Combined injectable birth control
| Combined injectable birth control | |
|---|---|
| Background | |
| Type | Hormonal |
| First use | about 1980 |
| Failure rates (first year) | |
| Perfect use | 0-0.2%[1] |
| Typical use | ? |
| Usage | |
| Duration effect | 1 month |
| User reminders | ? |
| Advantages and disadvantages | |
| STI protection | No |
| Benefits | Especially good if poor pill compliance. |
Combined injectable contraceptive (CIC) is a monthly injection of progestin and estrogen to suppress fertility.
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a different injectable contraceptive, containing just a progestin, given every three months. It is a progestogen-only injectable contraceptive.
Hormonal contraception works primarily by preventing ovulation, but it may also thicken the cervical mucus inhibiting sperm penetration.[2][3][4] Hormonal contraceptives also have effects on the endometrium,[5][6] that theoretically could affect implantation,[7][8][9][10]
Medical uses
CIC is administered by intramuscular injection into the deltoid, gluteus maximus, or anterior thigh.[1] It is ideally administered every 28 to 30 days, though it has been demonstrated to be effective up to 33 days.[1]
Side effects
The most prominent side effects are menstrual irregularities during the first 3 to 6 months of use.[1]
Types
CICs that have been marketed include the following:[11][12][13]
- hydroxyprogesterone caproate 250 mg and estradiol valerate 5 mg ("Chinese Injectable Number 1") – available in China
- dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide 150 mg and estradiol enanthate 10 mg (Deladroxate, Perlutal, Topasel, Perlutan) – available in Latin America and Spain
- estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate (Cyclo-Provera, Cyclofem, Feminena, Lunelle, Novafem)
- norethisterone enanthate 50 mg and estradiol valerate 5 mg (Mesigyna)
- megestrol acetate 25 mg and estradiol 3.5 mg (Mego-E)
History
- October 5, 2000, Pharmacia received FDA approval for Lunelle Monthly Contraceptive Injection.[1]
- April 2003, Pharmacia acquired by Pfizer (makers of Depo-Provera (DMPA)).
- October 2003, Lunelle was discontinued in the U.S.
See also
- Concept Foundation
- Extended cycle combined hormonal contraceptive
- Depo-Provera, a long-acting reversible contraceptive
- Progestogen-only injectable contraceptive
- Reproductive Health Supplies Coalition
- Estradiol-containing oral contraceptive
Footnotes
- 1 2 3 4 5 "FDA Approves Combined Monthly Injectable Contraceptive". Contraception Report. 12 (3). 2001. Archived from the original on September 26, 2006.
- ↑ Tamara Callahan MD , Aaron Caughey MD , Blueprints Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2013
- ↑ KD Tripathi , Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 2013
- ↑ Dc Dutta's Textbook of Obstetrics, 2014
- ↑ K. A. Petrie, A. H. Torgal, C. L. Westhoff, Matched-pairs analysis of ovarian suppressionduring oral vs. vaginal hormonal contraceptive use, „Contraception” 2011, t. 84, p. e2-3
- ↑ R. L. Birtch, O. A. Olatunbosum, R. A. Pierson, Ovarian follicular dynamics during conventional vs continuous oral contraceptive use, „Contraception” 2006, t. 73, p. 235. p. 239.
- ↑ K. Bugge, K. S. Richter, J. Bromer, et al., Pregnancy rates following in vitro fertilization are reduced with a thin endometrium, but are unrelated to endometrial thickness above 10 millimeters,„Fertility and Sterility” 2004, t. 82, p. S199.
- ↑ T. Fiumino, A. Kuwata, A. Teranischi et al., Significance of endometrium thickness to evaluate endometrial receptivity for embryos in natural cycle, „Fertility and Sterility” 2008, t. 90,p. S159.
- ↑ K. S. Richter, K. R. Bugge, J. G. Bromer, Relationship between endometrial thickness and embryo implantation, based on 1. 294 cycles of in vitro fertilization with transfer of two blastocyst-stage embryos, „Fertility and Sterility” 2007, t. 87, p. 53.
- ↑ Rivera R, Yacobson I, Grimes D (1999). "The mechanism of action of hormonal contraceptives and intrauterine contraceptive devices". Am J Obstet Gynecol. 181 (5 Pt 1): 1263–9. PMID 10561657. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70120-1.
- ↑ Newton JR, D'arcangues C, Hall PE (1994). "A review of "once-a-month" combined injectable contraceptives". J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore). 4 Suppl 1: S1–34. PMID 12290848. doi:10.3109/01443619409027641.
- ↑ http://www.wjpps.com/download/article/1412071798.pdf
- ↑ Rowlands, S (2009). "New technologies in contraception". BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 116 (2): 230–239. ISSN 1470-0328. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01985.x.