Coyote attacks on humans

A sign discouraging people from feeding coyotes. Feeding them can habituate them to human presence, thus increasing the likelihood of attack.

Coyote attacks on humans are uncommon and rarely cause serious injuries, mainly due to the relatively small size of the coyote, but have been increasingly frequent, especially in the state of California. In the 30 years leading up to March 2006, at least 160 attacks occurred in the United States, mostly in the Los Angeles County area.^[1] Data from the USDA's Wildlife Services, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, and other sources show that while 41 attacks occurred during the period of 1988–1997, 48 attacks were verified from 1998 through 2003. The majority of these incidents occurred in Southern California near the suburban-wildland interface.^[2]

In the absence of the harassment of coyotes practiced by rural people, urban coyotes are losing their fear of humans, which is further worsened by people intentionally or unintentionally feeding coyotes. In such situations, some coyotes have begun to act aggressively toward humans, chasing joggers and bicyclists, confronting people walking their dogs, and stalking small children.^[2]

Although media reports of such attacks generally identify the animals in question as simply "coyotes", research into the genetics of the eastern coyote indicates those involved in attacks in northeast North America, including Pennsylvania, New York, New England, and Eastern Canada, may have actually been coywolves, hybrids of Canis latrans and Canis lupus, not fully coyotes.^[3]

Fatal attacks

Two fatal coyote attacks have been confirmed by experts:

• On August 26, 1981, an urban coyote grabbed a three-year-old girl named Kelly Keen in the driveway of her mother and father's home in Glendale, California and dragged her across the street. Her father rescued her by chasing the animal away and rushed her to Glendale Adventist Medical Center, but she died in surgery due to blood loss and a broken neck because of the incident.^[2][4]
• On October 27, 2009, two eastern coyotes mauled a nineteen-year-old singer-songwriter named Taylor Mitchell at Cape Breton Highlands National Park in Nova Scotia. She was on a break from her concert tour when they stalked and chased her down on the Skyline Trail. An air ambulance airlifted Taylor to Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, but she died after midnight from severe injuries and blood loss that were sustained during the incident.^[5]

Non-fatal attacks

On children

An urban coyote approaches a child in a school yard in Pitt Meadows, British Columbia.

While their bushy hair can make them look quite large, coyotes rarely weigh more than thirty-five pounds. Also, unlike some other canids, such as wolves, they are relatively less apt to hunt in packs large enough to take down a full-grown adult human being. Thus, coyote attacks tend to be a greater threat to children than they are to adults.

California (1978–2003)

A study published in 2004 documented 35 incidents in which a child escaped likely "serious or fatal injury" if the child had not been rescued in time.^[6] These included:

• In May 1978, a coyote bit the leg of a 5-year-old Pasadena girl in the driveway of her home.
• In May 1979, a coyote grabbed by throat and cheek a 2-year-old Pasedena girl who had been eating cookies on her front porch.
• In July 1979, in Pasadena, coyotes lacerated the leg of a 17-year-old girl who was attempting to save a dog from being attacked.
• In August, 1979, a coyote attacked a 5-year-old La Verne girl. Her father and a neighbor saved the child from being dragged off, but not before she had suffered deep bites on neck, head, and legs.
• In July 1980, a coyote grabbed a 13-month-old Agoura Hills baby girl by the midsection and started dragging her off. The baby suffered puncture wounds but was saved by her mother.
• In August 1988, a coyote nipped and bruised a 4-year-old Oceanside boy who had been playing in his yard.
• In August 1988, a coyote in Oceanside bit the rollerskate of an 8-year-old girl who had just fallen but was chased away by two women throwing rocks.
• In August 1988, a coyote in Oceanside grabbed 3-year-old girl by the leg, pulled her down, and then bit her on head and neck before being chased off by her mother and neighbors.
• In June 1990, in Reds Meadow, a coyote bit a 5-year-old girl on the head while she was sleeping at a campground.
• In May 1992, a coyote attacked a 5-year-old San Clemente girl, biting her several times on her back. The girl climbed her swing set to escape, and her mother chased the coyote off.
• In October 1992, in Fallbrook, a coyote bit a 10-year-old boy on the head while he was asleep on back porch of a residence.
• In March 1995, in Griffith Park, a 5-year-old girl was knocked down twice by a coyote before being saved by her mother.
• In June 1995, a coyote chased three boys on University of California, Riverside property, biting a 7-year-old.
• In July 1995, a Griffith Park coyote was chased away once, but returned and bit the leg of a 15-month-old girl.
• In September 1995, a coyote attacked a 3-year-old Fullerton girl in her yard, biting her face, head, and thigh.
• In November 1995, a coyote at University of California, Riverside chased playing children, biting a 3-year-old boy.
• In June 1996, a coyote grabbed a 3-year-old Los Altos boy's head and hand and began dragging him toward some bushes before he was saved by his 15-year-old brother.
• In February 1997, a coyote severely bit a 4-year-old girl in her yard in South Lake Tahoe. The heavy snowsuit she was wearing protected all but her face, and she was rescued by her father. The coyote stayed in the unfenced yard until police arrived and shot it dead. Earlier that morning, the coyote had bitten the hand of a man who was feeding it.
• In May 2000, in La Mesa, a 3-year-old boy was bitten on his side, resulting in 4 puncture wounds.
• In June 2001, in Northridge, a coyote seriously injured a 7-year-old, but was finally fought off by her mother.
• In July 2001, a coyote bit a 3-year-old Irvine boy in the leg while he was playing in his yard. The boy was saved by his father.
• In October 2001, in San Clemente, a coyote attacked three children playing on a playground at Truman Benedict Elementary School biting and scratching an 8-year-old girl on the back of her neck and a 7-year-old boy on the back and arm. A third student was also attacked, but the coyote only bit his backpack.
• In November 2001, in San Diego, a coyote that a family had been feeding bit their 8-year-old daughter.
• In December 2001, in San Gabriel, a coyote bit a 3-year-old girl in the head, grabbed her shoulder and started to drag her away, but was chased off by her father.
• In May 2002, in Anza-Borrego State Park, a coyote bit a boy, who was sleeping in a sleeping bag, on the head.
• In May 2003, in Highland, a coyote came into a neighbor's garage chasing after 2-year-old girl, biting her on the arm.
• In July 2003, in Granada Hills, a boy was walking his family's two dogs when they were attacked by three coyotes. One dog was killed and the other injured before they were rescued by his father.
• In August 2003, in Apple Valley, a coyote attacked a 4-year-old boy on a golf course, biting him on the face and neck before he was saved by his father.

