Copiah County, Mississippi

Copiah County, Mississippi
Map of Mississippi highlighting Copiah County
Location in the U.S. state of Mississippi
Map of the United States highlighting Mississippi
Mississippi's location in the U.S.
Founded 1823
Seat Hazlehurst
Largest city Crystal Springs
Area
 • Total 779 sq mi (2,018 km2)
 • Land 777 sq mi (2,012 km2)
 • Water 2.2 sq mi (6 km2), 0.36\%
Population
 • (2010) 29,449
 • Density 38/sq mi (15/km²)
Congressional district 2nd
Time zone Central: UTC-6/-5
Website www.copiahcounty.org

Copiah County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, the population was 29,449.[1] The county seat is Hazlehurst.[2]

With an eastern border formed by the Pearl River, Copiah County is part of the Jackson, MS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

Copiah, from a Choctaw Indian word meaning calling panther, was organized in 1823 as Mississippi's 18th county. In the year of county organization, Walter Leake served as governor and James Monroe as President of the United States. In 2004 Calling Panther Lake, commemorating this name, was opened up just West and North of Crystal Springs near the Jack and New Zion community.

Soon after the Choctaw Indians relinquished their claims to this land in 1819 and the legislature formed Copiah County in 1823, Elisha Lott, a Methodist minister who had worked among the Indians, brought his family from Hancock County to a location near the present site of Crystal Springs. When the New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern Railroad built in the area in 1858, a new town was created about a mile and a half west of the old settlement. The new settlement took the name Crystal Springs and the old settlement became Old Crystal Springs.

William J. Willing's home was the first to be built in the new town, and Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy, once made a speech from the front yard. Ozious Osborne owned the first merchandise store on a corner of his residence lot on south Jackson Street. This lot later became the Merchants Grocery Company's site.

The development of cotton agriculture in the county was based on slave labor, and the population was majority black before the Civil War.

The first church built was the Methodist in 1860 in Hazelhurst.[3] It was followed by the Baptist in 1861, Presbyterian in 1870. Trinity Episcopal was built in 1882, during a growth in the US Episcopal Church. After the American Civil War, most freedmen withdrew from white churches to establish their own independent congregations, setting up state associations of Baptists by the end of the nineteenth century.

The county expanded its production of commercial vegetable crops, known as truck farming, in the 19th and 20th centuries. Crystal Springs developed as one of the largest tomato shipping centers. Its commercial farming started in 1870 when the first shipment of peaches, grown by James Sturgis, was shipped to New Orleans and Chicago markets. Tomatoes were still known as "love apples" when N. Piazza imported seeds from Italy, and with help from S. H. Stackhouse, began scientific cultivation of tomato plants. With the help of German immigrant Augustus Lotterhos, the industry achieved success. In 1878, Lotterhos pooled the products of a number of tomato growers and shipped the first boxcar load to Denver, Colorado.[4][5][6]

In the 1960s, Hazlehurst and Crystal Springs were centers of civil rights activism in the southwest part of the state. In addition to working with the Freedom Democratic Party in 1964 on voter registration and education, they organized to make progress after passage of federal civil rights legislation in 1964 and 1965. With the aid of Rudy Shields, they organized armed groups of Deacons for Defense and Justice, to protect protesters working with the NAACP on boycotts of merchants in 1966 and 1967 in order to gain integration of public facilities and implement civil rights legislation. The Deacons for Defense had first been organized in Natchez in 1965 to protect African-American protesters, after considerable earlier violence in the state against protesters.[7]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 779 square miles (2,020 km2), of which 777 square miles (2,010 km2) is land and 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2) (0.3%) is water.[8]

Major highways

Adjacent counties

National protected area

Demographics

The mostly rural county has had two periods of marked losses of population during waves of the Great Migration of African Americans out of the rural South: from 1910 to 1920, and from 1940 to 1970. In the first period, most migrants went North, many to St. Louis or Chicago. In the second, they went West, particularly to California where the defense industry had many new jobs and federal policy created opportunities for African Americans in these fields.

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18307,001—
18408,95427.9%
185011,79431.7%
186015,39830.6%
187020,60833.8%
188027,55233.7%
189030,2339.7%
190034,39513.8%
191035,9144.4%
192028,672−20.2%
193031,61410.3%
194033,9747.5%
195030,493−10.2%
196027,051−11.3%
197024,749−8.5%
198026,5037.1%
199027,5924.1%
200028,7574.2%
201029,4492.4%
Est. 201628,482[9]−3.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
1790-1960[11] 1900-1990[12]
1990-2000[13] 2010-2013[1]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 29,449 people residing in the county. 50.9% were Black or African American, 46.3% White, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 1.6% of some other race and 0.8% of two or more races. 2.6% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

As of the census[14] of 2000, there were 28,757 people, 10,142 households, and 7,494 families residing in the county. The population density was 37 people per square mile (14/km²). There were 11,101 housing units at an average density of 14 per square mile (6/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 47.80% White, 50.95% Black or African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.46% from other races, and 0.54% from two or more races. 1.15% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 10,142 households out of which 34.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.70% were married couples living together, 20.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.10% were non-families. 23.60% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the county, the population was spread out with 26.90% under the age of 18, 12.50% from 18 to 24, 26.80% from 25 to 44, 21.10% from 45 to 64, and 12.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 92.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $26,358, and the median income for a family was $31,079. Males had a median income of $28,763 versus $20,104 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,408. About 22.00% of families and 25.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.20% of those under age 18 and 21.20% of those age 65 or over.

