Commercial policy

Public finance

Policies Agricultural Economic Energy Industrial Investment Social Trade Fiscal Monetary Policy mix
Fiscal policy Budget policy Debt external internal Deficit / Surplus Finance ministry Fiscal union Revenue Spending deficit Tax
Monetary policy Bank reserves (requirements) Discount window Gold reserves Interest rate Monetary authority central bank currency board Monetary base Monetary (currency) union Money supply
Trade policy Balance of trade Free trade Gains from trade Non-tariff barrier Protectionism Tariff Trade bloc Trade creation Trade diversion Trade / Commerce ministry
Revenue Spending Non-tax revenue Tax revenue Discretionary spending Mandatory spending
Optimum Balanced budget (fiscal) Growth (trade and investment) Price stability (monetary)
Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform

A commercial policy (also referred to as a trade policy or international trade policy) is a governmental policy governing economic transactions across international borders. This covers tariffs, trade subsidies, import quotas, Voluntary Export Restraints, restrictions on the establishment of foreign-owned businesses, regulation of trade in services, and other barriers to international trade.

These are sometimes agreed by treaty within a customs union. In the case of the European Union, commercial policy has been governed in common since the EU was created in 1957. A common commercial policy is also an aim of Mercosur.

Public policy
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Commercial policy

See also