Chinese emperors family tree (middle)

The following is a family tree of Chinese emperors from the Northern and Southern dynasties period, of first half of the fifth century AD, till the conquest of China by the Mongols under Kublai Khan, and the sequel end of the Southern Song dynasty in 1279.

Chinese emperors family tree (ancient) → Chinese emperors family tree (early) → Chinese emperors family tree (middle) → Chinese emperors family tree (late)

Southern and Northern Dynasties

Liu Song

Liu Song

Liu Yu 刘裕 (363--422) Wudi (r. 420-422)1 Liu Yifu 刘义符 (406-424) Shao (r. 423-424)2 Liu Yilong 刘义隆 (407-453) Wen (r. 424-453)3 Liu Yikang 劉義康 (409–451) Liu Shao 刘劭 426-453; r. 4534 Liu Jun (430-464) Xiaowu (r. 453-464)5 Liu Jun 劉濬 (429–453) Prince Shixing Liu Yu 刘彧 (439-472) Ming (r. 465-472)7 Liu Xiufan 刘休范 (448－474) Liu Ziye 刘子业 (449-466) Qianfei (r. 464-466)6 Liu Zixun (劉子勛) (456–466; r. 466) Liu Yu (劉昱) (463-477) Houfei (r. 472-477)8 Liu Zhun (劉準) (469-479) Shun (r. 477-479)9

Southern Qi

Southern Qi

Xiao Chengzhi 萧承之 (384-447) Xiao Daosheng 萧道生 Xiao Daocheng 蕭道成 (427–482) Gao (r. 479-482)1 Xiao Luan 蕭鸞 (452–498) Ming (r. 494-498)5 Xiao Ni 蕭嶷 444–492 Wenxian of Yuzhang Xiao Ze 蕭賾 (440–493) Wu (r. 482-493)2 Xiao Baojuan 蕭寶卷 (483–501; r. 498-501)6 Xiao Baoyin 蕭寶寅 (487–530; r. 527) Xiao Baorong 蕭寶融 (488–502) He (r. 501-502)7 Xiao Zhangmao 蕭長懋 (458–493) Wen 文皇帝 Xiao Zhaoye 蕭昭業 473–494; r. 493-4943 Xiao Zhaowen 蕭昭文 480–494; r. 4944

Liang dynasty and Western Liang

Liang dynasty and Western Liang

- Liang emperors   - Western Liang emperors   - Liang throne pretenders Xiao Shunzhi 萧顺之 Xiao Yi 萧懿 (d. 500) Xiao Yan 蕭衍 Wu (464–502-549) Xiao Xiu 蕭秀 475-518 Xiao Hong 蕭宏 473-526 Xiao Yuanming 蕭淵明 d.556; r.555 Xiao Tong 萧统 (501-531) Xiao Gang 蕭綱 Jianwen 503-549-551 Xiao Yi 蕭繹 Yuan 508–552-554-555 Xiao Ji 蕭紀 508–552-553 Xiao Zhengde 蕭正德 d.549; r.548-549 Xiao Huan 萧欢 Xiao Cha 蕭詧 Xuan 519-555-562 Xiao Daqi 蕭大器 524–551 Xiao Fangdeng 蕭方等 (528-549) Xiao Fangzhi 蕭方智 Jing 543-555-557 Xiao Dong 萧栋 d.552; r.551 Xiao Kui 蕭巋 Ming 542–562-585 Xiao Yan 蕭巖 Xiao Zhuang 蕭莊 548-557-560-577? Empress Xiao 蕭皇后 566?–648 Xiao Yu 蕭瑀 574–647 Xiao Cong 蕭琮 Jing r.585-587 Xiao Xuan 萧璿 Xiao Xian 萧铣 583-621; r.617–621

Chen dynasty

Chen dynasty emperors family tree
Chen Wenzan 陈文赞 Chen Daotan 陈道谭 Chen Baxian 陳霸先 (503–559) Wu (r. 557-559) Chen Qian 陳蒨 (522–566) Wen (r. 559-566) Chen Xu 陈顼 (530–582) Xuan (r. 569-582) Chen Chang 陳昌 (537–560) Chen Bozong 陳伯宗 (554?–570) Fei (r. 566-568) Chen Shubao 陈叔宝 553–604; r. 582-589 Chen Shuda 陳叔達 d.635 Ningyuan 寧遠公主 577-605 Emperor Wen of Sui Chen Yin 陳胤 b.573 Chen Shen 陳深 b.575

Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei

Tuoba / Yuan clan, Wei emperors family tree

Legend:   - Northern Wei emperors   - Western Wei emperors   - Eastern Wei emperors   - Northern Wei throne pretenders See Tuoba clan Dai state family tree Tuoba Gui Daowu 371–386–409 Tuoba Xi 399－421 Tuoba Si Mingyuan 392–409–423 Tuoba Ta 416–488 Tuoba Tao Taiwu 408–423–452 Yuan Zhongkui Tuoba Huang 428–451 Tuoba Yu 452 Yuan Faseng 453－536 Tuoba Jun Wencheng 440–452–465 Tuoba Zhen 447–496 Tuoba Hong Xianwen 454–465– 471–476 Yuan Yi Yuan Bin 464－499 Tuoba Hong Xiaowen 467–471–499 Yuan Yu 470－501 Yuan Yong d. 528 Yuan Xiang 476－504 Yuan Xie d. 508 Yuan Ye 530–531; d.532 Yuan Rong 481–526 Yuan Ke Xuanwu 483–499–515 Yuan Xun 483–497 Yuan Yu 488–508 Yuan Yi 487–520 Yuan Huai 488–517 Yuan Yue 494－532 Yuan Xin Yuan Gong Jiemin 498–531–532 Yuan Yu d. 555 Yuan Hao d.529 Yuan Shao d. 528 Yuan Ziyou Xiaozhuang 507–528–531 Yuan Lang 513–531–532 Yuan Xu Xiaoming 510–515–528 Yuan Baohui Yuan Baoju Wen 507–535–551 Yuan Dan d. 537 Yuan Ti 506－528 Yuan Xiu Xiaowu 510–532–535 Yuan Huangtou daughter b./r.528 Yuan Zhao 526–528 Yuan Qin Fei 551–554 Yuan Kuo Gong 537–554– 556–557 Yuan Shanjian Xiaojing 524–534– 550–552 Yuan Zan

Northern Qi

Northern Qi emperors

Gao Huan 高欢 (496-547) Gao Cheng 高澄 (521-549) Gao Yang 高洋 (526–559) Wenxuan (r. 550-559) Empress Gao 高皇后 Gao Yan 高演 (535-561) Xiaozhao (r. 560-561) Gao Zhan 高湛 (537–569) Wucheng (r. 561-565) Gao Jie 高湝(?-577) Gao Changgong 高长恭 d.573 Prince of Lanling 蘭陵王 Gao Yanzong 高延宗 (?-578; r.576) Gao Yin 高殷 (545-561) Fei (r. 559-560) Gao Shaoyi 高紹義 (b. 546; r.578-580) Gao Bainian 高百年 556–564 Gao Wei 高緯 (557–577) Houzhu (r. 565-577) Gao Yan 高儼 (558–571) Gao Heng 高恆 (570–577) Youzhu (r. 577)

Northern Zhou

Northern Zhou emperors family tree

Yuwen Gong 宇文肱 (d.526) Yuan Huai 元怀 （488－517） Yuwen Hao 宇文顥 （d. 524） Yuwen Tai 宇文泰 (507–556) Princess Fengyi (d. 541) Emp. Xiaowu of Northern Wei r.532–535 Dugu Xin 獨孤信 504－557 Yuwen Hu 宇文護 (513–572) Yuwen Xian 宇文憲 545–578 Yuwen Jue 宇文覺 (542–557) Xiaomin (r. 557)1 Yuwen Yong 宇文邕 (543–578) Wu (r. 560–578)3 Yuwen Yu 宇文毓 (534–560) Ming (r. 557–560)2 Queen Dugu 獨孤王后 d.558 Dugu Qieluo 獨孤伽羅 544–602 Emperor Wen of Sui r.581–604 Duchess Dugu Yuwen Yun 宇文贇 (559–580) Xuan (r. 578–579)4 Yang Lihua 楊麗華 561–609 Sui dynasty Emperor Gaozu of Tang r.618–626 Yuwen Yan 宇文衍 (573–581) Jing (r. 579–581)5 Tang dynasty

Sui dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Sui dynasty (隋朝), which ruled China between AD 581 and 618. The dynasty was named for the family title: the Yang (楊) family were the Dukes of Sui.

