Neoaves

Neoavians
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous – Holocene, 75–0 Ma

[1]

Common starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Infraclass: Neognathae
Clade: Neoaves
Sibley et al., 1988
Clades

Neoaves is a clade that consists of all modern birds (Neornithes or Aves) with the exception of Paleognathae (ratites and kin) and Galloanserae (ducks, chickens and kin). The early diversification of the various neoavian groups occurred very rapidly around the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event,[2] and attempts to resolve their relationships with each other have resulted initially in much controversy.[3][4]

Phylogeny

One hypothesis for the phylogeny of modern birds was presented by Prum, R.O. et al. (2015)[5] The following cladogram illustrates the proposed relationships, with some taxon names following Yury, T. et al. (2013).[6]

Neoaves


Strisores (hummingbirds and relatives)



Columbaves

Otidimorphae


Musophagiformes (turacos)


Otidiformes (bustards)

Cuculiformes (cuckoos)




Columbimorphae


Columbiformes (pigeons)




Mesitornithiformes (mesites)

Pteroclidiformes (sandgrouses)


Gruiformes (rails and cranes)

Aequorlitornithes


Mirandornithes


Phoenicopteriformes (flamingos)

Podicipediformes (grebes)

Charadriiformes (waders and relatives)

Eurypygimorphae


Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds)

Eurypygiformes (sunbittern and kagu)

Aequornithes (waterbirds)




Inopinaves


Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)


Telluraves

Afroaves

Accipitrimorphae


Cathartiformes (New World vultures)

Accipitriformes (hawks and relatives)


Strigiformes (owls)


Coraciimorphae


Coliidae (mouse birds)


Eucavitaves


Leptosomatiformes (cuckoo roller)


Cavitaves


Trogoniformes (trogons)


Picocoraciae


Bucerotiformes (hornbills and relatives)


Coraciformes (kingfishers and relatives)

Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)









Australaves


Cariamiformes (seriemas)


Eufalconimorphae


Falconiformes (falcons)


Psittacopasserae


Psittaciformes (parrots)

Passeriformes (passerines)











References

  1. ↑ Van Tuinen M. (2009) Birds (Aves). In The Timetree of Life, Hedges SB, Kumar S (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 409–411.
  2. ↑ Claramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. (2015). "A new time tree reveals Earth history’s imprint on the evolution of modern birds". Sci Adv. 1 (11). PMC 4730849 Freely accessible. PMID 26824065. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501005.
  3. ↑ Mayr G. (2011) Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49:58-76.
  4. ↑ Matzke, A. et al. (2012) Retroposon insertion patterns of neoavian birds: strong evidence for an extensive incomplete lineage sorting era Mol. Biol. Evol.
  5. ↑ Prum, R.O. et al. (2015) A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. Nature 526, 569–573.
  6. ↑ Yuri et al. (2013) Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology, 2(1):419-444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419
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