Constitution of Tajikistan
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The Constitution of Tajikistan adopted on 6 November 1994 and amended by referendum on 26 September 1999 and 22 June 2003 is the supreme law of the Republic of Tajikistan (Article 10). Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan in 1999 established a new bicameral parliament (Article 48) and extended the President's term of office from five to seven years (Article 65). The Constitution declares ideological and political pluralism, ensuring human rights and social-legal guarantees.
Article 1
The Republic of Tajikistan is a sovereign, democratic, constitutional, secular, and unitary state.
Article 2
The state language of Tajikistan is the Tajik Persian language. The Russian language is a language for inter-ethnic communication. All national and ethnic groups residing on the territory of the republic may freely use their native language.
Article 4
The capital of Tajikistan is the city of Dushanbe.
Article 5
The life, the honor, the dignity, and other natural human rights are inviolable. Human rights and freedoms are recognized, observed, and protected by the state.
Article 8
Public life in Tajikistan develops on the basis of political and ideological pluralism. No single ideology, including a religious ideology, may be adopted as the ideology of the state.
Article 9
The state power is divided into legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
Article 11
Tajikistan implements a peace-loving policy, respects the sovereignty and independence of other states, determines its external policy on the basis of international norms. War propaganda is prohibited.
Article 12
The economy of Tajikistan is based on different forms of ownership. The state guarantees freedom of economic and entrepreneurial activity, equality of rights, and legal protection of all forms of ownership, including private property.
Article 13
The land, the mineral resources, the water, the air space, the animal and plant kingdom, and other natural resources are the exclusive property of the state, and the state guarantees their efficient use in the interest of the people.
Other chapters
- Chapter 2 (Articles 14-47) deals with human rights, freedoms, and basic duties of citizens and residents
- Chapter 3 (Articles 48-63) is devoted to the legislative branch (Majlisi Oli). According to the 1999 Constitution, Majlisi Oli (Supreme Assembly) consists of two chambers: Majlisi milli (National Assembly, the upper chamber) and Majlisi namoyandagon (Assembly of Representatives, the lower chamber).
- Chapter 4 (Articles 64-72) is devoted to the President. According to the 1999 Constitution, the President is elected for a term of 7 years in direct popular elections. A president may not serve more than two consecutive terms (Article 65 as amended in the June 2003 referendum).
- Chapter 5 (Articles 73-75) is devoted to the executive branch
- Chapter 6 (Articles 76-80) deals with local government
- Chapters 8 and 9 (Articles 84-97) deal with the judicial branch
References
- The Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, September 1999 (in Russian); the English version given on the official site is the old 1994 Constitution.
- The 1994 Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, in: Constitutions of the Participating Countries of the CIS, Russian Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law, Normal Publishing House, Moscow (2001), pp. 497-522. (in Russian)
- The 1994 Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, English translation (raw draft)
- Law of the Republic of Tajikistan: A Guide to Web Based Resources