Those who became emperor are listed in bold, with their years of reign large. The names given for emperors are posthumous names, the form by which Sui emperors were most commonly known.

Sui dynasty

Dugu Xin 獨孤信 SUI DYNASTY Yang Jian 楊坚 541–604 Wendi 文帝 581–604 Dugu Qieluo 獨孤伽羅 544–602 Empress Xian 獻皇后 Duchess Dugu Li Bing 李昺 d. 572 Duke of Tang 唐國公 1 2 3 4 5 TANG DYNASTY Yang Yong 楊勇 d. 604 Prince of Fangling 房陵王 Yang Guang 楊廣 569–618 Yangdi 煬帝 604–617 Yang Jun 楊俊 571–600 Prince of Qin 秦孝王 Yang Xiu 楊秀 573–618 Yang Liang 楊諒 575–605 Li Yuan 李淵 566–635 Gaozu 高祖 618–626 1 2 3 Yang Zhao 楊昭 584–606 Cr.Prince Yuande 元德太子 Yang Jian 楊暕 585–618 Prince of Qi 齊王 Yang Gao 楊杲 607–618 Prince of Zhao 趙王 Yang Hao 楊浩 d. 618 Prince of Qin 秦王 618? 1 2 3 Yang Tan 楊倓 603–618 Prince of Yan 燕王 Yang Tong 楊侗 605–619 Gongdi 恭帝 618–619 Yang You 楊侑 605–619 Gongdi 恭帝 617–618

Tang and Second Zhou dynasties

The following is a simplified family tree for the Tang dynasty (唐朝), which ruled China between AD 618 and 907. The Tang dynasty was interrupted by the reign of Empress Wu Zetian (AD 690—705), who after deposing her sons, declared herself the founder of a second Zhou (周) dynasty; the Tang dynasty was resumed by her sons following her abdication. The dynasty was named for the family title: the Li (李) family were the Dukes of Tang.

The names given in bold for emperors are temple names, the form by which Tang emperors were most commonly known (with the exception of Shangdi/Shaodi (殤帝 / 少帝), whose posthumous titles mean simply "died young" and "the young emperor", and Aidi (哀帝), also known as Zhaoxuan (昭宣), neither of whom were awarded temple names). It should be noted that the names of Xuanzong I (玄宗) and Xuanzong II (宣宗) are originally different in Mandarin Chinese, but are rendered the same in Pinyin English transliteration (once the tones have been removed).