Other reports of coyote attacks on children in California:

• On June 28, 2010, a coyote jumped on a 12-year-old girl in Spring Valley. The girl fell backwards and injured her elbow, but she was not bitten.^[7]
• On July 18, 2013, at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Cypress, a 2-year-old girl was attacked by a coyote while playing about ten feet away from her mother, who was visiting her grandmother's grave. The coyote grabbed the playing child and started to drag her off into the bushes, but dropped the child and ran away when "lunged at" by the mother. The child was hospitalized for a 2.5 inch gash to the leg and began precautionary treatment for rabies. Authorities killed three coyotes at the cemetery later that day.^[8][9] On October 9, the mother filed suit alleging that the cemetery, by not warning her of the risk, had liability.^[10]
• On November 16, 2014, a woman claimed that her 4-year-old daughter was knocked down by a coyote outside her Hollywood, home. After the attack, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife investigated but couldn't find any coyote, and a local television news program described the attack as "alleged".^[11]
• On December 25, 2014, a boy was bitten in an attack by an apparently sick coyote. He was saved by his father. Before the attack, about a block away, the coyote had just bitten the leg of a man walking his children to his car outside a home. After the attack, the coyote chased and bit a jogger on a nearby street but ran away when kicked; the police arrived and shot the coyote, which tested negative for rabies.^[12][13]
• On January 12, 2015, in Ladera Ranch, outside a baby girl's residence, a coyote with a limp tried to attack and grab the girl from her mother's arms . The mother fought the animal off enough to get inside to safety. After the attack, the animal killed two dogs and was being pursued by authorities.^[14]
• On May 22, 2015, in Irvine, a 3-year-old girl was picking up after their dog that she, her twin sister, and her mother had been walking, when a coyote ran out of a hedge and bit at the back of her neck, but was saved by her mother and other nearby adults. After the attack, the Department of Fish and Wildlife were trying to track and trap the coyote and planning educational programs to educate residents how to prevent and behave properly during coyote encounters. Before the attack, a coyote had chased another girl in the area.^[15][16]
• On May 22, 2015, in Irvine at Silverado Park, a 2-year-old girl, was in her garage when the door was opened and a coyote in the driveway came in and bit her on the neck and cheek.
• On October 14, 2015, in Irvine, a 31-year-old man and his 3-year-old son were attacked by a coyote while they were in a garden.^[17]
• On October 9, 2016, a coyote bit a six-year-old boy who was playing in Irvine's Springbrook Park. The boy's father along with bystanders shouted at it and one woman threw sand.^[18]

Coyote attack on teenagers in California:

• On July 22, 2016, a coyote bit a 17-year-old girl on her leg at Grant Rea Park in Montebello.^[19]

Other reports

Coyote attacks on children in other states:

