County-level city
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County-level municipality County-level city | |||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 县级市 | ||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 縣級市 | ||||||
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| This article is part of a series on |
| Administrative divisions of China |
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Analogous county level units Management areas Management committee |
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Townships
Subdistricts County-controlled districts (pilot) |
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Analogous township level units Management areas Management committee Areas Farms area, Prison area, University towns etc. |
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History: before 1912, 1912–49, 1949–present Administrative division codes |
A county-level municipality (Chinese: 县级市), county-level city, or county city is a county-level administrative division of mainland China. County-level cities are usually governed by prefecture-level divisions, but a few are governed directly by province-level divisions. Formerly known as prefecture-controlled city (1949-1970: Chinese: 专辖市; 1970-1983: Chinese: 地辖市).
Most county-level cities were created in the 1980s and 1990s by replacing counties.
A county-level city is a "city" (Chinese: 市; pinyin: shì) and "county" (Chinese: 县; pinyin: xiàn) that have been merged into one unified jurisdiction. As such it is simultaneously a city, which is a municipal entity, and a county which is an administrative division of a prefecture.
County-level cities are not "cities" in the strictest sense of the word, since they usually contain rural areas many times the size of their urban, built-up area. This is because the counties that county-level cities have replaced are themselves large administrative units containing towns, villages, and farmland. To distinguish a "county-level city" from its actual urban area (the traditional meaning of the word "city"), the term 市区 shìqū, or "urban area", is used.
Comparable territorial divisions in other countries
In France, an equivalent of a county-level city is an agglomeration community.
While the idea of a "city" being a unit consisting of several "towns" is not a common one in English-speaking world, a somewhat similar naming convention is used for local government areas in some parts of Australia. For example, in New South Wales such a unit may often be called a "city" (rather than a traditional "shire"), and consist of "towns". E.g. City of Blue Mountains is made of a number of towns (Katoomba, Springwood, etc.).
Another example would be "municipal government" in the Canadian province of Ontario. Small municipalities (cities) and towns, along with urban, sub-urban and rural areas were merged or integrated into a "super" area, in part to obtain economies in administrative overhead by not having for each city and town individual library commissions, fire fighting units, health care, and other social services common to all areas. So for example, there has been for less than 10 years the "Municipality of Chatham-Kent" wherein the Corporation of the City of Chatham serves as the "seat" for the newly Chatham-Kent merged municipality. This agglomeration includes all of the "townships" in the county of Kent, with cities and towns like Wallaceberg, Thamesville, Dresden, Wheatley. This "amalgamation" as it is referred to, was controversial when it was essentially "forced" upon the constituents through provincial legislation.
Today, instead of each city having its own mayor and city councillors, there is a council with representatives from the various areas surrounding Chatham city.
County-Level City List
As of April 2017, there are 366 County-level cities in total:
Sub-prefecture-level cities
A sub-prefecture-level city is a county-level city with powers approaching those of prefecture-level cities. Examples include, Xiantao (Hubei), Qianjiang (Hubei), Tianmen (Hubei) and Jiyuan (Henan).
See also
- Administrative divisions of China
- Counties of the People's Republic of China
- Prefecture-level city
- List of cities in China