Tang and Second Zhou dynasties

The Tang emperors claimed descent from people such as Li Guang and Laozi Li Yuan 李淵 566–635 Gaozu 高祖 618–6261 1 2 4 Li Jiancheng 李建成 589–626 Cr.Prince Yin 隱太子 Li Shimin 李世民 599–649 Taizong 太宗 626–6492 Li Yuanji 李元吉 603–626 Prince of Qi 齊王 Wu Shihuo 武士彠 559-635 King Zhongxiao 忠孝王 1 3 4 8 9 ZHOU DYNASTY Li Chengqian 李承乾 619–645 Prince Min of Hengshan 恆山愍王 Li Ke 李恪 d. 653 Prince of Yulin 鬱林王 Li Tai 李泰 618–652 Prince Gong of Pu 濮恭王 Li Zhen 李貞 d. 688 Prince Jing of Yue 越敬王 Li Zhi 李治 628–683 Gaozong 高宗 649–6833 Wu Zhao 武曌 624–705 Wu Zetian 武則天 690–7051(6) 1 4 5 (1) 6 (2) 7 (3) 8 (4) (6) Li Zhong 李忠 643–665 Prince of Yan 燕王 Li Sujie 李素節 646–690 Prince of Xu 許王 Li Hong 李弘 652–675 Xiaojing 孝敬 Li Xian 李賢 653–684 Cr. Prince Zhanghuai 章懷太子 Li Xian 李顯 656–710 Zhongzong 中宗 684, 705–7104 Li Dan 李旦 662–716 Ruizong 睿宗 684–690, 710–7125 Princess Taiping 太平公主 665(?)-713 2 1 2 3 4 1 3 Li Shouli 李守礼 672–741 Cr. Prince Xima Li Chongrun 李重潤 682–701 Cr. Prince Yide 懿德太子 Li Chongfu 李重福 680–710 Prince Qiao 譙王 Li Chongjun 李重俊 d.707 Cr. Prince Jiemin 節愍太子 Li Chongmao 李重茂 695/698–714 Shangdi 殤帝 7107 Li Guo'er 李裹兒 684(?)–710 Princess Anle 安樂公主 Li Chengqi 李成器 679–742 Rangdi 讓帝 Li Longji 李隆基 685–762 Xuanzong 玄宗 712–7568 1 1 2 3 16 Li Chenghong 李承宏 Pr. of Guangwu 廣武王 Emperor in Chang'an 763 Li Cong 李琮 d. 752 Fengtian 奉天 Li Ying 李瑛 d. 737 Crown Prince Li Heng 李亨 711–762 Suzong 肅宗 756–7629 Li Lin 李璘 d. 757 Prince of Yong 永王 1 3 9 Li Yu 李豫 727–779 Daizong 代宗 762–77910 Li Tan 李倓 d. 757 Chengtian 承天 Li Guang 李僙 d.791 Prince of Xiang 1 1 Li Gua 李适 742–805 Dezong 德宗 779–80511 Li Xuan 李宣 Prince of Yiwu 伊吾郡王 1 Li Song 李誦 761–806 Shunzong 順宗 80512 □ 1 Li Chun 李純 778–820 Xianzong 憲宗 805–82013 Li Yun 李熅 d.887 Prince of Xiang 襄王 Emperor in Chang'an 886–887 1 3 6 13 Li Ning 李寧 793–812 Cr.Prince Huizhao Li Heng 李恆 795–824 Muzong 穆宗 820–82414 Li Wu 李悟 d.826 Prince of Jiàng 絳王 Li Chen 李忱 810–859 Xuānzong 宣宗 846–85918 1 2 3 4 5 1 5 Li Zhan 李湛 809–827 Jingzong 敬宗 824–82715 Li Ang 李昂 809–840 Wenzong 文宗 827–84016 Li Cou 李湊 d.835 Cr. Prince Huaiyi Li Rong 李溶 812-840 Prince of An 安王 Li Yan 李炎 814–846 Wuzong 武宗 840–84617 Li Cui 李漼 833–873 Yizong 懿宗 859–87319 Li Zi 李滋 d.897 Prince of Tong 通王 1 1 5 7 Li Pu 李普 824–828 Cr. Prince Daohuai 悼懷太子 Li Chengmei 李成美 d.840 Prince of Chen 陳王 Li Yong 李永 d.838 Cr. Prince Zhuangke 莊恪太子 Li Xuan 李儇 862–888 Xizong 僖宗 873–88820 Li Yue 李曄 867–904 Zhaozong 昭宗 888–90421 1 9 Li Yu 李裕 d.905 Prince of De 德王 Li Zhu 李柷 892–908 Aidi 哀帝 or Zhaoxuan 昭宣 904–90722

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

The fifty years between the fall of the Tang dynasty and the establishment of the Song dynasty were a time of upheaval known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. During this period, five short-lived imperial dynasties ruled the heart of China, while a series of small independent kingdoms were established in the south.

Later Liang

The Later Liang ruled between 907 and 923.

Later Liang
Zhu Wen 朱溫 852–912 Taizu 太祖 907–912 3 8 Zhu Yougui 朱友圭 d. 913 912–913 Zhu Zhen 朱瑱 888–923 Modi 末帝 913–923

Later Tang

The Later Tang ruled between 923 and 937.

Later Tang rulers
Adopted Marriage Li Keyong 李克用 856–908 Li Ni 李霓 Li Cunxu 李存勖 885–926 Zhuangzong 莊宗 923–926 Li Siyuan 李嗣源 867–933 Mingzong 明宗 926–933 Li Congke 李從珂 885–937 Modi 末帝 934–937 Li Congyi 李從益 931-947 Prince of Xu 許王 Li Congrong 李從榮d.933 Prince of Qin 秦王 Li Conghou 李從厚 914–934 Mindi 愍帝 933–934 Empress Li d.950 Shi Jingtang 石敬瑭 Gaozu of Later Jin 高祖 892–936–942 Li Chongmei 李重美 d.937 Prince of Yong 雍王

Later Jin

The Later Jin ruled between 936 and 947.

