Closed category

In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a closed category is a special kind of category.

In a locally small category, the external hom (x, y) takes two objects to the set of morphisms. So in the category of sets, this is an object of the category itself. In the same vein, in a closed category, the morphisms from one object to another can be seen as lying inside the category. This is the internal hom [x,y].

Every closed category has a forgetful functor to the category of sets, which in particular takes the internal hom to the external hom.

Definition

A closed category can be defined as a category V with a so-called internal Hom functor

\left[-\ -\right]:V^{{op}}\times V\to V

left Yoneda arrows natural in $B$ and $C$ and dinatural in $A$

L:\left[B\ C\right]\to \left[\left[A\ B\right]\left[A\ C\right]\right]

and a fixed object I of V such that there is a natural isomorphism

i_{A}:A\cong \left[I\ A\right]

and a dinatural transformation

j_{A}:I\to \left[A\ A\right].\,

Examples

Cartesian closed categories are closed categories. In particular, any topos is closed. The canonical example is the category of sets.
Compact closed categories are closed categories. The canonical example is the category FdVect with finite-dimensional vector spaces as objects and linear maps as morphisms.
More generally, any monoidal closed category is a closed category. In this case, the object $I$ is the monoidal unit.

References

Eilenberg, S. & Kelly, G.M. Closed categories Proceedings of the Conference on Categorical Algebra. (La Jolla, 1965) Springer. 1966. pp. 421–562
Closed category in nLab

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