• On December 17, 1997, coyotes bit two children in Scottsdale, Arizona. Neither child had serious injuries.^[20]
• On July 29, 1998, a four-year-old boy who was bitten by a coyote while playing in the backyard of his home in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. His mother tried force the coyote to go away, but it kept being around. A police officer responded to her telephone call to shoot and kill it.^[21]
• In April 2006, two coyotes bit two young children in Bellevue, Washington. They were euthanized afterwards.^[22]
• On April 6, 2007, in Middletown, New Jersey, a coyote bit a twenty-two month old boy who was playing in his family yard with a friend.^[23]
• On May 21, 2007, a coyote jumped out from a small line of bushes and bit a 5-year-old as he and his sister walked home from a neighbor's house in Middletown, New Jersey. He survived due to his sister's scream when she saw the incident, but needed 46 stitches in the back of his head and rabies shots.^[24]
• On December 4, 2008, a nine-year-old boy in Erie, Colorado was snowboarding with his six-year-old brother on a golf course behind his house when a coyote attacked him. He used the snowboard to fend off the attack, but was bitten on the arm. A coyote in the area was then killed, but it wasn't clear if that was the same one that had bitten the boy, so he began a course of treatment for rabies.^[25]
• In June 2010, a 3-year-old girl and a 6-year-old girl were attacked and seriously injured in separate attacks by coyotes in Rye, New York, a suburb of New York City. The six-year-old was attacked by two coyotes on June 25 and the three-year-old was attacked by one coyote on June 29. There was no indication the animals were rabid, but the girls were given treatment as a precaution.^[26][27]
• During a period of two months, from July to September, 2011, three children between the ages of two and six were bitten by a coyote, and a fourth was approached by a coyote within two feet in a neighborhood of Broomfield, Colorado.^[28] All four encounters are thought to have involved the same adult male coyote, who was lethally removed after the last attack.^[29]
• On August 24, 2011, before noon, a two-year-old Weymouth, Massachusetts girl was walking next to her stroller with her grandmother when a coyote lunged out of some hedges along the sidewalk in a suburban residential area. The animal attacked from behind, knocked the child down, and bit her on the back of her head, leaving a somewhat large wound. The grandmother was having trouble saving her from the coyote, when a neighbor came out of a nearby house and got the pair into the house, shutting the coyote outside, where it stayed, listening, while the homeowner dialed 911. The girl was taken to the hospital to have her scalp stitched.^[30] The authorities hunted the coyote but finding nothing, called off the hunt, but later that night police were called back to the area by calls that the coyote had returned. They shot the animal, and although it escaped, it was presumed to have been fatally wounded, but the body was not found, so the girl began a course of rabies treatments. One week earlier, a coyote in the same area tried to attack a landscaper, who successfully fended the animal off, sustaining no injury, so the area coyotes had not been hunted or trapped.^[31]
• On October 12, 2011, in Saginaw, Texas the Star-Telegram Deanna Boyd reported that a 3-year-old boy was about to get into the car Wednesday morning for his daily ride to day care and spilled his Cheerios. His mother dashed back inside the house to refill the bowl then heard a scream and ran back outside where she found the boy lying on the ground confronted by a coyote. The toddler, Colton, said he had seen it "coming too fast" and that it had "knocked me over." He suffered a scratch or welt on his right hand that did not break the skin. The coyote turned its attention to the mother and then the father who came out of the house and shot the coyote, which tested negative for rabies.^[32]
• On June 22, 2012, at Nehalem Bay State Park on the coast of Oregon, a coyote attacked a 5-year-old girl who was following her family back from the beach on a sand path through beachgrass. The coyote first grabbed a stick which the girl had been trailing behind her, then "lunged at" the screaming child, nipping at her ribcage and feet and breaking the skin on her back, before cutting off the attack to confront her father, who succeeded in driving the determined coyote off. The coyote was not caught, so the child began precautionary treatments for rabies.^[33]
• In the evening of March 12, 2013, two young boys in Boulder, Colorado were playing near a creek some distance away from their father, when they were surrounded by two coyotes. The boy who did not run was not bitten, but the five-year-old who ran toward his father was bitten on the leg before being saved by his father. Before this incident, the city had been having problematic encounters with coyotes for some time in the area, known as Boulder Creek Path, including attacks on adults, so they had instituted and just completed a four-week "hazing program" to instill fear of humans into the animals. After the incident, officials hunted down and killed two coyotes believed to be the same ones that had bitten the boy.
• On May 16, 2013, between six and seven PM, a two-year-old girl in Goose Gossage Park, Colorado Springs, Colorado, was playing on the slide with her mother and her brother. She came down the slide, her mother caught her, and set her aside, and just in the brief moment when her mom turned to catch her brother, a coyote bit the girl by the head and ran away. Doctors used stitches to close a large gash just over her right eye, and staples to close the gashes on the back of her head. The animal was not caught, so she began a course of rabies treatments.^[34] In the aftermath of this and the second attack, below, authorities conducted a large scale hunt for the animal, which resulted in the death of two adult animals. Also, the media printed criticism from area residents that the authorities had been slow to act to their complaints and warnings that the animals were dangerous. Authorities were quoted as saying that hunting or trapping would not help because other coyotes would take their place, and that the state "wasn't interested" in spending the money.^[35]
• On May 16, 2013, within an hour before the above attack and in the same place, a coyote had attacked a four-year-old girl, knocking her down and biting her on the backside, tearing her clothes. Authorities thought it was probably the same animal, and planned to kill it.^[36]
• On October 27, 2013, a three-year-old boy in Austin, Illinois within an alley was bitten by an animal badly enough to require plastic surgery. The authorities suspected a coyote, and trapped "a handful" in the area.^[37]
• On May 22, 2017, an eight-year-old girl in Stillwater, Oklahoma was attacked by coyote in the backyard of her family's home.^[38]
• On July 4, 2017, a one-year-old boy was bitten by a coyote in Hastings, Nebraska. His family was lighting fireworks at the time of the incident. He was subsequently taken to the emergency room for rabies shots.^[39]

