Chipaque Formation

Chipaque Formation
Stratigraphic range: Cenomanian-Turonian
~97–90 Ma
Type Geological formation
Unit of Villeta Group
Underlies Guadalupe Gp
 Arenisca Dura Fm
Overlies Une Formation
Thickness up to 1,700 metres (5,580 ft)
Lithology
Primary Organic shale
Other Sandstone, limestone, siltstone
Location
Coordinates 4°27′07″N 74°03′20″W / 4.45194°N 74.05556°W / 4.45194; -74.05556Coordinates: 4°27′07″N 74°03′20″W / 4.45194°N 74.05556°W / 4.45194; -74.05556
Region Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Eastern Ranges, Andes
Country  Colombia
Type section
Named for Chipaque
Named by Hubach
Location Chipaque
Year defined 1957
Coordinates 4°27′07″N 74°03′20″W / 4.45194°N 74.05556°W / 4.45194; -74.05556
Region Cundinamarca, Boyacá
Country  Colombia
Thickness at type section 1,027 metres (3,370 ft)

Paleogeography of Northern South America
90 Ma, by Ron Blakey

The Chipaque Formation (Spanish: Formación Chipaque, K2cp, Kc) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly organic shale formation dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Cenomanian-Turonian epochs and has a maximum thickness of 1,700 metres (5,600 ft). The formation, rich in TOC, is an important oil and gas generating unit for the giant oilfields Cupiagua and Cusiana of the Eastern Ranges as well as in the Llanos Orientales.

Etymology

The formation was named in 1931 as group and as formation in 1957 by Hubach after Chipaque, Cundinamarca.[1]

Description

Lithologies

The Chipaque Formation with a maximum thickness of 1,700 metres (5,600 ft), is characterised by a sequence of pyritic organic shales, limestones and siltstones, with sandstone banks intercalated in the formation.[2] The Chipaque Formation contains a high density of fauna.[1] The formation is rich in TOC and one of the principal source rocks for oil and gas generation in the foothills of the Eastern Ranges,[3] sourcing fields as Cusiana, Cupiagua and many others.[4] Chipaque also sourced the oilfields of the Llanos Orientales.[5] In the Chitasugá-1 well, drilled between 1980 and 1981, from the sandstones of the Chipaque Formation half a million m³ of water were produced.[6] The sandstone beds are reservoir rocks for oil in the Eastern Ranges.[3]

Stratigraphy and depositional environment

The Chipaque Formation overlies the Une Formation and is overlain by the Guadalupe Group. The core of the Zipaquirá Anticline consists of the Chipaque Formation.[7] The age has been estimated to be Cenomanian-Turonian.[1] Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Simijaca Formation.[8] The formation has been deposited in an open to shallow marine platform setting.[9] The deposition is represented by a maximum flooding surface and anoxic conditions.[10]

Outcrops

Type locality of the Chipaque Formation to the south of the Bogotá savanna

The Chipaque Formation is apart from its type locality, found in the Eastern Hills of Bogotá, the Ocetá Páramo and many other locations in the Eastern Ranges. The anticlinals of the Río Blanco-Machetá, San José and Sopó-Sesquilé are composed of the Chipaque Formation.[1]

See also

Geology of the Eastern Hills
Geology of the Ocetá Páramo
Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Montoya Arenas & Reyes Torres, 2005, p.26
  2. ↑ Lobo Guerrero, 1992, p.4
  3. 1 2 García González et al., 2009, p.49
  4. ↑ Cortés et al., 2009, p.4
  5. ↑ García González et al., 2009, p.58
  6. ↑ Lobo Guerrero, 1993, p.20
  7. ↑ García & Jiménez, 2016, p.24
  8. ↑ Montoya Arenas & Reyes Torres, 2005, p.22
  9. ↑ García González et al., 2009, p.209
  10. ↑ Villamil, 2012, p.164

Bibliography

Maps

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