Tomato Festival

The county is known as a tomato and cabbage producing area, and for many years was called the "Tomato Capital of the World." Specifically, Crystal Springs was known as "The Tomato Capital of the World" because for a few years in the late 1930s it canned and shipped out via rail car more tomatoes than any other locale. Its predominance was disrupted by the onset of World War II but it kept the title.

In June 2000, the town revived celebration of an annual Tomato Festival, held on the last Saturday in June. It includes a tomato growing contest (with prizes for largest tomato, ugliest tomato, prettiest tomato, etc.), tomato tasting, farmers' market, vendor's booths, musical entertainment, 5K run and, of course, the crowning of the new Tomato Queen. The Tomato Festival was originally set up on Front Street.

The Friday night before the Tomato Festival, a Street Dance is held as the kick-off event. It is the night of the crowning of the Tomato Queen. Entertainment includes a live band, games and amusement rides for the kids, and food vendors. During the Street Dance, "BBQ and Blue Jeans" is sponsored by the Junior Auxiliary of Crystal Springs. They sell take-out containers filled with BBQ sandwiches, potato salad, baked beans and a dinner roll. This is the evening when other festival vendors start setting up their booths for the main day events. Vendors come from all over the U.S. to the festival every year to sell their wares, and provide games and amusement rides. A tomato museum at the Chautauqua Park Visitor's Center exhibits historical pictures, agricultural relics from the era, and examples of some of the shipping and canning labels.

Communities

Cities

Towns

Village

Unincorporated communities

Ghost town

Politics

Presidential Elections Results[15]
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2016 47.0% 6,103 51.9% 6,741 1.1% 138
2012 44.5% 6,282 54.9% 7,749 0.7% 92
2008 46.2% 6,701 53.2% 7,710 0.6% 91
2004 56.0% 6,374 43.5% 4,961 0.5% 58
2000 53.3% 5,643 45.8% 4,845 0.9% 99
1996 46.2% 4,138 49.3% 4,415 4.4% 397
1992 48.7% 4,600 46.5% 4,397 4.8% 452
1988 54.6% 5,100 44.7% 4,175 0.6% 59
1984 55.7% 5,806 44.1% 4,591 0.2% 19
1980 44.0% 4,461 54.4% 5,517 1.6% 162
1976 47.5% 4,108 49.4% 4,267 3.1% 271
1972 73.1% 5,498 24.0% 1,803 2.9% 219
1968 8.4% 704 32.5% 2,724 59.1% 4,951
1964 95.0% 4,506 5.0% 239
1960 21.1% 761 24.8% 896 54.2% 1,957
1956 16.8% 387 55.1% 1,270 28.1% 647
1952 42.7% 1,527 57.3% 2,050
1948 0.7% 19 3.4% 89 95.9% 2,523
1944 3.4% 85 96.6% 2,409
1940 2.1% 49 97.9% 2,335
1936 1.8% 45 98.1% 2,397 0.0% 1
1932 1.2% 28 98.7% 2,371 0.2% 4
1928 5.6% 161 94.4% 2,733
1924 2.0% 43 98.0% 2,087
1920 4.4% 60 94.6% 1,300 1.0% 14
1916 1.3% 20 98.2% 1,486 0.5% 7
1912 0.8% 10 94.8% 1,234 4.5% 58

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
  2. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. ↑ Cain, J.B. Hazelhurst Methodist Church, 1860-1960: A History of Hazelhurst Methodist Church. Nashville, Tenn.: Parthenon, n.d. 104 pp.
  4. ↑ James L. McCorkle, The Mississippi Vegetable Industry: A History, University of Mississippi, 1966.
  5. ↑ McCorkle, James L., Jr. "Nineteenth Century Beginnings of the Commercial Vegetable Industry in Mississippi." Journal of Mississippi History 30, no. 4 (Nov. 1968): 260-74
  6. ↑ McCorkle, James L. "Mississippi Truck Crops: An Exercise in Agrarian Organization," Mississippi Quarterly 33, no. 1 (Winter 1979-80): 55-77
  7. ↑ Ted Ownby, The Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi, Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2013, pp. 221-223
  8. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
  9. ↑ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  10. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
  11. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
  12. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
  13. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
  14. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  15. ↑ http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS

Coordinates: 31°52′N 90°26′W / 31.86°N 90.44°W / 31.86; -90.44

Adjacent places of Copiah County, Mississippi
 Hinds County
Claiborne County Simpson County
   Copiah County, Mississippi  
Jefferson County Lincoln County Lawrence County
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