Princess Märtha of Sweden

Princess Märtha
Crown Princess of Norway

Photograph of Princess Märtha in 1929
Born (1901-03-28)28 March 1901
Palace of the Hereditary Prince, Stockholm, Sweden
Died 5 April 1954(1954-04-05) (aged 53)
Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
Burial 21 April 1954
Akershus Castle, Oslo
Spouse Olav V of Norway
Issue Princess Ragnhild, Mrs. Lorentzen
Princess Astrid, Mrs. Ferner
Harald V of Norway
Full name
Märtha Sofia Lovisa Dagmar Thyra
House Bernadotte
Father Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland
Mother Princess Ingeborg of Denmark

Princess Märtha of Sweden (Märtha Sofia Lovisa Dagmar Thyra; 28 March 1901 – 5 April 1954) was Crown Princess of Norway as the spouse of the future King Olav V from 1929 until her death in 1954. The presently reigning King Harald V is her only son.


Family

Märtha was born at her parents' home of Arvfurstens Palats in Stockholm on 28 March 1901, the second child of Prince Carl of Sweden, Duke of Västergötland, and his wife Princess Ingeborg of Denmark. Her father was the younger brother of King Gustav V of Sweden, and her mother was the younger sister of King Christian X of Denmark and of King Haakon VII of Norway.

Märtha had two elder sisters Margaretha, Princess Axel of Denmark and Astrid, Queen of the Belgians and a younger brother Prince Carl Bernadotte (prev. Prince Carl of Sweden, Duke of Östergötland).

Marriage and royal life

Following a year-long engagement, she married her cousin, Crown Prince Olav of Norway, in Oslo Cathedral on 21 March 1929. Märtha's was the first royal wedding in Norway in 340 years. The marriage, which is widely believed to have been a success due in large part to their genuine love and affection for one another, produced three children: Ragnhild (1930–2012); Astrid (b. 1932); and the much awaited heir, Harald (b. 1937).

The Crown Princess was quickly taken into the hearts of the Norwegian people due to her easy-going, yet serene manner. Rather than indulge in the excesses of her lofty position, the Crown Princess was immensely humble, light-hearted, and generous. One such example of this is shown in her desire to put into practice her skills as seamstress, sewing clothes for herself and her children. In 1939, shortly before the outbreak of World War II in Europe, the Crown Prince and Princess made a highly popular visit to the United States. The couple befriended President Franklin Roosevelt and his wife, Eleanor Roosevelt. During this visit, the couple conducted an extensive tour of the Upper Midwest, where many Norwegian immigrants had settled.

During the tour, Crown Princess Märtha was honored with initiation into the Delta Zeta sorority. She and her lady-in-waiting were pinned during the initiation ceremony at the University of North Dakota, by Delta Zeta national president, Myrtle Graeter Malott.[1]

World War II

Crown Princess Märtha, who contributed greatly in the mobilization work for Norway's self-protection, made a public announcement on 26 January 1940 in which she encouraged Norwegian women to take part in the mobilization work.[2] When Germany invaded Norway in April 1940, the Crown Princess and her children fled first to her native Sweden, but she was not well received. Many Swedes felt she had put Sweden's neutrality at jeopardy. Some even suggested she should accept the suggestion by the Germans, and return her three-year-old son, Prince Harald, to Norway so he could be proclaimed King by the Germans. This was never seen as an option for Princess Märtha. Following an invitation by President Roosevelt, she went to the United States on the United States Army transport American Legion, via the then Finnish port city of Petsamo. In the U.S., she and her children initially took up residence in the White House.

Crown Prince Olav, however, had gone with his father, the King, to the United Kingdom, where he worked with the Norwegian government-in-exile. Thus, the Crown Couple, as were many couples during the time, were separated for much of the war.

In August 1941, Crown Princess Märtha traveled with President Roosevelt aboard the presidential yacht, USS Potomac, and sailed to Newfoundland and Atlantic Charter with Winston Churchill.

