433)". Images of England. 
• Heritage at Risk: Curzon+Street

Buildings and structures in Birmingham, England
Highrise (in height order)	Sutton Coldfield mast BT Tower 10 Holloway Circus Chamberlain Clock Tower Alpha Tower Orion Building Sentinels Rotunda 103 Colmore Row The Cube Five Ways Tower Hyatt Centre City Tower Two Snowhill One Snow Hill Plaza Quayside Tower Colmore Gate McLaren Building Metropolitan House Edgbaston House Colmore Plaza Jury's Inn
Civic	Baskerville House Central Police Station Chamberlain Clock Chamberlain Memorial Council House Edgbaston Waterworks Energy from Waste Plant Hall of Memory Library of Birmingham Moseley Road Baths Other baths Municipal Bank Town Hall Town Hall (Sutton Coldfield) Union Workhouse
Main railway stations	Moor Street New Street Snow Hill Curzon Street Other stations
Universities	Aston University Birmingham City University Birmingham School of Art Newman University University College Birmingham University of Birmingham Barber Institute Queen's College, Birmingham
Hospitals	Current Children's City Good Hope Orthopaedic Queen Elizabeth Women's Defunct Accident General Old Queen Elizabeth Selly Oak Witton Isolation
Religious	Christian Ascension, Hall Green St Agatha, Sparkbrook St Agnes, Moseley St Alban, Highgate St Andrew, Handsworth St Anne, Moseley St Anne, Digbeth St Augustine, Edgbaston St Barnabas, Erdington St Bartholomew, Edgbaston St Benedict's, Bordesley Bishop Latimer, Winson Green St Catherine, Bristol Street St Chad's Cathedral St Cyprian, Hay Mills St David, Shenley Green St Edburgha, Yardley St Edward, Selly Park Erdington Abbey SS Faith & Laurence, Harborne St Francis, Bournville St Francis, Handsworth St Gabriel, Weoley Castle St George, Edgbaston Handsworth Cemetery Chapel Holy Trinity, Birchfield Holy Trinity & St Luke Holy Trinity, Sutton Coldfield St James, Handsworth St John, Ladywood St John, Perry Barr St John, Sparkhill St Laurence, Northfield St Lazar, Bournville St Martin, Bull Ring St Mark, Washwood Heath St Mary, Acocks Green St Mary, Handsworth St Mary, Moseley St Mary, Selly Oak St Mary's Convent Methodist Central Hall St Michael & All Angels, Bartley Green St Michael, Handsworth St Michael, Moor Street St Nicolas, Kings Norton Oratory St Paul, Birmingham St Paul, Lozells St Peter, Harborne SS Peter & Paul, Aston St Philip's Cathedral St Silas, Lozells Stechford Baptist Islamic Central Mosque Darul Barakaat Ghamkol Shariff Green Lane Jami Jewish Central Synagogue Singers Hill Sikh Guru Nanak, Handsworth Hindu Shree Geeta Bhawan
Houses	Anchorage, The Christopher Wray Lighting works Edgbaston Hall The Endwood Hay Hall Highbury Moat House Moor Hall Moseley Hall New Hall Manor Northfield Manor House Peddimore Hall Penns Hall Pype Hayes Hall Sheldon Hall Stratford House Winterbourne
Hotels	Grand Hotel Hyatt Regency Hotel Indigo Jurys Inn Radisson Blu Resorts World Birmingham Other hotels
Pubs	Adam & Eve Anchor Inn Antelope Bartons Arms Black Horse Brookhill Tavern Crown Lad in the Lane Old Crown Queen's Arms Red Lion (Handsworth; closed) Woodman
Complexes	Brindleyplace Bull Ring Friends' Institute International Convention Centre Mailbox Grand Central Longbridge plant Paradise Circus Swan Shopping Centre
Art and theatres	Alexandra Barber Institute Crescent Drum Hippodrome mac Rep Odeon, Kingstanding Old Rep Piccadilly Symphony Hall
Museums	Aston Hall Back to Backs Blakesley Hall Newman Bros Coffin Factory Sarehole Mill Selly Manor/ Minworth Greaves Soho House Weoley Castle
Sports venues	Alexander Stadium Edgbaston (cricket) Edgbaston Priory Club St Andrew's Villa Park
Other	1–7 Constitution Hill 17 & 19 Newhall Street Ashford & Son Assay Office Barclaycard Arena Birmingham Banking Company Birmingham Crematorium Bromford Viaduct Castle Bromwich Assembly Chinese Pagoda Fort Dunlop Gas Retort House Gas Street Studios Great Western Arcade Holliday Street Aqueduct ICC Millennium Point Perrott's Folly Perry Bridge Prison Proof House Ringway Centre Saracen's Head Selfridges St James's House Victoria Square House Victoria Law Courts Victoria Works
Demolished	Aston Hippodrome Bishop's House Bishop Ryder Church Bordesley Hall Central Goods railway station Central Library Christ Church Church of the Messiah The Crescent Fox Hollies Hall Heathfield Hall Highfield Island House Langley Hall St Mary's, Whittall St. Metchley Fort Pebble Mill Studios Post & Mail Building
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