Later Jin rulers family tree
adopted Marriage Li Siyuan 李嗣源 Mingzong 明宗 of (Later) Tang 867–926–933 Shi Shaoyong 石紹雍 Empress Li d.950 Shi Jingtang 石敬瑭 892–942 Gaozu 高祖 936–942 Shi Jingru 石敬儒 Shi Chonggui 石重貴 914–974 Chudi 出帝 942–947

Later Han and Northern Han

The Later Han ruled between 947 and 951. Liu Min, brother of Emperor Gaozu the founder of the Later Han, established the Northern Han kingdom, which ruled the area north of the Chinese heartland until it was overrun by Emperor Taizong of Song in 979.

The family tree of the Later Han and Northern Han rulers
- Later Han emperors;   - Northern Han emperors adopted Marriage Liu Tian 劉琠 Xianzu 显祖 Liu Zhiyuan 劉知遠 895–948 Gaozu 高祖 947–948 Liu Min 劉旻 895–954 Shizu 世祖 951–954 Liu Chengyou 劉承祐 931–951 Yindi 隱帝 948–951 Liu Yun 劉贇 d.951; r.950 Liu Jun 劉钧 926–968 Ruizong 睿宗 954–968 Xue Zhao 薛钊 Lady Liu 劉氏 Mr. He 何某 Liu Jien 劉继恩 d. 968 Shaozhu 少主 968 Liu Jiyuan 劉继元 d. 992 Yingwudi 英武帝 968–979

Later Zhou

The Later Zhou ruled between 951 and 960.

Later Zhou
Mr. Chai 柴翁 Chai Shouli 柴守礼 896–967 Empress Shengmu 圣穆皇后 Guo Wei 郭威 904–954 Taizu 太祖 951–954 Chai Rong 柴榮 921–959 Shizong 世宗 954–959 Chai Zongxun 柴宗训 953–973 Gongdi 恭帝 959–960

Former Shu

Former Shu
Wang Jian 王建 847–918 Gaozu 高祖 907–918 Wang Yan 王衍 899–925 Houzhu 后主 918–925

Later Shu

The Later Shu kingdom gained independence from the Later Tang in 934, remaining an independent state until conquered by the Song dynasty in 965.

Later Shu
Li Keyong 李克用 856–908 Lady Li d.932 Meng Zhixiang 孟知祥 874–934 Gaozu 高祖 934 Empress Dowager Li 李太后d.965 Meng Chang 孟昶 919–965 Houzhu 后主 934–965 Consort Xu 徐惠妃 c.940–976 Madame Huarui 花蕊夫人 Meng Xuanzhe 孟玄喆 937-991 Duke of Teng 滕國公

Wu and Southern Tang

The Wu kingdom existed as an independent state 907–937. In 937 Li Bian (also known as Xu Zhigao), at one point an adopted son of Yang Xingmi and later the adopted son of the paramount general Xu Wen, usurped power and established the Southern Tang kingdom, which remained an independent state until conquered by the Song dynasty in 975.

Southern Tang and Wu

- Wu emperors;   - Southern Tang emperors Yang Xingmi 杨行密 874–905 Taizu 太祖 902–905 Xu Wen 徐溫 862–927 Yizu 義祖 Yang Wo 杨渥 886–908 Liezu 烈祖 (905–)907–908 Yang Longyan 897–920 Gaozu 高祖 908–920 Yang Pu 杨溥 900–938 Ruidi 睿帝 920–937 Li Bian 李昪 888–943 Liezu 烈祖 937–943 Xú Zhīxùn (elder) 徐知訓 d.918 Xú Zhīxùn 徐知詢 d.934 Kang of Donghai 東海康王 Yang Lian 杨琏 d.940 Jing of Hongnong 弘農靖王 Princess Yongxing 永兴公主 917－940 Princess Shangrao 上饶公主 d.937 Xu Jingqian 徐景遷 919-937 Ding of Chu 楚定王 Li Jing 李璟 916–961 Yuanzong 元宗 943–961 Li Jingsui 李景遂 920-958 Cr. Prince Wencheng 文成太弟 Li Jingda 李景達 924-971 Cr. Prince Zhaoxiao 昭孝太弟 Li Yu 李煜 937–978 Houzhu 后主 961–975