The friendship that the Crown Couple had cultivated with the Roosevelts was further developed during the war years. In 1942, the US presented the exiled Norwegian forces with the gift of the submarine chaser HNoMS King Haakon VII, which was received by Crown Princess Märtha, who in her reply gave a speech in support of the Norwegian liberation [3] Her impressive work to assist the American Red Cross and on behalf of Norwegian interests greatly impressed Roosevelt and influenced his "Look to Norway" speech in 1942.

Novelist and essayist Gore Vidal later asserted that Crown Princess Märtha was "the last love" of Roosevelt.[4] Roosevelt's son James stated that "There was no question that Martha was an important figure in Father's life during the war ... there is a real possibility that a true romantic relationship developed between the president and the princess."[5]

Princess Märtha spent much of World War II in the United States, where she worked tirelessly to keep up support for Norway among the American public and government. In 1942, she visited London to take part in the birthday celebration for her father-in-law. When she returned to Norway following the war in 1945, she received a hero's welcome and was referred to as "Mother of the Nation". She wholly embraced her role as Crown Princess of Norway and made tremendous efforts towards ensuring the stability and well-being of all Norwegians.

Death

Following a lengthy period of ill-health, Märtha died of cancer in Oslo in 1954.[6] At the time of her death her elder daughter Ragnhild was expecting her first child. Her death came little more than three years before her husband ascended the throne as king.

Legacy

Crown Princess Märtha

A 970,000 km² area in Antarctica is named Princess Martha Coast in her honor.

A statue of the princess was erected outside the Norwegian embassy in Washington, D.C. in 2005. In 2007, a replica of the statue was erected in the courtyard of the Royal Palace in Oslo.

Crown Princess Märtha’s Memorial Fund is a charitable trust administered by the Norwegian Crown. The Crown Princess's youngest daughter, Princess Astrid, serves as chairperson. Initially established as Her Royal Highness Crown Princess Märtha’s Fund on 1 April 1929, the fund "is to provide financial support to social and humanitarian initiatives carried out by non-governmental organizations." In 2005, the Fund had assets of approximately 28 million Norwegian krone (NOK), and issued grants totaling about 1.5 million NOK for roughly 300 recipients.[7]

Her son King Harald V named his daughter Princess Märtha Louise after her grandmother.

The popular Swedish layer cake Princess cake was named for Märtha and her two sisters when they were children.

Titles, styles and honours

Styles of
Crown Princess Märtha of Norway
Reference style Her Royal Highness
Spoken style Your Royal Highness
Alternative style Ma'am

Honours

[8]

Arms and monogram

Marital arms of Crown Princess Märtha
of Norway
Royal Monogram of Princess Märtha
of Norway

Ancestry

References

  1. ↑ Brewer, Nancy, and Rochelle Mackey. A Century of Sisterhood: The Story of Delta Zeta Sorority 1902-2002. Phoenix: Heritage, Inc., AZ.
  2. ↑ Krigens Dagbok (The diary of the war) (in Norwegian) 1984
  3. ↑ Krigens Dagbok (The diary of the war) (in Norwegian) 1984
  4. ↑ Vidal, Gore (1995). Palimpsest: a memoir. New York: Random House. p. 64. ISBN 0-679-44038-0.
  5. ↑ Goodwin, Doris Kearns (1994). No Ordinary Time. Simon & Schuster. p. 153. ISBN 9780684804484.
  6. ↑ "Who was Princess Märtha of Sweden? - History of Royal Women". History of Royal Women. 2017-03-28. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  7. ↑ Royal House web page on Crown Princess Märtha’s Memorial Fund Retrieved 6 November 2007
  8. ↑ http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0AjYnSkY6I8/T1A2WPAAvII/AAAAAAAAGW8/MIqMXBM7hHE/s1600/Guests.jpg
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