Chorni Klobuky

Chorni Klobuky (Russian: Чёрные Клобуки; Ukrainian: Чорні клобуки; Turkic: Karakalpak or Qaraqalpaq) was a generic name[1] for a group of semi-nomadic Turkic or Turkic-speaking tribes of Berendei, Torkils, Kovui of Chernihiv, Pechenegs, and others[2] that at the end of 11th century settled on the southern frontier of Kiev and Pereyaslav principalities along the Ros River valley.[2][3] They are first mentioned in the Kiev Chronicles of 1146.[4]

In the 12th century many of these tribes became sedentary[2] and town-based (within modern Cherkasy and southern Kiev oblasts). Their main city was Torchesk (next to the modern city of Kaharlyk).[4] They also were used by Ruthenian princes for the defense of their southern borders against Cumans[2] and took part in a political life of Ruthenia.[2] After the Mongol invasion were partially assimilated by neighboring people[2] and partially deported by the Golden Horde rulers such as Uzbeg Khan (between 1340-1390) to the Central Asia.[2][5]

Their name means "Black Hats" or "Black Hoods", and in Turkic languages it is "Karakalpak"; presumably this refers to their national costume. It is unclear whether the Chornyi Klobuki are related to the Karakalpaks of today.[6]

In the Moscow Chronicle collection of the 15th century under the year 1152 it explains that all Chorni Klobuky were called Circassians as they arrived from the north Caucasus.[1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Chorni Klobuky in the Cossack dictionary-handbook
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Chorni Klobuky in the Small dictionary of History of Ukraine
  3. ↑ Chorni Klobuky in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
  4. 1 2 Chorni Klobuky in the Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine
  5. ↑ Antique root of sharovary. Ukrayinska Pravda. 5 February 2013
  6. ↑ David Nicolle, Angus McBride (2001), Armies of Medieval Russia, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 978-1-85532-848-8, ISBN 1855328488


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