Coyote attacks on teenagers in other states:

• On August 6, 2010 in Port Aransas, Texas, Executive Lt. Darryl Johnson of the Port Aransas Police Department told Phil Reynolds of the South Jetty News that the latest coyote confrontation led to two Boys Scouts, 14 and 15 years old, from San Antonio, being bitten while sleeping outside their tent near Pole 3 on the beach. The boys were taken to a Corpus Christi Hospital where they were treated. The boys took preventive rabies shots.^[40]
• On April 15, 2011, a coyote bit a two-year-old girl on the neck at a regional park playground in Cave Creek, Arizona. Her parents took her to a hospital for rabies treatment afterwards.^[41]
• On February 22, 2012, a 17-year-old boy in Hopkinton, New Hampshire was attacked by a "possibly rabid" coyote while walking his dog in the woods near his house. The coyote approached, the dog ran away, and the coyote attacked the boy, who stood his ground and punched until the animal ran off. The boy was scratched by the animal's claws and possibly teeth and so began precautionary rabies treatments.^[42]
• On October 15, 2012,. KVUE abc - KVUE.COM Heather Kovar reported a 14-year-old boy in Austin, Texas was knocked down by a coyote then attacked on a trail near his home. Neighbors say they have encountered aggressive coyotes. Texas Wildlife Services said they have had lots of sightings and animal attacks reported. The teen has had a series of 11 rabies shots.^[43]
• In November 2013, a 15-year-old-girl in Johns Creek, Georgia was jogging in her neighborhood with her black Labrador-mix when a coyote chased her. She hit the coyote with her cellular phone, but fled while the two dogs fought against each other. The teenage girl knocked on her neighbor’s door and called her father when she got inside her neighbor's home.^[44]
• On July 12, 2015, a 15-year-old boy in Grapevine, Texas was bitten by a coyote when he and his girlfriend were exiting a movie theater.^[45]

Coyote attacks on children in Canada:

• On June 29, 2009, a coyote bit a 2-year-old girl on a school playground in Port Coquitlam, British Columbia. Adults around the school's vicinity rescued the girl and chased the coyote away.^[46]
• On May 31, 2010, a 5-year-old girl in Vernon, British Columbia was bitten by a coyote while walking with her parents and dog near a greenbelt area at about 5PM. An official quoted in the story stated that there had been four other attacks on humans in British Columbia in the preceding fifteen years.^[47]
• In January 2012, an 8-year-old girl in Oakville, Ontario was playing in her backyard with a friend when a coyote jumped the fence and attacked. The coyote chased the children inside the house, then stalked around outside the house, but ran away before the police arrived. The authorities killed a coyote found in the area later that day, and the girl was taken to the hospital, treated for bites to the leg, and given rabies shots because it was not clear whether the rabies-free animal that was killed was the same one which had attacked the child.^[48]
• On September 25, 2013, in St. Catharines, Ontario, a coyote attacked an 8-year-old girl who was walking on a sidewalk behind her stepfather, when the coyote leaped up at her, biting her ribcage. He turned around and saw it biting her foot, and then her torso. The girl was treated and released for "coyote bite." The animal was not found, so she underwent a course of rabies treatment as a precaution.^[49]
• On June 26. 2015, two coyotes mauled an eleven-year-old girl in Valleyview, Alberta. Her mother sent her to a hospital for stitches.^[50]
• On June 26, 2017, a coyote stalked a 4-year-old girl walking with her 6-year-old brother at Mary Jane Shannon Elementary School in Surrey, British Columbia. A woman who was nearby honked her car's horn and screamed at the animal.^[51][52]

Coyote attacks on teenagers in Canada:

• On July 14, 2003, a coyote bit an 18-year-old American girl on one of her arms while she was hiking with her parents on the Skyline Trail at Cape Breton Highlands National Park in Nova Scotia.
• On August 9, 2010, a coyote bit a sleeping 16-year-old girl's head twice in her tent while she was camping with her parents on the eastern end of Cape Breton Highlands National Park in Ingonish, Nova Scotia. She was taken to a hospital for stitches and treatment to prevent any rabies.^[53]
• On May 15, 2012, a 14-year-old boy in Westmount, Nova Scotia wore body armour, motocross pants and boots when a coyote attacked him on a trail near his home. All three protective gears helped him survive the predatory incident.^[54]
• On September 21, 2012, a 16-year-old girl was attacked by a coyote in New Waterford, Nova Scotia while she was walking to school. She had heard some growling in the bushes, but, seeing nothing, continued walking and was hit from behind and knocked down. Just at that moment, a car happened along, and the motorist sounded his horn, scaring the coyote away. The Department of Natural Resources hired a professional to trap the animal.^[55]

On adults

Much of the published scholarly research on coyote attacks on adults comes from California, but press reports detail attacks all across the continent.