Wuyue

Rulers family tree
Qian Liu 錢鏐 850-932 Taìzǔ (太祖) r.907-9321 Qian Yuanguan 錢元瓘 887-941 Shìzōng (世宗) r.932-9412 Qian Hongzun 錢弘僔 925－940 Qian Hongzuo 錢弘佐 928-947 Chéngzōng (成宗) r.941-9473 Qián Zōng 錢倧 928-971 r.9474 Qian Chu 錢俶 929–988 Zhongyi (忠懿王) r.947-9785

Min

Min
Wang Nin 王恁 Wang Chao 王潮 b.846-d.898 Wang Shenzhi 王審知 b.862–d.925 Tàizǔ 太祖 r.909－925 Wang Shengui 王審邽 b.858－d.904 Wang Yanhan 王延翰 r.925－926; d.927 Wang Yanjun 王延鈞 d.935 Huìzōng 惠宗 r.927－935 Wang Yanxi 王延羲 d.944 Jǐngzōng (景宗) r.939－944 Wang Yanzheng 王延政 d.951 Tiande (天德帝) r.943－945 Wang Jipeng 王繼鵬 d.939 Kāngzōng (康宗) r.935－939

Chu

Chu
Ma Yin 馬殷 (b.853-d.930) Wumu 楚武穆王 r.907-930 Ma Xizhen 馬希振 Ma Xisheng 馬希聲 899-932 r.930-932 Ma Xifan 馬希範 (899-947) Wénzhāo 文昭 r.932-947 Ma Xiwang 馬希旺 d.~933 Ma Xigao 馬希杲 d.945 Mǎ Xī'è 馬希萼 r.950-951 Mǎ Xīchóng 馬希崇 b.912 r.950-951 Mǎ Xīguǎng 馬希廣 d.950 r.947-950 Mǎ Guānghuì 马光惠

Southern Han

Southern Han
Liu Zhiqian 劉知謙 (d. 894) Liu Yin 劉隱 b.874–d.911 Liu Yan 劉龑 889–942 Gaozu 高祖 r.917-942 Liu Tai 劉台 Emperor Huizong of Min Liu Hua 劉華 b.896-d.930 Liu Hongchang 劉弘昌 d.944 Prince of Yue 越王 Liu Bin 劉玢 920-943 Shāng 殤皇 r.942-943 Liu Sheng 劉晟 920–958 Zhongzong r.943-958 Liu Honggao 劉弘杲 d.943 Prince of Xun 循王 Liu Chang 劉鋹 942–980 r.958-971

Jingnan

Rulers family tree
Gao Jixing 高季興 b.858-d.929 Wǔxìng 武信 r.924-928 Gao Conghui 高從誨 891-948 Wénxiàn 文獻 r.928-948 Gao Baoxu 高保勗 924-962 Zhenan 貞安王 r.960-962 Gao Baorong 高保融 920-960 Zhenyi 貞懿王 r.948-960 Gao Jichong 高繼沖 943–973 Deren 德仁王 r.962-963

Song dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Song dynasty, which ruled China between 960 and 1279. The names given are temple names, the form by which Song Emperors are most commonly known (with the exception of the last emperor, Bing, who is simply known by his given name). The Song dynasty is often divided into the Northern Song (960–1127), which ended when the Song lost control of Northern China to the Jin dynasty, and the Southern Song (1127–1279).

