Bronx River Parkway

Bronx River Parkway
Map of southeastern New York with Bronx River Parkway highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by NYSDOT and Westchester County
Length:	19.12 mi[1][2] (30.77 km)
Existed:	1908 – present
History:	Completed in 1952
Tourist routes:	New York State Scenic Byway
Restrictions:	No commercial vehicles
Major junctions
South end:	Story Avenue in Soundview
	I-278 in Soundview I-95 in West Farms US 1 / Pelham Parkway in Bronx Park Mosholu Parkway in Bronx Park Cross County Parkway in Yonkers Sprain Brook Parkway in Bronxville
North end:	Taconic State Parkway in North Castle
Location
Counties:	Bronx, Westchester
Highway system
New York Highways Interstate U.S. State Reference Parkways

The Bronx River Parkway (sometimes abbreviated as the Bronx Parkway) is a 19.12-mile (30.77 km) long parkway in downstate New York in the United States. It is named for the nearby Bronx River, which it parallels. The southern terminus of the parkway is at Story Avenue near Bruckner Expressway in the Bronx neighborhood of Soundview. The northern terminus is at the Kensico Circle in North Castle, Westchester County, where the parkway connects to the Taconic State Parkway and, via a short connector, New York State Route 22 (NY 22). Within the Bronx, the parkway is maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation and is designated New York State Route 907H (NY 907H), an unsigned reference route. In Westchester County, the parkway is maintained by the Westchester County Department of Public Works and is designated unsigned County Route 9987 (CR 9987).

Most of the exits on the parkway, including the traffic light-controlled intersections in Westchester County, have interchange numbers. The term "Bronx River Parkway" originally referred to the Bronx River Reservation, New York's first linear park, of which the road is a portion, from the Bronx–Westchester county line to Kensico Dam Plaza. Current usage of the term is confined to the roadway, but extends it to the portion which now continues southward beyond the Reservation.^[3]

Route description

The southern third of the parkway, in the Bronx, is exclusively limited-access. It serves as a commuter route, intersecting several major east-west routes. Halfway through the borough it begins to closely parallel the Harlem Line of Metro-North Railroad, a pairing which continues to the road's northern terminus.

In Westchester County, the road continues to have the same character until the Sprain Brook Parkway splits off at Bronxville, allowing most through traffic to bypass White Plains. The stretches north of that junction have more of the original park character, and are still used that way. North of White Plains the exits take the form of at-grade intersections with traffic lights.

The Bronx

The parkway begins at Story Avenue in the Bronx neighborhood of Soundview, where two roadways merge near Metcalf and Morrison Avenues. Immediately to the north is the cloverleaf interchange at the Bruckner Expressway (Interstate 278 or I-278), where most traffic enters the parkway.^[4] Basketball courts and baseball fields flank the highway in the strip of parkland as the road leads to the north, slightly northwestward. North of Watson Avenue, within a half-mile (1 km) of the southern terminus, an on-ramp carries northbound traffic from Metcalf. The corresponding offramp for southbound traffic merges onto Harrod Avenue north of Westchester Avenue.^[5]

Signage at Exits 5 and 6

Now in West Farms, another onramp joins the southbound lanes from East 174th Street. North of it is exit 4, the interchange with the Cross Bronx Expressway (I-95). The single ramp of exit 5 allows southbound traffic to follow East 177th Street to the northern terminus of the Sheridan Expressway (I-895) and the Triborough Bridge.^[5] North of the interchange the road veers to the northeast slightly and crosses the railroad tracks of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor line.^[6] At East 180th Street, the linear park ends temporarily. The road becomes elevated to cross the East 180th Street Yard along the former IRT White Plains Road Line, which carries the 2 and 5 subways.^[7] After crossing the yard, wooded surroundings resume as the parkway follows the eastern edge of the Bronx Zoo in the Bronx Park neighborhood and the Bronx River, which gives the road its name, begins to follow it on the west.^[8] On the northbound side, as it enters the park, is an unnumbered exit allowing authorized vehicles (like those of people working at the NYC Parks Department) access to local streets via Birchall Avenue.^[9]

