List of monuments and memorials of the Confederate States of America

A typical statue (Statesboro, Georgia)

This is a list of Confederate monuments and memorials dedicated to the memory of those who served and died in service to the Confederate States during the American Civil War.

Many Confederate monuments were erected in the former Confederate states and border states in the decades following the Civil War, in many instances by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Ladies Memorial Associations, and other memorial organizations.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Other Confederate monuments are located on Civil War battlefields.[1]

New Confederate monuments continue to be proposed, and some have been built in recent years. In Arizona, a Sons of Confederate Veterans camp erected a Confederate monument in Phoenix in 1999[7] and Confederate heritage groups dedicated a Confederate memorial in Sierra Vista in 2010.[8] The Delaware Confederate Monument was unveiled in 2007 in Georgetown, Delaware.[9] In South Carolina in 2010, the Sons of Confederate Veterans have sought to erect a monument to mark the 150th anniversary of the passage of the Ordinance of Secession in December 1860, but the cities of Charleston and North Charleston have refused them permission.[10][11]

Many Confederate monuments are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, either separately or as contributing objects within listings of courthouses or historic districts.[12]

Confederate monuments are listed here alphabetically by state, and by city within each state:

Alabama

Montgomery

Arizona

In 2017, the presence of six monuments to the Confederacy were protested. These include a monument dedicated to Confederate Civil War veterans in Phoenix, Arizona and a historic plaque near Tucson, Arizona which commemorates the Battle of Picacho Pass.[16]

Monuments in Arizona include:

Arkansas

Star City Confederate Memorial is located on the town square adjacent to Star City Commercial Historic District in Star City. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Individual monuments and memorials

Robert E. Lee Monument in Marianna, the county seat of Lee County

Other

California

Delaware

Florida

Olustee

Georgia

Photos

Illinois

Kentucky

In 2017, removal of two Confederate memorials on the grounds of the Fayette County Courthouse in Lexington is being discussed. In November 2015, a committee, the Urban County Arts Review Board’s, voted to recommend removal of both the John Hunt Morgan Memorial and the John C. Breckinridge Memorial.[42]

Louisiana

New Orleans, Louisiana today (2017)

After nine black churchgoers were killed in a racially-motivated massacre in Charleston, S.C., the New Orleans City Council ordered the removal of statues of Confederate President Jefferson Davis; General Robert E. Lee, who resigned his U.S Army commission at the time of Virginia's secession and accepted command of the state's military forces; General Pierre G.T. Beauregard, who oversaw the Battle of Fort Sumter; and the Battle of Liberty Place Monument. Court challenges were unsuccessful. The workers who moved the monuments were dressed in bullet-proof vests, helmets, and masks to conceal their identities because of concerns about their safety;[46][47] according to Mayor Landrieu, "The original firm we’d hired to remove the monuments backed out after receiving death threats and having one of his cars set ablaze."[48] "The city said it was weighing where to display the monuments so they could be 'placed in their proper historical context from a dark period of American history."[49] On May 19, 2017, the Monumental Task Committee[50], an organization that maintains monuments and plaques across the city, commented on the removal of the statues: "Mayor Landrieu and the City Council have stripped New Orleans of nationally recognized historic landmarks. With the removal of four of our century-plus aged landmarks, at 299 years old, New Orleans now heads in to our Tricentennial more divided and less historic." Landrieu replied on the same day: "These statues are not just stone and metal. They are not just innocent remembrances of a benign history. These monuments purposefully celebrate a fictional, sanitized Confederacy; ignoring the death, ignoring the enslavement, and the terror that it actually stood for.”[51]

Maryland

Mississippi

Photos

Missouri

Montana

North Carolina

Silent Sam in Chapel Hill

Ohio

Camp Chase, Columbus

Pennsylvania

See the List of Confederate monuments at Gettysburg[64]

South Carolina

Orangeburg

Tennessee

Texas

Virginia

Richmond, Virginia, today (2017)

Mayor Levar Stoney of Charlottesville (2016-) commented on the matter while talking about the Robert E. Lee statue saying, "At the end of the day, the way those statues stand at the moment is a default endorsement of a shameful past that divided the nation. And to me, it defies my mission of one Richmond. You, I want to be a city that is tolerant, inclusive, and embraces its diversity, and those statues without contest do not do that".[76]

