Cumberland slider

Cumberland slider
Trachemys scripta troostii, hatchling
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Vertebrata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Family:	Emydidae
Subfamily:	Deirochelyinae
Genus:	Trachemys
Species:	T. scripta
Subspecies:	T. s. troostii
Trinomial name
Trachemys scripta troostii (Holbrook, 1836)
Synonyms[1]
Emys troostii Holbrook, 1836 Emys cumberlandensis Holbrook, 1840 Trachemys troostii — Agassiz, 1857 Clemmys troostii — Strauch, 1862 Pseudemys troostii — Cope, 1875 Chrysemys troostii — Boulenger, 1889 Pseudemys troosti [sic] Zeleny & Faust, 1915 (ex errore) Pseudemys scripta troostii — Carr, 1937 Pseudemys troostii troostii — Stejneger & Barbour, 1939 Pseudemys scripta troosti — E. Williams, 1950 Chrysemys scripta troosti — Weaver & Rose, 1967 Chrysemys scripta troostii — Ernst & Barbour, 1972 Trachemys scripta troosti — Iverson, 1985 Trachemys scripta troostii — Iverson, 1986

The Cumberland slider (Trachemys scripta troostii ), also called the Cumberland turtle, is a subspecies of semiaquatic turtle (terrapin) in the family Emydidae.

Etymology

The subspecific name, troostii, is in honor of Dutch-American naturalist Gerard Troost.^[2]

Taxonomy

Trachemys scripta troostii, a subspecies of T. scripta, was formerly placed in the genus Pseudemys. The Cumberland slider occurs in a different geographic location from the yellow-bellied slider (T. s. scripta). Intergradation does not occur between these two subspecies.

Description

The carapace of T. s. troostii is olive brown with yellow markings. It has two rounded projections on the posterior edge of the shell, and is slightly keeled. The adult carapace is wrinkled and oval-shaped. The plastron is hingeless and slightly smaller than the carapace. Each of the bottom sides of the marginals has a spot. The skin is brown with an olive to greenish tint with yellow striping. There is a distinct bar behind the eyes that can vary from yellow to red and be either thin or wide. The plastron of the turtle has dark spots, as well as the ridge of the carapace. Also, the plastron has bars or stripes of yellow. The turtle's legs in front have larger yellow stripes than most slider species. There is a yellow and orange stripe directly behind each eye. The stripe is never entirely one color, it starts out yellow and then fades into a dark orange-to-red color closer to the back of the neck.

Behavior

T. s. troostii is a communal basker. It basks on protrusions out of the water and may bask in stacks or with other species. It is active from April to October. "Slider" comes from its habit of sliding into the water when alarmed while basking, going to deep water for safety where most predators cannot pursue it.

Geographic range and habitat

T. s. troostii is found throughout the Mississippi and Tennessee River drainages, and the southeastern United States. This subspecies prefers quiet waters with muddy bottoms. Areas like ponds, lakes, and streams with a profusion of aquatic vegetation, organic substrate, and overhanging basking spots are especially favored.

Most people agree that the native lands of the Cumberland slider are in the Cumberland River Valley, ranging in Kentucky and Tennessee. But with the exotic animal trade, the Cumberland slider has become a common sight even into Alabama, Georgia and Illinois.^[3]

Reproduction

Breeding of T. s. troostii takes place in spring, fall, and winter months. The male and female go through a mating ritual in which the male "claws" at the female's face and his forelegs stiffen. The female then allows the male to mount. The females may go extremely far from the water to nest and are occasionally hit by cars while crossing roads. Females construct a nest, usually at night, in various soil types. Clutch size is 6-15 eggs with 71 percent of the females producing two clutches per year.

Diet

T. s. troostii is mostly herbivorous as an adult, but primarily carnivorous as a juvenile.^[4] The adults eat algae, fish, tadpoles, crayfish, seeds, plants, aquatic vegetation, insects, worms, and mollusks. This subspecies, like all aquatic turtles, can only swallow food when in the water.

Care

Although it's quite common to see T. s. troostii in pet stores, it requires attention and care to keep the turtle healthy. The minimum recommended size aquarium for an adult is a 120 x 40 x 60 cm (48 x 15 x 23 in) 55 gallon (208 litre) tank, with a water level of at least 40 cm (15 in). The difference between air and water temperature must not exceed 5 degrees in both directions.

References

1. ↑ Fritz, Uwe; Havaš, Peter (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2): 208. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-17. Retrieved 29 May 2012. 
2. ↑ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Trachemys scripta troostii, p. 268).
3. ↑ http://www.ben.edu/museum/cumberlandslider.asp%5B%5D
4. ↑ Clark DB, Gibbons JW (1969). "Dietary Shift in the Turtle Pseudemys scripta (Schoeppf) from Youth to Maturity". Copeia 1969 (4): 704-706.

Further reading

• Boulenger GA (1889). Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). New Edition. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). x + 311 pp. + Plates I-VI. (Chrysemys troostii, p. 76).
• Conant R (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. xviii + 429 pp. + Plates 1-48. ISBN 0-395-19979-4 (hardcover), ISBN 0-395-19977-8 (paperback). (Chrysemys scripta troosti, p. 63 + Map 25).
• Holbrook JE (1836). North American Herpetology; or, A Description of the Reptiles Inhabiting the United States. Vol. I. Philadelphia: J. Dobson. 120 pp. + Plates I-XXIII. (Emys troostii, new species, pp. 55-58 + Plate IV).
• Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. ISBN 0-307-13666-3. (Pseudemys scripta troosti, p. 56).
• Stejneger L, Barbour T (1917). A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 125 pp. (Pseudemys troostii, p. 120).

Family Emydidae (pond turtles)
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Testudines Suborder: Cryptodira Superfamily: Testudinoidea Family: Emydidae
Genus	Species of the subfamily Deirochelyinae
Chrysemys	Painted turtle
Deirochelys	Chicken turtle
Graptemys	Alabama map turtle Barbour's map turtle Black-knobbed map turtle Cagle's map turtle Escambia map turtle False map turtle Northern map turtle Ouachita map turtle Pascagoula map turtle Pearl River map turtle Ringed map turtle Texas map turtle Yellow-blotched map turtle
Malaclemys	Diamondback terrapin
Pseudemys	Alabama red-bellied cooter Northern red-bellied cooter Florida red-bellied cooter Peninsula cooter Rio Grande cooter River cooter Texas river cooter
Trachemys	Big Bend slider Baja California slider Central Antillean slider Colombian slider Cuatro Cienegas slider Cuban slider D'Orbigny's slider Hispaniolan slider Jamaican slider Maranhão slider Meso-American slider Nicaraguan slider Ornate slider Pond slider Yaqui slider
	Species of the subfamily Emydinae
Clemmys	Spotted turtle
Emys	Blanding's turtle European pond turtle Sicilian pond turtle Western pond turtle
Glyptemys	Bog turtle Wood turtle
Terrapene	Coahuilan box turtle Common box turtle Ornate box turtle Spotted box turtle
Phylogenetic arrangement based on turtles of the world 2011 update: annotated checklist. Subspecies and the extinct (Gyremys sectabilis) are not included.