Bronx River Parkway southbound at exit 10C

A quarter-mile to the north is the main exit for the zoo at Boston Road, with access to Boston Road (U.S. Route 1 or US 1 northbound) for northbound traffic, then the full cloverleaf at Pelham Parkway, where traffic can join US 1 southbound on Fordham Road. Past the exit the large wooded area on the west is the New York Botanical Garden,^[8] a National Historic Landmark (NHL).^[10] One half-mile (1 km) further north, exit 8 allows access to the Mosholu Parkway and Allerton Avenue.^[11] At the next exit, Gun Hill Road, the Williamsbridge station serving that neighborhood on Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, which closely parallels the parkway from this point on, is located immediately west of the highway.^[12] The railroad tracks join the river and the parkland in paralleling the road north as it continues straight along the east edge of Woodlawn Cemetery,^[13] another NHL.^[14]

Almost a mile and a half (2.4 km) to the north, the Woodlawn station is located at the northeast corner of the cemetery next to the East 233rd Street exit.^[15] The highway bends left and then right again, crossing the river and the railroad, near the split along the tracks between the Harlem and New Haven lines immediately north of the station. After the curves, the Bronx River Parkway crosses the county line into Westchester County at the McLean Avenue/Nereid Avenue overpass and leaves the Bronx.^[16]

Westchester County

Once across the county line the parkway is in Yonkers, close to its boundary with Mount Vernon.^[17] A southbound exit, 10C, serves Bronx River Road at Wakefield Avenue near that train station a quarter-mile (500 m) north of the county line, even though the station is in the Bronx and the Harlem Line enters Westchester north of it.^[18] Northound traffic has 10A, for Mount Vernon Avenue and Yonkers Avenue at the Mount Vernon West station three-quarters of a mile (1.21 km) to the north.^[19] Another southbound exit, 10B, serves Bronx River Road just to the north at its Mile Square Road and Winfred Avenue intersections.^[4] The park widens around the highway as it bends slightly, heading even more to the northeast. Just past this is exit 11, the Cross County Parkway, where the road swings toward the east to allow space for the complex of onramps that also allow access to Broad Street and the Fleetwood station.^[20] A half-mile north of that junction, the parkland and the roadway narrow as Bronxville becomes the community on the opposite side of the Bronx River.^[21]

The road then turns sharply to the northwest, away from the Harlem Line. Vehicles continuing are now on the Sprain Brook Parkway, for which this is the southern terminus; traffic for the BRP must exit. The exit numbers reset; the new exit 1, Paxton Avenue in Bronxville, is on the northbound lanes just north of the split (exit 1A allows southbound traffic to leave the parkway for Desmond Avenue just before merging). Exit 2, West Pondfield Road, also northbound-only, is a thousand feet (300 m) to the north as the highway curves around downtown Bronxville to the east. Here, the road runs though the Armour Villa neighborhood until it runs under the Tuckahoe Road bridge. Almost a mile (1.6 km) separates it from the next exit, at Elm Street in Tuckahoe. The park continues to parallel the parkway, with paved bike paths and a large pond. A thousand feet to the north, Scarsdale Road is the first at-grade interchange, and the parkway then turns sharply to the east, then back to the northeast more gradually. Exit 8, Thompson Street, serves the nearby Crestwood station as the Harlem Line's tracks begin to parallel the road again. Another three-quarter mile north, after the road has resumed its northeast course, comes the next at-grade exit, Leewood Drive, on the northbound side.