Charlottesville, Virginia, today (2017)

In May 2017, the City Council of Charlottesville voted to remove and sell its statue of the Confederate general Robert E. Lee.[77] The removal has been halted for six months by a court injunction, in response to a suit by the Sons of Confederate Veterans.[78] Self-proclaimed white nationalist Richard B. Spencer led "a large group of demonstrators" carrying torches protesting this plan, which has played "an outsize role in this year's race for Virginia governor,"[79] in which Stewart is a candidate. White supremacists and "nationalist" groups demonstrated in Charlottesville in favor of preserving the statues. On May 15, 2017, Richard Spencer[80] led a white nationalist group around the Robert E. Lee statue. They rallied in support of the statues for, in their view, the "Confederacy is what represents us"[81]. Lieutenant Governor Ralph Northam commented on the appearance of nationalist and supremacist groups, saying via email, "These actions are totally unacceptable. These people are racists. They don't represent Virginian values. I condemn their action and beliefs. I call on all Virginians who are involved in efforts to advocate for or against Virginia's history to act responsibly and honorably."[82] Mayor Stoney called it "one of the most overt acts of racism I've seen in a very, very long time."[83]

On July 8, 2017, about 50 Ku Klux Klan members, demonstrating in support of the monument, were met by over 1,000 counter-demonstrators. Tear gas was used against the counter-demonstrators, to allow the Klan members to leave safely.[84] Another protest from white nationalists in support of the monuments took place on August 11.[85][86]

