Closteroviridae
| Closteroviridae | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group IV ((+)ssRNA) |
| Family: | Closteroviridae |
| Genera | |
Closteroviridae is a family of viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are currently 39 species in this family, divided among 4 genera. Diseases associated with this family include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem.[1][2]
Taxonomy
Genome type and transmission vector are two of the most important traits used for classification. Ampeloviruses and Closteroviruses have monopartite genomes and are transmitted by pseudococcid mealybugs (and soft scale insects) and aphids respectively. While Criniviruses are bipartite and transmitted by whiteflies.
Group: ssRNA(+)
- Family: Closteroviridae
- Genus: Ampelovirus
- Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1
- Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3
- Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4
- Little cherry virus 2
- Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus 1
- Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus 2
- Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus 3
- Plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus
- Genus: Closterovirus
- Beet yellow stunt virus
- Beet yellows virus
- Burdock yellows virus
- Carnation necrotic fleck virus
- Carrot yellow leaf virus
- Citrus tristeza virus
- Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2
- Mint virus 1
- Raspberry leaf mottle virus
- Strawberry chlorotic fleck-associated virus
- Wheat yellow leaf virus
- Genus: Crinivirus
- Abutilon yellows virus
- Bean yellow disorder virus
- Beet pseudoyellows virus
- Blackberry yellow vein-associated virus
- Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus
- Diodia vein chlorosis virus
- Lettuce chlorosis virus
- Lettuce infectious yellows virus
- Potato yellow vein virus
- Strawberry pallidosis-associated virus
- Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus
- Tomato chlorosis virus
- Tomato infectious chlorosis virus
- Genus: Unassigned
- Alligatorweed stunting virus
- Megakepasma mosaic virus
- Mint vein banding-associated virus
- Olive leaf yellowing-associated virus
- Genus: Velarivirus
- Cordyline virus 1
- Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 7
- Little cherry virus 1
Structure
Viruses in Closteroviridae are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 10-13 nm, with a length of 950-2200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, bipartite, around 20kb in length. [1]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crinivirus | Filamentous | Non-enveloped | Linear | Monopartite | |
| Velarivirus | Filamentous | Non-enveloped | Linear | Monopartite | |
| Closterovirus | Filamentous | Non-enveloped | Linear | Monopartite | |
| Ampelovirus | Filamentous | Non-enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical.[1]
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crinivirus | Plants | None | Viral movement; mechanical inoculation | Viral movement | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: insects |
| Velarivirus | Plants | None | Viral movement; mechanical inoculation | Viral movement | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: insects |
| Closterovirus | Plants | None | Viral movement; mechanical inoculation | Viral movement | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: insects |
| Ampelovirus | Plants | None | Viral movement; mechanical inoculation | Viral movement | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: insects |
References
- 1 2 3 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- 1 2 ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.