California (1979–2003)

Not all the coyote attacks on adults in California between 1979 and 2003 reported by Timm, et al. resulted in injury. In some, bitten articles of clothing or backpacks show that injury was narrowly avoided. In others, the attack was immediately broken off by the coyote once it could make off with an item the uninjured victim was carrying. While several victims were hiking, working, or jogging in unpopulated areas, many occurred at the victim's own home. Many appear to have been "test bites" on people who seemed incapacitated, but as soon as the victim reacted, the attack was abandoned. A selection of these attacks are listed below. Some add context to one or more of the attacks on children listed above. Many began as attacks on a person's pet, provoking sequential counter-attacks.^[6]

Other coyote attacks on adults in California:

• On August 6, 2016, a coyote mauled a man who was mending on his car at Grant Rea Park in Montebello.^[19]
• On August 7, 2016, a coyote mauled a homeless man rummaging garbage bags at Grant Rea Park an hour after midnight in Montebello.^[56]

Other reports of attacks on adults

Coyote attacks on adults in other states:

• On May 22, 2008, 10:00 am, in an unpopulated area of Maine, a hunter was hunting with a friend, staying hidden and using a turkey call, when he was knocked down and bitten by a coyote. His thick hunting clothing prevented more serious injury, but suffered several small puncture wounds and tooth scratches, and one of his teeth was damaged when he was knocked down. The other hunter soon arrived, and the animal fled. After the attack, the victim was treated at the hospital for his wounds and started a course of expensive precautionary rabies treatments.^[57]
• In June, 2008, in the Shadow Wood area of the Brooks community of Estero, Florida, a woman was walking her dachshund on a short leash when a coyote suddenly appeared, grabbed the dog, and tried to run away with it. She dropped to the ground, grabbed the severely injured dog, saving it from being carried off, but the coyote bit her on the right calf. She was taken by ambulance to a hospital where she was treated for four puncture wounds and began precautionary treatment for rabies, as the animal could not be found and killed for rabies testing right away. The incident was preceded by coyotes regularly feeding on dogs in the area, and followed by authorities hiring a professional trapper to cull area coyotes.^[58]
• In January, 2010, in Greenburgh, New York, a woman was taking a daytime walk through a wooded park when she was pounced on by a coyote. She screamed and, although she was aware that experts don’t recommend it, she turned and ran as fast as she could and escaped, but not before she received puncture wounds and scrapes to her arms, legs, back, and buttocks. The coyote later attacked a pit bull terrier at its home adjacent to the same park, was spotted and chased by a police helicopter, and plans were being made for policemen with hunting backgrounds to try to track down the animal. The woman's wounds were treated and, although the coyote did not appear sick, she began a course of treatment for rabies.^[59]
• On May 22, 2010, a 24-year-old man sleeping on his friend's patio in Port Aransas, Texas was awakened by a coyote biting him four times in quick succession on the arm and hand. When he stood, it retreated to the street, but stayed in the area, watching. The man took a series of rabies shots as a precaution.^[60]
• On July 13, 2010, a man sleeping on a beach in Port Aransas, Texas was bitten by a coyote licking and biting his hand. He completed a precautionary course of rabies treatments.^[60]
• On August 4, 2010, in Port Aransas, Texas, Port Aransas Animal Control Officer Jim Williams stated "In the 9 and a half year's I've been there, this is the worst I've ever seen it," when speaking to KRIS TV about a 19-year-old female from San Antonio, Texas that was bitten in the head by a coyote. The 19 year-old underwent rabies treatment in San Antonio.^[61]
• On December 25, 2010, in Dalton, Minnesota, a 48-year-old man walking his dog near a trailer court when a coyote attacked his domestic dog. While defending the dog, he was bitten on both hands by the coyote.^[62]
• January 23, 2011, Port Aransas, Texas, Corpus Christi Caller Times writer Mark Collette's article confirms a sixth person reported a coyote bite in Port Aransas. The man was sleeping on the beach when bitten by a coyote. Police Chief Scott Burroughs said precautionary rabies vaccinations were received.^[63]
• In March 2012, a coyote bit two women and a man in Peoria, Arizona.^[64]
• In December 2012, in Kent, Washington, a man spent the night in the hospital after being attacked by coyotes in his own backyard.^[65]
• On Wednesday, December 12, 2012, at about 2:00AM, in Waltham, Massachusetts, on the campus of Brandeis University, an animal, thought to be a coyote, attacked a student walking back to her dorm. The animal appeared from dense cover and in a very dark location, and quickly disappeared, so the victim did not get a good look. Multiple residents had sighted a pack of coyotes in the area. The woman was treated for a tooth or claw wound.^[66][67]
• On the evening of October 8, 2012, a security guard was manning a booth at the Bingham Canyon Mine, Salt Lake County, Utah, when a coyote entered through an open door and attacked her. She managed to escape and call for backup, but not before she received defensive wounds to her forearm. The coyote was shot by a policeman and the victim was taken to the hospital for stitches. Results of rabies tests were not available at presstime.^[68]
• In October 2012, in Malabar, Florida, an 84-year-old woman was attacked by a rabid coyote when she tried to hit to stop it from getting in her chicken coop. She was taken to the hospital and her daughter who shot the coyote.^[69][70]
