Coloane

São Francisco Xavier (Coloane) 聖方濟各堂區（路環） Saint Francis Xavier
Freguesia
Avenida Cinco de Outubro along the west coast of Coloane
Freguesia de São Francisco Xavier in Macau
Coordinates: 22°07′34″N 113°34′01″E / 22.12611°N 113.56694°E / 22.12611; 113.56694Coordinates: 22°07′34″N 113°34′01″E / 22.12611°N 113.56694°E / 22.12611; 113.56694
Country	Macau
Area
• Total	7.6 km2 (2.9 sq mi)
Population (2013)
• Total	9,300
• Density	1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi)
Time zone	Macau Standard (UTC+8)

Coloane, officially Freguesia de São Francisco Xavier, is one of the two main islands of the Macau. The island is located directly south of Macau's other main island, Taipa (氹仔), and east of Hengqin Island of Zhuhai in Guangdong province, China.

Coloane was known in Cantonese as Gau Ou Saan (九澳山 lit. "Nine-inlet Mountain" or transcribed in Portuguese as Ká-Hó) and Yim Jou Waan (鹽灶灣, lit. "Salt-stove Bay"). The Portuguese name "Coloane" is derived from the Cantonese pronunciation of Gwo Lou Waan (過路環, lit. "Passing-road Ring").

Geography

Coloane has an area of 8.07 km² (3 sq mi), is 4 km (2 mi) long and is 5.6 km (3 mi) from the Macau Peninsula. The narrowest part of Coloane is 300 metres (980 ft). The highest points in Macau are eastern and central Coloane, with the highest point being the 170.6 metres (560 ft) Coloane Alto (Chinese: 疊石塘山; Cantonese Yale: Daahpsehk Tòhngsāan, Portuguese: Alto de Coloane).

In the past, Coloane was separated from Taipa by the Seac Pai Bay, which was crossed by a 2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi) causeway, the Estrada do Istmo, connecting Coloane to Taipa. However land reclamation has physically connected the two islands and a new town called Cotai has been built between Taipa and Coloane, which is home to the Cotai Strip and several other casinos under development.

The northern shore of the island is 4.5 metres (15 ft) deep, and is the site of the Macau Deepwater Port.

The eastern Hac Sa Beach (Chinese: 黑沙海灘; Cantonese Yale: Hāksā Hóitāan, Portuguese: Baía de Hác Sá) and the southern Cheoc Van Bay (Chinese: 竹灣; Cantonese Yale: Jūk wāan, Portuguese: Baía de Cheoc Van) are popular swimming beaches.

History

From the Song dynasty onwards and until the Portuguese arrival in 1864, Coloane was a sea salt farm for China. After their arrival, the Portuguese made Macau an important trading port, but Coloane remained largely deserted, and was used as a base by pirates until 1910. The island became more populated after the Estrada do Istmo was completed in 1969.

Coloane Village

Old Tin Hau Temple

Chapel of St. Francis Xavier

Coloane Village (Portuguese: Vila de Coloane; 路環村; Lùhuáncūn; Louhwàahn Chyūn), located on the southwestern coast of Coloane, is the island's main settlement.

The village centers on Eduardo Marques Square, which is a rectangle paved in cobblestones that are black, white and yellow, laid out in a wavy pattern reminiscent of the sea. The square faces a seaside promenade that traces the channel dividing Macau from the hills of China proper. At the eastern end of the square stands the Chapel of St. Francis Xavier, built in 1928.

A Tam Kung Temple is located at the southern end of Avenida de Cinco de Outubro (十月初五馬路).

Temples (from north to south)

• Sam Seng Temple (三圣宫), also called Kam Fa Temple (金花庙),^[1] located at 2 Rua dos Navegantes in Coloane Village. Dedicated to Kam Fa, Kun Iam and Va Kuong,^[2] it was built in 1865.^[3]
• Kun Iam Temple (Coloane), located at Travessa do Caetano.^[4]
• Old Tin Hau Temple (天后古廟) in Coloane Village^[5]
• Tam Kung Temple in Coloane Village. Dedicated to Lord Tam, a Taoist god of seafarers, it was built in 1862.^[6][7]