Song dynasty

- Northern Song emperors   - Southern Song emperors                                   adoption             Zhao Hongyin 趙弘殷 899–956 Xuanzu 宣祖                                                                                     2   3                         Zhao Kuangyin 趙匡胤 927–976 Taizu 太祖 960–976   Zhao Guangyi 趙光義 939–997 Taizong 太宗 976–997                                                                                     2   4   3   4         Zhao Dezhao 趙德昭 951–979 Prince Yi of Yan 燕懿王   Zhao Defang 趙德芳 959–981 Prince Kanghui of Qin 秦康惠王   Zhao Heng 趙恆 968–1022 Zhenzong 真宗 997–1022   Zhao Yuanfen 趙元份 969–1005 Prince Gongjing of Shang 商恭靖王                                                       2   2   6   3         Zhao Weiji 趙惟吉 Prince Ji 冀王   Zhao Weixian 趙惟憲 979–1016 Duke of Ying 英國公   Zhao Zhen 趙禎 1010–1063 Renzong 仁宗 1022–1063   Zhao Yunrang 趙允讓 995–1059 Prince Anyi of Pu 濮安懿王                                                                 4   3           13         Zhao Shoudu 趙守度 Marquess of Lujiang 庐江侯   Zhao Congyu 趙從郁 Marquess of Xinxing 新興侯           Zhao Shu 趙曙 1032–1067 Yingzong 英宗 1063–1067                                                                                 1         Zhao Shikuo 趙世括 Duke of Jia 嘉国公   Zhao Shijiang 趙世將 Marquess of Huayin 華陰侯           Zhao Xu 趙頊 1048–1085 Shenzong 神宗 1067–1085                                                                                       6   11         Zhao Lingjia 趙令稼 Duke of Fang 房国公   Zhao Linghua 趙令譮 Duke of Qing 慶國公   Zhao Xu 趙煦 1076–1100 Zhezong 哲宗 1085–1100   Zhao Ji 趙佶 1082–1135 Huizong 徽宗 1100–1126                                                                                       1   9         Zhao Zishi 趙子奭 Duke of Wu 吳國公   Zhao Zicheng 趙子偁 d.1143 Prince Anxi of Xiu 秀安僖王   Zhao Huan 趙桓 1100–1161 Qinzong 欽宗 1126–1127   Zhao Gou 趙構 1107–1187 Gaozong 高宗 1127–1162                                                                                   2                         Zhao Bowu 趙伯旿 Duke of Yi 益國公   Zhao Shen 趙昚 1127–1194 Xiaozong 孝宗 1162–1189                                                                             3                         Zhao Shiyi 趙師意 Duke of Zhao 趙國公   Zhao Dun 趙惇 1147–1200 Guangzong 光宗 1189–1194                                                                             2                         Zhao Xilu 趙希瓐 Prince Rong 榮王   Zhao Kuo 趙擴 1168–1224 Ningzong 寧宗 1194–1224                                                                                                                                       1   2                         Zhao Yun 趙昀 1205–1264 Lizong 理宗 1224–1264   Zhao Yurui 趙與芮 1207–1287 Prince Rong 榮王                                                                                   Zhao Mengqi 趙孟启 1240–1274 Duzong 度宗 1264–1274                                                                                           1   2   3                 Zhao Shi 趙昰 1268–1278 Duanzong 端宗 1276–1278   Zhao Xian 趙顯 1271–1323 Gongdi 恭帝 1274–1276   Zhao Bing 趙昺 1271–1279 Bing 昺 1278–1279

Northern Border Empires

Liao dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Liao dynasty, which ruled much of northern China between 907 and 1125. The names given are temple names, the form by which Liao Emperors are most commonly known (with the exception of the last emperor, Tianzuodi, who was not awarded a temple name).