• In January 2013, in Boulder, Colorado, officials were trying to decide what to do about coyotes attacking joggers, bicyclists, and dogwalkers on a popular bike path along the Boulder Creek.^[71] The jogger who was bitten at first stood her ground and acted aggressively toward the coyote, but then turned and tried to run away, and was then bitten on the ankle.^[72][73]
• In May, 2013, in Wrentham, Massachusetts, a woman was with her dog at night when it was attacked by a coyote. The woman was bitten on the hand by the coyote while trying to save her dog. The coyote was not caught, so the woman began treatment for possible rabies.^[74]
• In late June, 2013, residents of the Rocky Creek subdivision of eastern Wichita, Kansas received an email from the homeowners' association stating that an irrigation worker had been attacked by a coyote near a sidewalk west of a bridge. The email stated that the attack resulted in torn clothing, not skin, but residents were warned to watch the area.^[75]
• On Monday, September 2, 2013, at 5:30PM, a man was waxing his car in the driveway of his home northwest of Cumming, Georgia, when he was painfully bitten by a coyote on the back of the left leg just above the knee. He slapped the coyote with a towel, but the coyote kept attacking, but then the man's white German Shepherd came running and body-slammed the coyote. Both animals tumbled and ran off chasing each other. The dog, "Charmin", returned without the coyote but with a bite wound to the back right leg. The man was treated for the bite and started a precautionary course of treatment for rabies, but the dog's vaccinations for the disease were current.^[76]
• On Monday, October 14, 2013, at about 5:00AM, on a dark road just outside Niwot, Colorado in Boulder County, three coyotes attacked a 22-year-old man who was walking to work. The attack lasted one or two minutes before the pack retreated. The man concentrated on keeping his balance, wielding his flashlight with one arm and pushing the coyotes with the other, keeping the animals in front of him, protecting his neck and face, and retreating. He landed at least one solid blow with his flashlight to the side of the head of one of the animals. They circled, dodged, and attacked in turn, lunging at his throat, biting, clawing, and landing leaping body-blows. He was treated and released for multiple bleeding cuts and abrasions to the arms, head, face, and neck.^[77] Two days later, officials announced the three coyotes had been killed and that none of them were rabid.^[78]
• On Friday, November 1, 2013, about 11AM, on a property near a country club on the north end of Mansfield, Ohio, a groundskeeper did not notice a pack of at least three coyotes until one latched onto his arm. The attacking animal was with at least two others. The man knocked the animals off him, escaped on a riding lawnmower, and drove himself to the hospital to have the arm bite wound and clawmarks treated and to get precautionary injections. Authorities responded, but the coyotes were not found. Before the attack, the coyotes had been seen "almost every day" on the nearby golf course.^[79][80][81]
• On February 10, 2014, in Clement Park, Colorado, a woman was walking her dog in a park when a coyote approaching quickly. She picked up her dog, but the coyote lunged at the pair. The woman kicked the coyote, and it retreated. Before the attack, others had noticed aggressive behavior from coyotes in that park. After the incident, authorities killed five coyotes in the area.^[82]
• On March 14, 2014, a man walking his Yorkshire terrier in an alley behind his house in Yorba Linda, California was jumped on and knocked down by two coyotes, which took the dog and ran off. The man had not seen the coyote when it suddenly jumped on his back.^[83]
• At about 7:00AM on Tuesday, March 25, 2014, a woman walking her dog on a street in a residential neighborhood of Orangeburg, New York was attacked by a rabid coyote. She used her jacket as a shield and escaped with the help of neighbors. Police shot the coyote in a nearby backyard, EMTs treated her leg and took her to the hospital, and animal control officers collected the body and sent it to a New York State Troopers laboratory in Albany where it tested positive for rabies.^[84][85]
• On Monday, March 31, 2014, in a wooded area of Gibson Township, Pennsylvania, a man was bitten by a coyote while breaking up a fight between it and his dog. He then shot the coyote. The dog was unhurt, and the man began rabies treatments.^[86]
• On Thursday, May 14, 2014, in a wooded area on the campus of The University of Colorado, Boulder, a man was walking his dog on leash when it was attacked by a coyote. While defending the dog, the man was bitten on the arm. He kicked the coyote and swung a stick at it, and it ran away. Before the attack, the coyote had been following them for some time. After the attack, university authorities had warning signs put up and arranged for experts to study the matter.^[87]
• On Wednesday, May 14, 2014, in Bourne, Massachusetts, a man was attacked by a pack of three coyotes outside his house while defending his 5-year-old boxer. The pair managed to drive the pack away, but not before sustaining bite wounds. Before the attack, coyotes had killed the man's cats and attacked his neighbor's dog. After the attack, the man called animal control officers, who agreed to visit the man's home to discuss the matter the following morning.^[88]
• On Thursday, September 25, 2014, in Okatie, South Carolina, a person was bitten by a rabid coyote. It was the fourth coyote to test positive for rabies in Beaufort County in the year.^[89]