Churches

• Chapel of St. Francis Xavier (聖方濟各聖堂), of the Freguesia de São Francisco Xavier (聖方濟各堂區). The chapel, built in 1928, is located on the southwestern coast of the island and stands near a monument commemorating a victory over pirates in 1910. The chapel used to contain some of the most sacred Christian relics in Asia, including the remains of 26 foreign and Japanese Catholic priests who were crucified in Nagasaki in 1597, as well as those of some of the Japanese Christians who were killed during the Shimabara Rebellion in 1637. They are now located in the Museum of Sacred Art, opened in 1996 next to the Ruins of St. Paul's. Another relic was a bone from the arm of St. Francis Xavier, who died in 1552 on Shangchuan Island, 50 miles (80 km) from Macau. This relic has been transferred to St. Joseph's Church.^[8]

Lai Chi Vun Village

A ship being built in the old shipyard

Estrada de Lai Chi Vun begins at the intersection Estrada de Seac Pai Van and Estrada do Campo in the north and ends at Largo do Cais in the south. The towering banyan tree at the northern end of the marks the northern entrance to Lai Chi Vun Village (荔枝碗村), whose name is associated with its abundance in lychee tress in the past and its bowl-shaped bay.

The shipyards that once lay beyond the village are nowadays left in disuse. The single-storey business premises of Veng Lok Shipyard and of Association of Shipbuilders of Macao-Taipa-Coloane are located inside the small courtyard to the right of the road atop the hill. All the way down the road to the western side is the one-storey office building of the Customs office of Coloane in Portuguese architectural style.

Coloane Pier, which was once the only entry and exit point of Coloane is located along the waterfront facing Largo do Cais the southern end of the road.^[9]

Tourist attractions

Tam Kung Temple

Southern coast of Coloane

Bus stop at Hac Sa Beach

Temples

• Hung Shing Temple in Hac Sa Village^[10]
• Sam Seng Temple (三圣庙), in the Ka Ho (九澳) area, in the northeastern part of the island^[11]
• Kun Iam Temple (Ka Ho)^[12]
• A-Ma Statue (媽祖像), built on October 28, 1998 (lunar calendar: September 9)

Churches

• Chapel of St. Francis Xavier
• Church of Our Lady of Sorrows (九澳七苦聖母小堂), in the Ká-Hó area^[13]

Others

• "Fernando", a Portuguese restaurant at Baía de Hác Sá, is famous amongst locals in Macau and visitors from Hong Kong
• Hac Sa Park
• Macao Giant Panda Pavilion
• Natural and Agrarian Museum
• Seac Pai Van Park

Government

• Correctional Services Bureau

Infrastructure

• Coloane A Power Station
• Coloane B Power Station

Transport

Coloane is served by buses and taxis.

Education

Coloane Library

Public schools:

• Escola Luso-Chinesa de Coloane (路環中葡學校) - Special education^[14]

Subsidized private schools:

• Escola Dom Luís Versíglia (雷鳴道主教紀念學校) - Primary and secondary school^[15]
• Escola de São José de Ká Hó (九澳聖若瑟學校) - Preschool through junior high school^[16]

Macao Public Library operates the Coloane Library (Biblioteca de Coloane; 路環圖書館), which occupies 170 square metres (1,800 sq ft) space in the former Coloane Public Elementary School (路環公局市立學校), a Portuguese-style building. In 1983 the building was renovated so it could serve as a library.^[17]

See also

• Kai Ho Port
• Macau Prison
• List of islands and peninsulas of Macau

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coloane.

• Coloane travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Google Maps : Macau / Coloane
• Blog entries about Coloane

Adjacent places of Coloane
		Cotai Landfill Zone
	Xiangzhou District		South China Sea
		Freguesia de São Francisco Xavier
		South China Sea	South China Sea

Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau (Freguesias of Macau)
Freguesias	Macau Peninsula N. Sra. de Fátima Sto. António S. Lázaro Sé S. Lourenço Taipa and Coloane N. Sra. do Carmo S. Francisco Xavier
Other zones	Cotai Macau New Urban Zone University of Macau Hengqin
Defunct subdivisions	Municipality of Macau Municipality of das Ilhas
Defunct territories	Lapa, Dom João, and Montanha
Note: The freguesias are purely symbolic there are no political administrative subdivisions in Macau after the formation of Instituto para os Assuntos Cívicos e Municipais in 2002.

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