Cibao

El Cibao
The main Cibao region in dark blue.
Country	Dominican Republic
Area
• Total	19,058.62 km² (7,358.57 sq mi)
Population (2010)
• Total	3,246,032
• Density	170.32/km² (441.1/sq mi)
Demonym(s)	Cibaenian; Cibaine (Spanish: cibaeño)

The Cibao, usually referred as "El Cibao", is a region of the Dominican Republic located at the northern part of the country. As of 2009 the Cibao has a population of 5,622,378 making it the most populous region in the country.^[1]

The word Cibao, from Taíno Ciba-o, meaning 'rocky land'; from ciba, meaning 'rock" or "stone', and o, meaning 'land" or "place', means "place where rocks abound". Cibao was a native name for the island, although the Spanish used it during the Spanish conquest to refer to the rich and fertile valley between the Central and Septentrional mountain ranges.

Geography and Economy

Aerial view of Constanza, a town located in the Cibao region.

Cibao occupies the central and northern part of the Dominican territory. To the north and east of the region lies the Atlantic Ocean; to its west lies the Republic of Haiti and to the south the Central Range, which separates Cibao from the other natural regions.

The Cordilla Central mountain range is located within Cibao, containing the highest peak in all of the Caribbean, Pico Duarte. Two of the largest rivers of the country are also located inside this region: the Yaque del Norte, the largest river of the Dominican Republic, and the Yuna river. Both of these rivers contain several chains of dams used to provide the region with water for irrigation (since agriculture is the main activity of the area) and hydroelectric energy. Rice, coffee and cacao are the most important crops grown in the area.

The central mountain range also has important mining activity. Its main mineral resources include gold, iron and nickel, among others. The internationally known Falconbridge is the company in charge of the extraction of these ores.

Culture

Cibaenians in the town of Moca, Espaillat.

The valley is not only a geographical unit, but also a cultural and linguistic unit. The Cibao region is considered to be the cultural heartland of the Dominican Republic. The local dialect of Spanish spoken in the area, has a number of innovative syntactic, semantic, and phonological features [2][2], none of which appear to be the product of language contact with either English or French.

Merengue music, played using the güira, tambora and accordion, was originated in Cibao. The folk type of merengue is played by the perico ripiao, which are typical local musical groups. This latter name is also often used to refer to the folk genre itself.

Horse riding culture in Cibao.

During Late January and through February, several carnivals are held within the region. The most popular of these festivals belongs to the province of La Vega, and dates back to the first European settlements. It began as a religious activity celebrating the pre-Lent season, and the carnival's theme revolves around the victory of good over evil.

Many important Dominican patriots were of Cibaenian origin. Among the most important are local generals José Desiderio Valverde and José Antonio Salcedo, who were responsible for the restoration of the Republic in the later decades of the 1800s. During the Trujillo dictatorship, the Mirabal sisters arranged clandestine organizations to rebel against the fascist dictatorship. The sisters were brutally murdered in 1960, and remain today as some of the biggest martyrs on behalf of the Dominican nation.

The bulk of the population is mainly concentrated in the center of the region. The city of Santiago de los Caballeros constitutes the regional center and main focus of development of the area.

Provinces

Province	Capital	Area (km²)^[3]	Population^[3]	Density^[3]	Map region
Dajabón	Dajabón	7003102073000000000♠1,020.73	7004620460000000000♠62,046	7001610000000000000♠61	4
Duarte	San Francisco de Macorís	7003160535000000000♠1,605.35	7005283805000000000♠283,805	7002177000000000000♠177	5
Espaillat	Moca	7002838620000000000♠838.62	7005225091000000000♠225,091	7002268000000000000♠268	8
Hermanas Mirabal	Salcedo	7002440430000000000♠440.43	7004963560000000000♠96,356	7002219000000000000♠219	21
La Vega	Concepción de la Vega	7003228724000099999♠2,287.24	7005385101000000000♠385,101	7002168000000000000♠168	13
María Trinidad Sánchez	Nagua	7003127171000000000♠1,271.71	7005135727000000000♠135,727	7002119000000000000♠119	14
Monseñor Nouel	Bonao	7002992390000000000♠992.39	7005167618000000000♠167,618	7002169000000000000♠169	15
Monte Cristi	San Fernando de Monte Cristi	7003192435000000000♠1,924.35	7005111014000000000♠111,014	7001580000000000000♠58	16
Puerto Plata	San Felipe de Puerto Plata	7003185290000000000♠1,852.90	7005312706000000000♠312,706	7002168000000000000♠168	20
Samaná	Santa Bárbara de Samaná	7002853740000000000♠853.74	7004918750000000000♠91,875	7002108000000000000♠108	22
Sánchez Ramírez	Cotuí	7003119613000000000♠1,196.13	7005151179000000000♠151,179	7002126000000000000♠126	23
Santiago	Santiago de los Caballeros	7003283651000000000♠2,836.51	7005908250000000000♠908,250	7002320000000000000♠320	28
Santiago Rodríguez	San Ignacio de Sabaneta	7003111114000000000♠1,111.14	7004596290000000000♠59,629	7001540000000000000♠54	29
Valverde	Santa Cruz de Mao	7002823380000000000♠823.38	7005158293000000000♠158,293	7002192000000000000♠192	31
Total		7004190586200000000♠19,058.62	7006314869000000000♠3,148,690	7002165000000000000♠165	-

Map of the provinces of the Dominican Republic

References

↑ Santo Domingo: A Country with a Future.
↑ Bullock, B. & J. Toribio. 2009. Reconsidering Dominican Spanish: Data from the rural Cibao. RILI 7, 2: 49-73.
1 2 3 Oficina Nacional de Estadística. "República Dominicana en Cifras 2006" (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-27.

Coordinates: 19°37′37″N 70°16′39″W / 19.6269°N 70.2774°W / 19.6269; -70.2774

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