Cree syllabics

A proof from freshly made Cree typeface

Cree syllabics, found in two primary variants, are the versions of Canadian Aboriginal syllabics used to write Cree dialects, including the original syllabics system created for Cree and Ojibwe. Syllabics were later adapted to several other languages.[1] It is estimated that over 70,000 Algonquian-speaking people use the script, from Saskatchewan in the west to Hudson Bay in the east, the US border to Mackenzie and Kewatin (the Northwest Territories and Nunavut) in the north.[2]

History

Cree syllabics were developed in the mid-19th century in conjunction with the Cree by James Evans.[3]

Structure

Canadian Aboriginal syllabics are unique among abugida scripts in that the orientation of a symbol, rather than modifications of its shape or diacritic marks, determines the vowel of a syllable. Each basic shape corresponds to a specific consonant sound; this is flipped or rotated to denote the accompanying vowel.[4]

Like the Latin alphabet, syllabics are written from left to right, with each new line of writing directly under the previous one.

a e i o
- ᐊ ᐁ ᐃ ᐅ
p ᐸ ᐯ ᐱ ᐳ
t ᑕ ᑌ ᑎ ᑐ
k ᑲ ᑫ ᑭ ᑯ
ch ᒐ ᒉ ᒋ ᒍ
m ᒪ ᒣ ᒥ ᒧ
n ᓇ ᓀ ᓂ ᓄ
s ᓴ ᓭ ᓯ ᓱ
y ᔭ ᔦ ᔨ ᔪ

Variants

The syllabary continues in use for dialects of Cree west of the Manitoba–Ontario border as Western Cree syllabics. John Horden introduced modifications in the 1850s in the James Bay area.[2] These were standardized in 1865 to form Eastern Cree syllabics, used today for many eastern dialects of Cree, Naskapi, and Ojibwe, though Cree dialects of eastern Quebec use the Latin alphabet. The two versions differ primarily in the way they indicate syllable-final consonants, in how they mark the semi-vowel /w/, and in how they reflect the phonological differences between Cree dialects.[1] There are more minor local differences in orthography, shapes of the characters, writing styles, and punctuation, with some writers using dots or spaces between words, and others not indicating word separation.[1]

Modern usage

Though used for manuscripts, letters, and personal records since the 19th century, the need for special type long restricted printed syllabics to missionary publications. However, with the development of syllabic typewriters and, later, word processors, control of the script passed to native speakers, and it is now used for schoolbooks, periodicals, and official documents.[1]

See also

Cree books written in syllabics

In: Paleográfiai kalandozások. Szentendre, 1995. ISBN 963-450-922-3

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Nichols, John (1996). "The Cree Syllabary". In Peter Daniels. The World's Writing Systems. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 599–611.
  2. 1 2 Campbell, George (1991). Compendium of the World's Languages, 2nd ed. pp. 422–428.
  3. ↑ .
  4. ↑ "Online Cree Dictionary, Cree Language Resource Project, Maskwacis Plains Cree, Saskatchewan Cree, Woods Cree". www.creedictionary.com. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
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