• On Saturday, October 4, 2014, about a mile and a half on a bicycle path from the Pleasant Hill Road entrance into Black River Wildlife Management Area a rabid yet apparently healthy coyote launched itself at a cyclist causing him to dismount. During the ensuing fight, which lasted about two or three minutes, he used the bicycle to defend himself and to attack the coyote, which launched approximately eight or nine bite attempts, including open-mouthed leaps at his face. At one moment he had to hold the bicycle and coyote off the ground with the coyote. He finally slammed the bicycle on the paw and the coyote ran off. Before the attack, the man was already tired from riding on the trail. After the attack, he was so tired that he wouldn't have been able to fight much longer, and had difficulty fleeing due to exhaustion, coyote-mangled bicycle tires, and fear not letting him rest. He was not bitten, but began precautionary treatment for rabies because of the coyote's saliva on his skin. Later that day, another park visitor had been approached by the coyote, and another cyclist was bitten on the leg. The next day, they coyote was killed in a fight with a hunter, who was bitten.^[90]
• On Sunday, October 5, 2014, at 12:55PM, in Black River Wildlife Management Area in Chester Township, NJ, a hunter was bitten by a rabid coyote. The hunter killed the animal before police and Fish and Wildlife officers could arrive. The coyote tested positive for rabies. Two days before the attack, a cyclist had been bitten and another attacked.^[90]
• On Tuesday, October 14, 2014, at about 9PM, while walking on a street in a wooded residential area of Clinton, Connecticut, a 35-year-old man was attacked by a canid, probably a coyote, but possibly a coywolf. The animal leaped up and bit him severely on the face. Before the attack, coyotes had been detected in the area. After the attack, the man was given 14 stitches to the left of his nose, began precautionary rabies treatments, and an appointment to return for evaluation for plastic surgery. The coyote was not found.^[91]
• On the morning of Monday, November 18, 2014, in Greenland, New Hampshire, a woman walking her retriever was attacked by a coyote in a field behind her house. The coyote was not seen until it charged, biting both. Her husband heard the commotion and drove his truck into the field and tried but failed to drive the animal away with it. He had a gun, but the coyote was too close to the pair to aim at it, so he shot into the air trying but failing to scare it away. The dog was being credited with finally driving the animal off, although the dog was bitten many times. After the attack, the woman and dog were given medical treatment for multiple coyote bites, and both she and her husband started precautionary rabies treatments. Before the attack, coyotes had been often heard, but not often seen in the area.^[92]
• On December 25, 2014, just after 6PM, in Fremont, California, the leg of a man walking his children to his car outside a home was bitten by an unhealthy-looking coyote. The man and the children escaped into the house. The man was treated at the hospital. After the attack, a boy was bitten by the coyote about a block away, but saved by his father, and then a jogger on a nearby street was chased by the coyote which ran away when kicked, and police arrived, shot the coyote, and sent the body to be tested for rabies.^[93]
• On January 5, 2015, in Groveland, Massachusetts two men were attacked outside their houses. One of them had his four-year-old daughter with him.^[94]
• On January 20, 2015, in a residential area of Kensington, San Diego, California a woman was attacked while jogging. While trying to run away, she was bitten on the leg. She then stopped and shouted and acted threateningly toward the animal, and it eventually ran off. After the attack, the bite wound was treated at the hospital and she began precautionary rabies treatments, the authorities stated the animal was a threat and were planning to remove it from the neighborhood.^[95]
• On April 6, 2015, a man was bitten on the calf by a coyote on the three-acre property outside his home in Saddle River, New Jersey. Earlier, the coyote had attacked a Labrador Retriever and left seven dead pups in the area. Initially, the man scared off the coyote, but when his back was turned, it bit him from behind. Authorities tracked and killed the animal, which tested positive for rabies.^[96][97]
• On July 11, 2016, a rabid coyote bit a person at Leita Thompson Memorial Park in Roswell, Georgia.^[98][99]
• On July 27, 2016, a coyote bit a fifty-three-year-old man in Manchester, New Jersey's Pow Mia Memorial Park. The man was taken to Ocean Medical Center in Brick, where doctors stitched up his wounds.^[100]
• On August 7, 2016, a woman was bitten by a coyote while walking her dog outside the Cowesett Hills apartment complex in Warwick, Rhode Island.^[101]
• On August 8, 2016, a rabid coyote bit a man who was walking in the woods with his two daughters in Lincoln, Pennsylvania.^[102]
• On October 2, 2016, a coyote bit two women and a domesticated dog in Wolcott, New York.^[103]
• On November 30, 2016, two neighborhood residents, a dog, and a trapper were bitten by a possibly rabid coyote in Ossining, New York.^[104][105]
• On January 11, 2017, a possibly rabid coyote bit a sixty-six-year-old man who walked with two other adults and their domestic dogs along the Columbia Trail in Long Valley, New Jersey. The man, who was bit on the buttocks and calf, fended it with a stick and police officers subsequently euthanized the animal.^[106]
• On February 27, 2017, a rabid coyote bit a man while jogging in Roswell, Georgia. While a neighbor called for the emergency number, the man pinned the animal to the ground for twenty minutes until paramedics came to his aid. He went to hospital for rabies treatment.^[107]
• On August 1, 2017, a coyote chased a woman who was riding a bicycle at Holmes Lake in Lincoln, Nebraska.^[108]
• On August 4, 2017, a coyote stalked a woman to the fence line to her house in Lakeview, New York. She subsequently shared photos of the animal as a warning to her neighbors.^[109]