A quarter-mile (500 m) to the north are abandoned parking lots on both sides that were once gas stations. One-tenth of a mile (150 m) to the north, the roadways diverge and the river runs between them. Just beyond this is another at-grade interchange, Strathmore and Harney roads. The roadways remain apart through a wooded section as they curve westward for the next three-quarter mile, returning to the highway's northeastern heading as it leaves Yonkers and briefly enters Greenburgh south of the southbound Ardsley Road exit east of downtown Scarsdale. Just after it curves eastward again and crosses the Harlem Line, entering Scarsdale, northbound traffic can enter and exit at Crane Road and East Parkway. In the next 2.2-mile (3.5 km) stretch, there are exits for Ogden and Butler roads from the northbound lanes. Fenimore Road, just east of the Hartsdale and its train station, is a northbound exit with southbound entry. Just to its north, southbound traffic can exit onto Greenacres Avenue. The parkway begins heading even more to the northeast, the tracks immediately adjacent, past northbound exits for River and Claremont roads.

Just north of the latter exit, the highway enters White Plains, the Westchester county seat. After the northbound Walworth crossing exit, it turns northwest across the river and the tracks and then resumes its northeasterly course. A half-mile (1 km) north it reaches the Main Street (NY 119) northbound exit/southbound entrance, just west of the White Plains station on the west side of heavily developed downtown White Plains. It bends north and then northwest to the first of several at-grade intersections with traffic lights, also signed and numbered as exits, with Central Avenue (NY 100), at the Westchester County Center. From here parkway traffic is also directed toward the nearby Cross-Westchester Expressway (I-287) via NY 119, as the parkway has no direct interchange with it.

The two roadways once again diverge, becoming almost 400 feet (120 m) apart in the half-mile (1 km) before they converge again as they reach the Old Tarrytown Road intersection just north of the expressway. Beyond it the parkway goes due north before curving slightly into the Fisher Lane intersection just west of the last Metro-North station along the parkway, North White Plains. The Maryton and Virginia Road intersections follow, spaced roughly a thousand feet (300 m) apart. Another thousand feet from that intersection, the highway turns to the northeast again as the roadways diverge and cross the Harlem Line and the Bronx River for the last time. Northbound traffic has the last exit, exit 27, onto Washington Avenue. Kensico Dam is visible in the distance as the parkway reaches its northern terminus at Kensico Circle, southern terminus of the Taconic State Parkway, also listed on the Register.

A seven-mile (11 km) section of the Bronx River Parkway in Westchester County south of White Plains is closed to motorist traffic from 10 AM to 2 PM select Sundays in May, June and September (with the exception of Memorial and Labor Day weekends), allowing bicyclists to venture along the scenic road. Another section north of the one reserved for bicyclists is reserved for inline skating.^[22]

History

Plaque marks original south end

Original section with median

Original section north of the above

Construction began in Westchester County in 1907, making it the earliest limited-access automobile highway to start construction.^[23] However, although construction on the Long Island Motor Parkway began a year later, a section of the Long Island road opened for traffic before the end of 1908, opening before the Bronx River as the first limited access automobile highway to be put into use.^[24] Neither was up to modern freeway standards, utilizing left turns across the opposing direction at access points.^[24][25]

The Bronx River Parkway was the first highway to utilize a median strip to separate the opposing lanes, the first highway constructed through a park, and the first highway where intersecting streets crossed over bridges.^[26][27]

The Westchester section of the Bronx River Parkway first opened to traffic in 1922 and was completed in 1925.^[28][29] A new roadway in the New York City borough of the Bronx including an extension south of the former Botanical Gardens/Burke Avenue terminus opened in 1951.^[30] That extension diverges eastward from the river.

From 1953 to 1955, a 2.6-mile (4.2 km) segment of the parkway between Bronxville and the Bronx was closed to straighten and widen the road. During this reconstruction period, a new overpass was also built for the Cross County Parkway.^[31][32][33]

Late exit modifications

During the 1960s and since then an entrance and exit on the northbound side between current exits 5 and 6 in the Bronx, and an associated U-turn from southbound to northbound, formerly open to general traffic, were reserved for official use by police and the Parks Dept. which maintains an office there. This was around the time other U-turns were being eliminated from various parkways in New York City.