Photos

West Virginia

Brazil

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Civil War Monuments, Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture
  2. ↑ David N. Wiggins (2006), Georgia's Confederate Monuments and Cemeteries, Arcadia Press.
  3. 1 2 Confederate Monument in Forsyth Park Archived May 31, 2011, at the Wayback Machine., City of Savannah website, accessed April 24, 2010
  4. ↑ United Daughters of the Confederacy Alabama Division (ALUDC), Encyclopedia of Alabama
  5. ↑ Caroline E. Janney. "Ladies' Memorial Associations". Encyclopediavirginia.org. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  6. ↑ Caroline E. Janney. "Lost Cause, The". Encyclopediavirginia.org. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  7. 1 2 3 Gravemarking and Monuments, Colonel Sherod Hunter Camp 1525, Sons of Confederate Veterans, accessed April 26, 2010
  8. 1 2 Confederate Memorial dedicated, Sierra Vista Herald, April 17, 2010
  9. 1 2 "Hurrah! The Delaware Confederate Monument Has a Home at Last!". Sons of Confederate Veterans Camp #2608 website. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
  10. ↑
  11. ↑ "SCV: Placing secession monument at N. Chas. park mayor's idea". South Carolina Radio Network. April 22, 2010.
  12. ↑ National Park Service (2009-03-13). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  13. ↑ Alabama Confederate Monument Archived March 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine., Conservation Solutions Inc., accessed April 24, 2010
  14. ↑ Ladies Memorial Association, Encyclopedia of Alabama
  15. ↑ Doyle, Alexander; Doud, Gorda C. (January 1, 1885). "The Confederate Monument" – via siris-artinventories.si.edu Library Catalog.
  16. ↑ Sameer Rao (June 5, 2017). "Black Leaders Fight to Remove Arizona's Confederate Monuments". ColorLines.com.
  17. 1 2 3 4 National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Registration Form: Civil War Commemorative Sculpture in Arkansas, 1886-1934, 1996.
  18. ↑ Harvey, Steve (May 29, 2010). "Southern California does indeed have a Civil War history". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 11, 2017. So will Hollywood Forever Cemetery, where the Long Beach chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy maintains a Confederate monument.
  19. ↑ Widner, Ralph W., Confederate Monuments: Enduring Symbols of the South and the War Between the States, Andromeda Associates, Washington D.C., 1982 p. 32
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 Widner, p.32
  21. ↑ Widner, p.33
  22. ↑ "Judah P. Benjamin Confederate Memorial at Gamble Plantation Historic State Park - Florida State Parks". Floridastateparks.org.
  23. ↑ "Gamble Plantation". Florida Division UDC. Archived from the original on April 26, 2017.
  24. ↑ "FPAN - Destination: Civil War - - Confederate Monument". Flpublicarchaeology.org.
  25. ↑ "Robert E. Lee Bust - ArtSWFL.com". Artswfl.com.
  26. 1 2 3 Widner, p.34
  27. ↑ Newman, Allen George (January 1, 1914). "Florida's Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy" – via siris-artinventories.si.edu Library Catalog.
  28. 1 2 Widner, p.35
  29. 1 2 3 4 Widner, p.36
  30. 1 2 Widner, p.37
  31. ↑ Widner, p.38
  32. ↑ "SIRIS - Smithsonian Institution Research Information System". siris-artinventories.si.edu.
  33. ↑ https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=73047
  34. ↑ "The Wirz Monument - Andersonville National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)". Nps.gov.
  35. ↑ Photograph, Photograph by Melinda Smith Mullikin, New Georgia Encyclopedia
  36. ↑ Downtown Confederate monument defaced with anti-white messages, The Augusta Chronicle, November 8, 2009
  37. ↑ Confederate Monument, St. James United Methodist Church
  38. ↑ Widner, Ralph W., Confederate Monuments: Enduring Symbols of the South and the War Between the States, Andromeda Associates, Washington D.C., 1982 p. 70
  39. ↑ "Ware County Confederate Monument - Phoenix Park - Waycross, GA - Smithsonian Art Inventory Sculptures on Waymarking.com". Waymarking.com.
  40. 1 2 Visitors Guide to the Confederate Prison Site & Confederate Memorials Alton, Illinois, Visitors Guide to the Middle Mississippi River Valley, accessed June 25, 2015
  41. ↑ "Confederate Mound Oak Woods Cemetery--Civil War Era National Cemeteries: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary". April 2, 2016. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016.
  42. 1 2 3 Musgrave, Beth (May 26, 2017). "New Orleans relocated its Confederate monuments. What will Lexington do?". Lexington Herald Leader.
  43. ↑ "Caddo Parish Confederate Monument". National Park Service.
  44. ↑
  45. ↑ "East Feliciana Parish Court House, Clinton, Louisiana | Library of Congress". Loc.gov. October 14, 2015. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  46. ↑ Christopher Mele, "New Orleans Begins Removing Confederate Monuments, Under Police Guard", New York Times, April 24, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/us/new-orleans-confederate-statue.html.
  47. ↑ Campbell Robertson, "From Lofty Perch, New Orleans Monument to Confederacy Comes Down", New York Times, May 19, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/19/us/confederate-monument-new-orleans-lee.html.
  48. ↑ J. Freedom du Lac, Janell Ross and Avi Selk, "Jefferson Davis disappears as New Orleans removes tribute to ‘lost cause of the Confederacy’", Washington Post, May 11, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/05/11/jefferson-davis-disappears-as-new-orleans-removes-another-tribute-to-the-lost-cause-of-the-confederacy/
  49. ↑ Board, The Times Editorial (2017-05-04). "A monumental challenge: What to do about statues of the heroes of Dixie — and defenders of slavery". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
  50. ↑ "Monumental Task Committee". monumentaltask.org. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
