Chromosome 11 (human)

Chromosome 11 (human)

Human chromosome 11 pair after G-banding.
One is from mother, one is from father.

Chromosome 11 pair
in human male karyogram.
Features
Length (bp) 135,086,622 bp
(GRCh38)[1]
No. of genes 1,224 (CCDS)
Type Autosome
Centromere position Submetacentric[2]
(53.4 Mbp[3])
External map viewers
Ensembl Chromosome 11
Entrez Chromosome 11
NCBI Chromosome 11
UCSC Chromosome 11
Full DNA sequences
RefSeq NC_000011 (FASTA)
GenBank CM000673 (FASTA)

Chromosome 11 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 11 spans about 135 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.

At 21.5 genes per megabase, Chromosome 11 is one of the most gene-rich, and disease-rich, chromosomes in the human genome.

More than 40% of the 856 olfactory receptor genes in the human genome are located in 28 single-gene, and multi-gene, clusters along this chromosome.

Genes

The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 11. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.[4]

When simply saying "number of genes", in most cases, it refers only to "number of protein-coding genes".

Estimated by Protein-coding genes Non-coding RNA genes Pseudogenes Source Release date
CCDS 1,224 - - [5] 2016-09-08
HGNC 1,262 271 666 [6] 2017-05-12
Ensembl 1,301 1,060 811 [7] 2017-03-29
NCBI 1,314 860 839 [8][9][10] 2017-05-19

The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 11:

Diseases and disorders

Wikinews has related news: Large study provides new insights in autism's genetic code

The following diseases and disorders are some of those related to genes on chromosome 11:

Cytogenetic band

G-banding ideograms of human chromosome 11
G-banding ideogram of human chromosome 11 in resolution 850 bphs. Band length in this diagram is proportional to base-pair length. This type of ideogram is generally used in genome browsers (e.g. Ensembl, UCSC Genome Browser).
G-banding patterns of human chromosome 11 in three different resolutions (400,[14] 550[15] and 850[3]). Band length in this diagram is based on the ideograms from ISCN (2013).[16] This type of ideogram represents actual relative band length observed under a microscope at the different moments during the mitotic process.[17]
G-bands of human chromosome 11 in resolution 850 bphs[18]
Chr. Arm[19] Band[20] ISCN
start[21] 		ISCN
stop[21]		 Basepair
start 		Basepair
stop 		Stain[22] Density
11 p 15.5 0 230 1 2,800,000 gneg
11 p 15.4 230 461 2,800,001 11,700,000 gpos 50
11 p 15.3 461 745 11,700,001 13,800,000 gneg
11 p 15.2 745 935 13,800,001 16,900,000 gpos 50
11 p 15.1 935 1246 16,900,001 22,000,000 gneg
11 p 14.3 1246 1490 22,000,001 26,200,000 gpos 100
11 p 14.2 1490 1545 26,200,001 27,200,000 gneg
11 p 14.1 1545 1775 27,200,001 31,000,000 gpos 75
11 p 13 1775 2114 31,000,001 36,400,000 gneg
11 p 12 2114 2357 36,400,001 43,400,000 gpos 100
11 p 11.2 2357 2655 43,400,001 48,800,000 gneg
11 p 11.12 2655 2872 48,800,001 51,000,000 gpos 75
11 p 11.11 2872 3035 51,000,001 53,400,000 acen
11 q 11 3035 3197 53,400,001 55,800,000 acen
11 q 12.1 3197 3414 55,800,001 60,100,000 gpos 75
11 q 12.2 3414 3550 60,100,001 61,900,000 gneg
11 q 12.3 3550 3685 61,900,001 63,600,000 gpos 25
11 q 13.1 3685 4037 63,600,001 66,100,000 gneg
11 q 13.2 4037 4186 66,100,001 68,700,000 gpos 25
11 q 13.3 4186 4512 68,700,001 70,500,000 gneg
11 q 13.4 4512 4688 70,500,001 75,500,000 gpos 50
11 q 13.5 4688 4877 75,500,001 77,400,000 gneg
11 q 14.1 4877 5148 77,400,001 85,900,000 gpos 100
11 q 14.2 5148 5257 85,900,001 88,600,000 gneg
11 q 14.3 5257 5474 88,600,001 93,000,000 gpos 100
11 q 21 5474 5690 93,000,001 97,400,000 gneg
11 q 22.1 5690 5934 97,400,001 102,300,000 gpos 100
11 q 22.2 5934 6070 102,300,001 103,000,000 gneg
11 q 22.3 6070 6300 103,000,001 110,600,000 gpos 100
11 q 23.1 6300 6503 110,600,001 112,700,000 gneg
11 q 23.2 6503 6693 112,700,001 114,600,000 gpos 50
11 q 23.3 6693 7167 114,600,001 121,300,000 gneg
11 q 24.1 7167 7316 121,300,001 124,000,000 gpos 50
11 q 24.2 7316 7533 124,000,001 127,900,000 gneg
11 q 24.3 7533 7695 127,900,001 130,900,000 gpos 50
11 q 25 7695 7980 130,900,001 135,086,622 gneg

References

  1. ↑ "Human Genome Assembly GRCh38 - Genome Reference Consortium". National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2017-03-04.
  2. ↑ Tom Strachan; Andrew Read (2 April 2010). Human Molecular Genetics. Garland Science. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-136-84407-2.
  3. 1 2 Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  4. ↑ Pertea M, Salzberg SL (2010). "Between a chicken and a grape: estimating the number of human genes.". Genome Biol. 11 (5): 206. PMC 2898077 Freely accessible. PMID 20441615. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-206.
  5. ↑ "Search results - 11[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("has ccds"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. CCDS Release 20 for Homo sapiens. 2016-09-08. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
  6. ↑ "Statistics & Downloads for chromosome 11". HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. 2017-05-12. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
  7. ↑ "Chromosome 11: Chromosome summary - Homo sapiens". Ensembl Release 88. 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
  8. ↑ "Search results - 11[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
  9. ↑ "Search results - 11[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ( ("genetype miscrna"[Properties] OR "genetype ncrna"[Properties] OR "genetype rrna"[Properties] OR "genetype trna"[Properties] OR "genetype scrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snorna"[Properties]) NOT "genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
  10. ↑ "Search results - 11[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype pseudo"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
  11. ↑ INS - insulin - Genetics Home Reference
  12. ↑ "Autism gene breakthrough hailed". Health. BBC NEWS. 2007-02-19. Retrieved 2010-01-02.
  13. ↑ Human Genome Project Information Site Has Been Updated
  14. ↑ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (400 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  15. ↑ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (550 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2015-08-11. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  16. ↑ International Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). ISCN 2013: An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. ISBN 978-3-318-02253-7.
  17. ↑ Sethakulvichai, W.; Manitpornsut, S.; Wiboonrat, M.; Lilakiatsakun, W.; Assawamakin, A.; Tongsima, S. (2012). "Estimation of band level resolutions of human chromosome images" (PDF). In Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE), 2012 International Joint Conference on: 276–282. doi:10.1109/JCSSE.2012.6261965.
  18. ↑ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  19. ↑ "p": Short arm; "q": Long arm.
  20. ↑ For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article locus.
  21. 1 2 These values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Arbitrary unit.
  22. ↑ gpos: Region which is positively stained by G banding, generally AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally CG-rich and gene rich; acen Centromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk.
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