ASMO 449
ASMO 449 is a 7-Bit coded character set to encode the Arabic language.
History
This character set was devised by the now extinct[1] Arab Standardization and Metrology Organization in 1982[1] to be the 7-bit standard to be used in Arabic-speaking countries. The design of this character set is derived[2] from the 7-bit ISO 646 (version of 1973) but with modifications suited for the Arabic language. In code points ranging from 41 to 72 (hexadecimal), Latin letters were replaced with Arabic letters. Punctuation marks which were identical in Latin and Arabic scripts remained the same, But where they differed (comma, semicolon, question mark), the Latin ones were replaced by Latin ones. Only nominal letters are encoded, no preshaped forms of the letters, so shaping processing is required for display. This character is not bidirectional and was intended to be used in right to left writing. Therefore, symmetrical punctuation marks (“(”, “)”, “<”, “>”, “[”, “]”, “{” and “}”) appears as reversed (“)”, “(”, “>”, “<”, “]”, “[”, “}” and “{”).
ASMO 449 was registered in the International Register of Coded Character Sets as IR 089[2] in 1985 and approved as an ISO standard as ISO 9036[3] in 1987.
Character set
Legend:
|
Alphabetic
Control character
Numeric digit
Punctuation
|
Extended punctuation
Graphic character
International
Undefined
|
| _0 | _1 | _2 | _3 | _4 | _5 | _6 | _7 | _8 | _9 | _A | _B | _C | _D | _E | _F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0_ |
NUL 0000 0 |
SOH 0001 1 |
STX 0002 2 |
ETX 0003 3 |
EOT 0004 4 |
ENQ 0005 5 |
ACK 0006 6 |
BEL 0007 7 |
BS 0008 8 |
HT 0009 9 |
LF 000A 10 |
VT 000B 11 |
FF 000C 12 |
CR 000D 13 |
SO 000E 14 |
SI 000F 15 |
| 1_ |
DLE 0010 16 |
DC1 0011 17 |
DC2 0012 18 |
DC3 0013 19 |
DC4 0014 20 |
NAK 0015 21 |
SYN 0016 22 |
ETB 0017 23 |
CAN 0018 24 |
EM 0019 25 |
SUB 001A 26 |
ESC 001B 27 |
FS 001C 28 |
GS 001D 29 |
RS 001E 30 |
US 001F 31 |
| 2_ |
SP 0020 32 |
! 0021 33 |
" 0022 34 |
# 0023 35 |
¤ 00A4 36 |
% 0025 37 |
& 0026 38 |
' 0027 39 |
) 0029 40 |
( 0028 41 |
* 002A 42 |
+ 002B 43 |
، 060C 44 |
- 002D 45 |
. 002E 46 |
/ 002F 47 |
| 3_ |
0 0030 48 |
1 0031 49 |
2 0032 50 |
3 0033 51 |
4 0034 52 |
5 0035 53 |
6 0036 54 |
7 0037 55 |
8 0038 56 |
9 0039 57 |
: 003A 58 |
؛ 061B 59 |
> 003E 60 |
= 003D 61 |
< 003C 62 |
؟ 061F 63 |
| 4_ |
@ 0040 64 |
ء 0621 65 |
آ 0622 66 |
أ 0623 67 |
ؤ 0624 68 |
إ 0625 69 |
ئ 0626 70 |
ا 0627 71 |
ب 0628 72 |
ة 0629 73 |
ت 062A 74 |
ث 062B 75 |
ج 062C 76 |
ح 062D 77 |
خ 062E 78 |
د 062F 79 |
| 5_ |
ذ 0630 80 |
ر 0631 81 |
ز 0632 82 |
س 0633 83 |
ش 0634 84 |
ص 0635 85 |
ض 0636 86 |
ط 0637 87 |
ظ 0638 88 |
ع 0639 89 |
غ 063A 90 |
] 005D 91 |
\ 005C 92 |
[ 005B 93 |
^ 005E 94 |
_ 005F 95 |
| 6_ |
ـ 0640 96 |
ف 0641 97 |
ق 0642 98 |
ك 0643 99 |
ل 0644 100 |
م 0645 101 |
ن 0646 102 |
ه 0647 103 |
و 0648 104 |
ى 0649 105 |
ي 064A 106 |
◌ً 064B 107 |
◌ٌ 064C 108 |
◌ٍ 064D 109 |
◌َ 064E 110 |
◌ُ 064F 111 |
| 7_ |
◌ِ 0640 112 |
◌ّ 0071 113 |
◌ْ 0072 114 |
} 007D 123 |
| 007C 124 |
{ 007B 125 |
~ 007E 126 |
DEL 007F 127 |
There is a variant, sometimes named ASMO 449+[4] which adds the characters NBS in 75, “ﹳ” in 76, “لآ” in 77, “لأ” in 78, “لإ” in 79 and “لا” in 7A;
Relationship with other character sets
ASMO 449 is a 7-bit character set. Although some encodings allocate this 7-bit character set in the upper part of the 8-bit character set, it should not be confused with ASMO 708. In the character sets that allocate ASMO 449 (or some variant of it) in the upper part of the 8-bit character set, the existence of apparently repeated characters is due to the fact that the characters in the lower part are for left-to-right script while the characters in the upper part are for right-to-left script. When ASMO 449 (or some variant of it) is allocated to the upper part of the 8-bit character set, it has Arabic digits.
- Al-Arabi[4] adds the characters NBS in F5, “-” in F6, “÷” in F7, “×” in F8, “«” in F9 and “»” in FA, and replaces “ـ” with “`”; this character set is sometimes referred as Code Page 768 (not an official IBM Code Page!);
- DEC’s DEC/8/ASMO[4] has the same repertoire and the same sequence of Arabic characters but dislocates them;
- HP’s Arabic-8[4] is also based on ASMO 449;
- Apple’s MacArabic adds French, German and Spanish characters in their typical code points from MacRoman, and adds letters for Persian and Urdu;
- Apple’s MacFarsi replaces the Arabic digits from MacArabic with Persian ones;
- The Code Table 7[5] from MARC-8 allocates ASMO 449 in the lower part of the 8-bit character set and allocates the upper part with the Arabic Extension (ISO 11822 / IR 224);
- Microsoft’s Code page 709,[4] for MS-DOS, adds French and German characters in their typical code points from code page 437;
See also
References
External links
| Early telecommunications |
|
|---|---|
| ISO/IEC 8859 | |
| Bibliographic use | |
| National standards | |
| EUC | |
| ISO/IEC 2022 | |
| MacOS code pages ("scripts") | |
| DOS code pages |
|
| IBM AIX code pages | |
| IBM Apple MacIntosh emulations | |
| IBM Adobe emulations | |
| IBM DEC emulations | |
| IBM HP emulations | |
| Windows code pages | |
| EBCDIC code pages |
|
| Platform specific |
|
| Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646 | |
| Miscellaneous code pages | |
| Related topics | |
 Character sets | |