  51. ↑ Peter Applebaum, "New Orleans Mayor’s Message on Race", New York Times, May 24, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/us/mitch-landrieu-speech-new-orleans.html.
  52. ↑ "Rockville Civil War Monument - Rockville, MD - American Civil War Monuments and Memorials on". Waymarking.com. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  53. ↑ Erica Sherrill Owens, Group celebrates Confederate Memorial Day, Hattiesburg American, April 24, 2010
  54. ↑ "Property". Apps.mdah.ms.gov.
  55. ↑ "(Pontotoc Confederate Monument), (sculpture)". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  56. 1 2 "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Pototoc Historic District". National Park Service. United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved May 19, 2017. C Confederate Monument 1930's Confederate Monument located in the center of the park. Monument consists of a stone statue of a Confederate soldier resting on a high stone pedestal. The soldier faces south, towards the courthouse.
  57. ↑ "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: West Point Unified Historic District" (PDF). National Park Service. United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  58. ↑ "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Lee County Courthouse". National Park Service. United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  59. ↑ "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Corinth Downtown Historic District". National Park Service. United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  60. ↑ North Carolina Civil War Monuments: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources - Retrieved August 19, 2014
  61. ↑ "Commemorative Landscapes of North Carolina". docsouth.unc.edu. March 19, 2010.
  62. ↑ "Commemorative Landscapes of North Carolina". docsouth.unc.edu. May 25, 2017.
  63. ↑ Downtown Salisbury Street Scenes - Confederate Monument, Rowan County, North Carolina, government website, accessed April 24, 2010
  64. ↑ List of monuments of the Gettysburg Battlefield#Confederate monuments
  65. ↑ Confederate Monuments at Gettysburg, StoneSentinels.com website, accessed April 24, 2010
  66. ↑ Seigler, Robert S., A Guide to Confederate Monuments in South carolina: Passing the Silent Cup, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1997 p. 25
  67. ↑ "Cherokee County Confederate Monument". Historical Marker Project. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
  68. ↑ Stanglin, Doug (February 6, 2013). "Memphis changes names of 3 Confederate-themed parks". USA Today. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  69. ↑ Monument Guide: Confederate Soldiers Archived January 25, 2010, at the Wayback Machine., State Preservation Board Caretakers of the Texas Capitol website, accessed April 24, 2010
  70. ↑ Confederate Monument, DallasHistory.net website, accessed April 26, 2010
  71. ↑ "[Confederate Soldiers' Monument] - The Portal to Texas History". Texashistory.unt.edu. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  72. ↑ Savage, John (August 10, 2016). "Where the Confederacy Is Rising Again". Politico.com. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  73. ↑ {{cite web |url=http://www.houstontx.gov/parks/artinparks/spiritoftheconfederacy.html |title=The Spirit of the Confederacy |
  74. ↑ Visitor Information: Monuments and Memorials: Confederate Memorial Archived July 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine., Arlington National Cemetery website, accessed April 24, 2010
  75. ↑ Josh Sanburn, "A Confederate monument solution, with context," Time, July 3, 2017, pp. 17-18.
  76. ↑ Times-Dispatch, ROBERT ZULLO Richmond. "As Confederate monuments come down elsewhere, can Richmond 'offer something else?'". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
  77. ↑ Gary Shapiro, "The Meaning of Our Confederate ‘Monuments", New York Times, May 15, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/15/opinion/the-meaning-of-our-confederate-monuments.html?_r=0.
  78. ↑ "White nationalist Richard Spencer leads torch-bearing protesters defending Lee statue". Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
  79. ↑ "White nationalist Richard Spencer leads torch-bearing protesters defending Lee statue". Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
  80. ↑ "Richard B. Spencer". Wikipedia. 2017-05-28.
  81. ↑ "White nationalist Richard Spencer leads torch-bearing protesters defending Lee statue". Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
  82. ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/alt-rights-richard-spencer-leads-torch-bearing-protesters-defending-lee-statue/2017/05/14/766aaa56-38ac-11e7-9e48-c4f199710b69_story.html
  83. ↑ Times-Dispatch, ROBERT ZULLO Richmond. "As Confederate monuments come down elsewhere, can Richmond 'offer something else?'". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
  84. ↑ Hawes Spencer and Matt Stevens, "23 Arrested and Tear Gas Deployed After a K.K.K. Rally in Virginia", New York Times, July 8, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/08/us/kkk-rally-charlottesville-robert-e-lee-statue.html.
  85. ↑ Jason Wilson, "Charlottesville: far-right crowd with torches encircles counter-protest group," The Guardian, August 12, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/12/charlottesville-far-right-crowd-with-torches-encircles-counter-protest-group.
  86. ↑ Hawes Spencer and Sheryl Gay Stolbergaug, "White Nationalists March on University of Virginia," New York Times, August 11, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/11/us/white-nationalists-rally-charlottesville-virginia.html.
  87. ↑ Biennial Report of the Department of Archives and History of the State of West Virginia,Charleston, 1911, pgs. 275-279.
  88. ↑ Herbert, Paul N (December 17, 2009). "Confederados forge new cultural identity". The Washington Times.

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