Coyote attacks on adults in Canada:

• On February 10, 2010 in Saint-Charles, New Brunswick, a woman brought her puppy on leash outside in the middle of the night to relieve himself, when a coyote suddenly appeared and made for the dog. The woman tossed the puppy about ten feet away to save it, and the coyote turned on her. The pair fought for more than ten minutes until the woman managed to land a left hook to the jaw, and the animal finally ran off. The woman was not seriously injured, although she needed a bandage on the knuckles of her left hand and a tetanus shot.^[110]
• In September, 2012, in Kamloops, British Columbia, a man on a bicycle was attacked by a coyote and forced to stop and fend it off. He used his bicycle to defend himself and stood his ground and behaved aggressively and the coyote soon ran off.^[111]
• On May 21, 2013, in Kamloops, British Columbia, a coyote attacked a camper in a sleeping bag, but he was not in a tent. The man drove himself to the hospital to get his wounds stitched. The coyote was described as somewhat large and healthy-looking. Conservation officers began hunting for the coyote.^[112]
• On December 11, 2013, in Summerland, British Columbia, a pack of three coyotes surrounded and attacked a woman walking her friend's Labradoodle. Although her heavy winter coat took most of the damage, she suffered defensive wounds to the left hand. As a result of this attack, authorities began a cull of area coyotes.^[113]
• On January 20, 2014, in Markham, Ontario, two women were bitten by wild canids. Coyotes were suspected.^[114]
• On Monday June 23, 2014, at about 4:00PM, in a residential area Thornhill, Ontario, two women were attacked by two wild canids, thought to be coyotes, coywolves, or coydogs, or lupine feral dogs, biting one of them on the leg and the other on the hip. Both were treated for injuries and began preventive treatment for rabies. Earlier that day, in a nearby area, the same two coyotes had tried to attack at least three other people who escaped into their houses and called police, who arrived and shot at the animals, driving them off while perhaps wounding one of them. At last report, the animals had not been caught, and officials had cancelled city-run outdoor activities and were advising residents to be careful when venturing outdoors, especially with children or domesticated animals.^[115][116]
• On Saturday, July 19, 2014, at about 4:00pm, outside her home in Gravenhurst, Ontario, a woman was exercising her two American Bulldogs when the female dog, which had a neurological disorder, was attacked by an eastern coyote. The woman than attacked the wild dog, but it fought her off and returned to attack the dog three times. Then, the male dog managed to slip its collar and chase off the coyote. The woman suffered multiple tooth drags and scratches. After the attack, the doctor ordered the woman to begin a series of painful rabies treatments, and had difficulty determining which authority or authorities to properly file a report to, and the neighbors began carrying clubs when outdoors. Before the attack, the wild animal had been following them for a short time.^[117]
• On January 31, 2017, three coyotes attacked a man who took his dog for a walk in Alliston, Ontario. The man's dog was able to fend off the coyotes. Neither the man or his dog had any serious injuries.^[118]
• On May 13, 2017, a man went on a bicycle ride at Country Hills Golf Club in Calgary, Alberta fended off an aggressive coyote that attacked another man's dog with his bicycle and subsequently escorted them away from the assault.^[119]
• On May 19, 2017, morning, two coyotes attacked a man who took his dog for a walk in Calgary, Alberta. While the man avoided injury, the small dog was killed.^[120] That afternoon, a walker suffered another attack around 4:30pm. It seems that yet another attack had occurred the Saturday before, likely by the same pair of animals.^[121] The animals have been observed in the small pocket of green (51.149373, -114.089617) for a couple of years, and to feed from a golf clubhouse nearby. So far, city officials have chosen just to close the walking path instead of relocating the aggressive animals from that limited habitat, despite the threat to golfers and a community children play ground just 900m away.

See also

• Death of Azaria Chamberlain
• Death of Kenton Joel Carnegie
• List of wolf attacks in North America

References