Cleistanthus collinus

Cleistanthus collinus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Phyllanthaceae
Genus: Cleistanthus
Species: C. collinus
Binomial name
Cleistanthus collinus
(Roxb.) Benth. ex Hook.f.
Synonyms

Lebidieropsis orbiculata var. lambertii
Lebidieropsis orbiculata var. collina
Lebidieropsis orbiculata (Roth) Müll.Arg.
Lebidieropsis collina (Roxb.) Müll.Arg.
Emblica palasis Buch.-Ham.
Bridelia collina (Roxb.) Hook. & Arn.
Andrachne orbiculata Roth
Andrachne cadishaco Roxb. ex Wall.
Amanoa collina (Roxb.) Baill.

Cleistanthus collinus[2] is a plant species first described by Roxburgh, with its current name after Bentham and Hooker; it is included in the family Phyllanthaceae.[3][4] The IUCN categorizes this species as vulnerable.[1] No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life.[3]

Properties

Cleistanthus collinus (Karra) contains a plant poison also called oduvan (Tamil), kadise (Kannada), Vadisaku (Telugu) and Oduku (Malayalam). Ingestion of its leaves or a dicoction of its leaves causes hypokalemia (kaliuresis and cardiac arrhythmias),[5] metabolic acidosis, hypotension and hypoxia[6] probably due to distal renal tubular acidosis, ARDS and toxin induced vasodilatation respectively.[7][8][9] Hypokalemia and acidosis probably also induces rhabdomyolysis resulting in myoglobinuric renal failure and neuromuscular weakness.[10] Its effects are probably mediated by injury to the distal renal tubules, pulmonary epithelium and peripheral blood vessels due to glutathione depletion[11] (animal studies have shown benefit with N-acetylcysteine).[12]

Cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B are phytoconstituents of C. collinus. Cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B are arylnaphthalide lignans. They have been reported to be toxic substances responsible for poisoning. Cleistanthin A is also present in Phyllanthus taxodiifolius.[13]

References

  1. 1 2 "Cleistanthus collinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 1998. Retrieved 2012-10-24.
  2. ↑ Benth. ex Hook.f., 1887 In: Fl. Brit. India 5: 274
  3. 1 2 Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed) (2014). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  4. ↑ WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ↑ Thomas, K; Dayal, AK; Narasimhan, Alka G; Seshadri, MS; Cherian, AM; Kanakasabapathi, Molly B (1991). "Metabolic and Cardiac effects of Cleistanthus Collinus poisoning". J Assoc Physicians India. 39 (4): 312–314.
  6. ↑ Subrahmanyam, DK; Mooney, T; Raveendran, R; Zachariah, B. A (Nov 2003). "Clinical and laboratory profile of Cleistanthus collinus poisoning". J Assoc Physicians India. 51: 1052–4.
  7. ↑ Eswarappa, S.; Chakraborty, A R; Palatty, B U; Vasnik, M (2003). "Cleistanthus Collinus Poisoning: Case Reports and Review of the Literature". Clinical Toxicology. 41 (4): 369–72. doi:10.1081/clt-120022005.
  8. ↑ Benjamin SPE, M Edwin Fernando, JJ Jayanth, Preetha B; Cleistanthus collinus poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India 2006 Sep; 54:742-44
  9. ↑ Nampoothiri, K; Chrispal, A; Begum, A; Jasmine, S; Gopinath, KG; Zachariah, A (Mar 2010). "A clinical study of renal tubular dysfunction in Cleistanthus collinus (Oduvanthalai) poisoning". Clin Toxicol (Phila). 48 (3): 193–7. doi:10.3109/15563651003641786.
  10. ↑ Eswarappa, Benjamin SPE (Jan 2007). "Renal failure and neuromuscular weakness in Cleistanthus collinus poisoning". J Assoc Physicians India. 55: 85–86.
  11. ↑ Sarathchandra, G; Balakrishnamoorthy, P. "Acute toxicity of Cleistanthus collinus, an indigenous poisonous plant in Cavia procellus". Journal of Environmental Biology. 1998: 145–8.
  12. ↑ Annapoorani, KS; Damodaran, C; Chandrasekharan, P (1986). "A promising antidote to Cleistanthus collinus poisoning". J Sci Soc Ind. 2: 3–6.
  13. ↑ Parasuraman, S; Raveendran, R (2012). "Diuretic effects of cleistanthin a and cleistanthin B from the leaves of cleistanthus collinus in wistar rats". J Young Pharm. 4: 73–7. PMC 3385220 Freely accessible. PMID 22754257. doi:10.4103/0975-1483.96616.
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