A gas station in the wide median between Bronx exits 7 and 8, north of the pedestrian overpass to the Botanical Garden, was closed due to fire in the early 1980s and has since been razed and the median relandscaped.^[34] Of a pair of former gas stations on the outer margins of the roadway in Westchester near Crestwood, the southbound one is currently being used as a Westchester County Police Sub-Station, and the northbound used only as a tourist information stand.^[35]

The interchange with the Cross County Parkway did not provide direct access to and from both directions of the latter until extra ramps and an extra overpass were provided beginning in the 1970s. The original interchange is now exit 11W.

In 2009 the northbound exit ramp to Oak St., Yonkers was replaced by an exit to Yonkers Ave., a block to the south.

Truncation and extension

The Bronx River Parkway originally went beyond its northern terminus at Kensico Circle to NY Route 22 northbound. Today, the most obvious route through the circle leads motorists directly to and from the Taconic State Parkway, and the way to NY 22 northbound is considered to be a little spur off the circle. This spur from the Kensico Circle to NY 22 is unsigned CR 68. Prior to heightened security measures enacted post-September 11 motorists could take the road that leads towards NY 22 and then drive across the top of the Kensico Dam and eventually re-connect with the Taconic State Parkway.^[36]

An extension from the southern terminus in the Bronx into Soundview Park was proposed until the 1970s.

Westchester designation

The southernmost portion of the parkway in Westchester, south of the Sprain, is internally designated as NY 907G, an unsigned reference route,^[37] in apparent violation of the numbering standard. Ordinarily, the second digit should be the region. New York City and Long Island, regions 10 and 11, share 0; Westchester is region 8 (the Hutchinson River Parkway also shares this oddity). The section south of here is marked only with reference markers, and the section north only with county mileposts. This middle section has county mileposts in the middle, and reference markers with state mileposts (counting from the southern terminus in the Bronx, not the city line) alongside. However, Reference Route 907G is no longer listed in the NYSDOT traffic counts^[1] and the entirety of the parkway in the county is considered a county route by Westchester County.^[38]

The parkway was documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in 2001. Drawings and photographs from the documentation project were made available through the Westchester County Archives, winning an award of excellence from the Lower Hudson Conference.^[39]

Exit list

County	Location	mi[1][2][40]	km	Exit	Destinations	Notes
The Bronx	Soundview	0.00	0.00	1	Story Avenue – Soundview Park	At-grade intersection
		0.10– 0.50	0.16– 0.80	2E	I-278 east (Bruckner Expressway) – Throgs Neck Bridge, New England	No northbound exit
				2W	I-278 west (Bruckner Expressway) / Watson Avenue – RFK Bridge	No southbound access to Watson Avenue
	West Farms	0.60	0.97	3	Westchester Avenue	Southbound exit only
		0.70	1.13	–	East 174th Street	Southbound entrance only
		0.80	1.29	4	I-95 (Cross Bronx Expressway) – Throgs Neck Bridge, New Haven, CT, George Washington Bridge
		1.10	1.77	5	East 177th Street to I-895 (Sheridan Expressway) – Robert F. Kennedy Bridge	Southbound exit only; other movements via exit 4
	Bronx Park	2.10	3.38	6	Boston Road to US 1 north – Bronx Zoo
		2.20– 2.60	3.54– 4.18	7	Pelham Parkway east / US 1 south (Fordham Road)	Signed as exits 7E (east) and 7W (south); west end of Pelham Parkway
		2.90– 3.20	4.67– 5.15	8	Mosholu Parkway north / Allerton Avenue east	Signed as exits 8E (east) and 8W (north); south end of Mosholu Parkway
	Williamsbridge	4.00	6.44	9	Gun Hill Road
	Woodlawn	5.00– 5.50	8.05– 8.85	10	East 233rd Street – Woodlawn Station
Westchester	Yonkers	5.95	9.58	10C	Bronx River Road – Yonkers, Bronx	Southbound exit and entrance
		6.50– 6.80	10.46– 10.94	10A	Yonkers Avenue – Yonkers, Mount Vernon	Northbound exit and entrance
		6.95	11.18	10B	Bronx River Road – Yonkers	Southbound exit and entrance
		7.30– 8.10	11.75– 13.04	11	Cross County Parkway – Mount Vernon, Yonkers, South Yonkers	Signed as exits 11E (east) and 11W (west)
		8.40	13.52	–	Sprain Brook Parkway north to Taconic State Parkway	Northbound exit and southbound entrance; southern terminus of the Sprain Parkway
		8.50	13.68	1A	Desmond Avenue – Yonkers	Southbound exit and northbound entrance
		8.70	14.00	1	Paxton Avenue – Bronxville	No southbound exit
		8.90	14.32	2	West Pondfield Road – Bronxville, Yonkers	Northbound exit only
		9.75	15.69	3	Elm Street – Tuckahoe	Northbound exit and entrance
		9.90	15.93	4	Scarsdale Road – Crestwood, Tuckahoe	At-grade intersection
		10.15	16.33	6	Read Avenue – Crestwood	No entrance ramps
		10.40	16.74	8	Thompson Street – Crestwood, Crestwood Station	Northbound exit and entrance
		10.60	17.06		Vermont Terrace – Crestwood	Southbound exit and entrance
		11.20	18.02	9	Leewood Drive – Eastchester	At-grade intersection except northbound exit
		11.90	19.15	10	Strathmore Road / Harney Road – Yonkers, Eastchester	At-grade intersection
	Greenville	12.60	20.28	11	Ardsley Road – Greenburgh, Yonkers, Scarsdale	Southbound exit and entrance
	Scarsdale	12.90	20.76	12	Crane Road / East Parkway – Scarsdale	No southbound entrance
		13.30	21.40	13	Ogden Road – Scarsdale	Northbound exit and entrance
		13.80	22.21	14	Butler Road – Scarsdale	Northbound exit and entrance
		14.10	22.69	15	Fenimore Road / East Hartsdale Avenue – Scarsdale, Hartsdale, Greenburgh	Northbound exit and southbound entrance
		14.50	23.34	16	Greenacres Avenue – Scarsdale	Southbound exit only
		15.10	24.30	17	River Road – Scarsdale	Northbound entrance only
		15.20	24.46	18	Claremont Road – Scarsdale	Northbound exit and entrance
	White Plains	15.40	24.78	19	Walworth Crossing – White Plains, Scarsdale	Northbound exit and entrance
		16.00– 16.40	25.75– 26.39	21	To NY 119 – White Plains	No northbound entrance
		16.50	26.55	22	To NY 100 / NY 119 – White Plains	At-grade intersection
		17.20	27.68	23	Old Tarrytown Road – Greenburgh	At-grade intersection
		17.80	28.65	24	Fisher Lane – Greenburgh, North Castle	At-grade intersection
		18.10	29.13	25	Parkway Homes Road – Greenburgh, North Castle	At-grade intersection
		18.40	29.61	26	Virginia Road – Greenburgh, North Castle	At-grade intersection
		18.80	30.26	27	Washington Street North – Valhalla	Northbound exit and entrance
	North Castle	19.12	30.77	–	Taconic State Parkway north / NY 22 north / Broadway – Albany, North Castle, Kensico Dam Plaza, Chappaqua	Kensico Circle; south end of Taconic Parkway
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Incomplete access

See also

• List of county routes in Westchester County, New York
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Bronx County, New York
• National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Westchester County, New York
• National Register of Historic Places listings in southern Westchester County, New York

References

Further reading

• Wiederholz, Christian (September 2016). "Hidden Marvel" (PDF). Modern Steel Construction. 56 (9): 32–35. Retrieved 2016-10-10. 

External links

Route map: Google

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bronx River Parkway.

• Bronx River Parkway at Alps' Roads
• Bronx River Parkway
• The Bronx River Parkway Reservation Today
• Bronx River Parkway reservation
• Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. NY-327, "Bronx River Parkway Reservation, The Bronx to Kensico Dam, White Plains, Westchester County, NY"
• History of Scenic Road Programs - New York: Westchester County Parkways
• Bronx Parkway (Greater New York Roads)
• Bronx River Parkway (Jeff's Parkway Site, Photo Gallery)

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