Yelü clan - Liao dynasty

- Liao dynasty emperors   - Dongdan Kingdom rulers   - Northern Liao rulers   - Qara Khitai rulers   - Tribal leaders Yelü Nieli 耶律涅里 Yelü Pidie 耶律毗牒 Yelü Keling 耶律頦領 Yelü Noulisi 耶律耨里思 Suzu 肅祖 Yelü Salade 耶律薩剌德 Yizu 辽懿祖 Yelü Yundeshi 耶律勻德實 Xuanzu 辽玄祖 Yelü Saladi 耶律撤剌的 Dezu 辽德祖 Yelü Abaoji 耶律阿保機 Taizu 太祖 872–907–926 Yelü Anduan 耶律安端 ?-947-952 Yelü Bei 耶律倍 Yizong 辽义宗 899-926- 930-937 Queen Xiao of Dongdan Kingdom 人皇王妃萧氏 ?-930-940 Yelü Deguang 耶律德光 Taizong 太宗 902–926–947 Yelü Lihu 耶律李胡 911-960 Zhangsudi 辽章肃帝 □ Yelü Ruan 耶律阮 Shizong 世宗 918–947–951 Yelü Jing 耶律璟 Muzong 穆宗 931–951–969 □ Yelü Xian 耶律賢 Jingzong 景宗 948–969–982 □ Yelü Longxu 耶律隆緒 Shengzong 聖宗 971–982–1031 □ Yelü Zongzhen 耶律宗真 Xingzong 興宗 1015–1031–1055 Liáo sì Yuándì 辽嗣元帝 Yelü Hongji 耶律洪基 Daozong 道宗 1032–1055–1101 Yelü Hélǔwò 耶律和魯斡 仁圣皇太叔 ?-1110 Yelü Āliǎn 耶律阿璉 ?-1087 □ Yelü Jun 耶律浚 1057–1077 Shunzong 顺宗 Yelü Chun 耶律淳 Xuanzong 宣宗 1062-1122 Empress Dowager Xiao Puxiannü 蕭普賢女 ?-1122 Yelü Zhulie 耶律朮烈 Yingzong 英宗 ?-1123 Yelü Dashi 耶律大石 Dezong 德宗 1087-1124-1143 Xiao Tabuyan 蕭塔不煙 Empress Gantian 感天皇后 ?-1143-1150 Yelü Yangxi 耶律延禧 1075–1128 Tianzuodi 天祚帝 1101–1125 Empress Dowager Xiao Feng 蕭德妃 ?-1122-1123 Yelü Yilie 耶律夷列 Renzong 仁宗 ?-1150-1163 Yelü Pusuwan 耶律普速完 Empress Dowager Chengtian 承天太后 ?-1163-1178 Yelü Yali 耶律雅里 1094-1123 Yelü Ding ?-1122-1123 Yelü Zhilugu 耶律直魯古 Mozhu 末主 / Modi 末帝 ?-1178-1211-1213 Taibuqa Tayang Khan of Naimans ?-1211 Princess Húnhū 渾忽公主 Küçlüg 屈出律 Usurper of Qara Khitai ?-1211-1218

Jin dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Jin dynasty. Arising from a family of Jurchen chieftains (whose years of rule are given in brackets), the dynasty was declared by Aguda in 1115; in 1125 his successor Wuqimai conquered the Liao dynasty. The Jin ruled much of northern China until their conquest by the Mongol Empire 1234. They were the ancestors of the Qing dynasty, which was initially named the Later Jin in recognition of this heritage. The names given are temple names, the form by which Jin emperors are most commonly known (with the exceptions of the Prince of Hailing, Prince Shao of Wei and Emperor Mo; these are posthumous names, as temple names were not awarded).

Emperors family tree

Hanpu 函普 Shizu 始祖 Wulu 烏魯 Emperor De 德皇帝 Bahai 跋海 Emperor An 安皇帝 Suike 綏可 Xianzu 獻祖 Shilu 石魯 Zhaozu 昭祖 Wugunai 烏骨迺 Jingzu 景祖 ~1050–1021–1074 Helibo 劾里缽 Shizu 世祖 1039–1074–1092 Polashu 頗刺淑 Suzong 肅宗 1042–1092–1094 Yingge 盈歌 Muzong 穆宗 1053–1094–1103 Hezhe 劾者 d.1121 Wuyashu 烏雅束 Kangzong 康宗 1061–1103–1113 Aguda 阿骨打 Taizu 太祖 1068-(1113)1115–1123 Wuqimai 吳乞買 Taizong 太宗 1075–1123–1135 □ Sagai 撒改 Wanyan Zongjun 完顏宗峻 d.1124 Huizong 徽宗 Wanyan Zonggan 完顏宗幹 d.1141 Dezong 德宗 Wanyan Zongfu 完顏宗輔 1096–1135 Ruizong 睿宗 Nianhan 粘罕 1080–1136 Hela 合剌 Xizong 熙宗 1119–1135–1149 Wanyan Liang 完顏亮 Pr. of Hailing 海陵王 1122–1149–1161 Wanyan Yong 完顏雍 Shizong 世宗 1123–1161–1189 Wanyan Yungong 完顏允恭 1146–1185 Xianzong 顯宗 Wanyan Yongji 完顏永濟 Pr. Shao of Wei 衛紹王 1168–1209–1213 Wanyan Jing 完顏璟 Zhangzong 章宗 1168–1190–1208 Wanyan Xun 完顏珣 Xuanzong 宣宗 1163–1213–1223 Wanyan Shouxu 完顏守緒 1234 Aizong 哀宗 1198–1224–1234 Wanyan Chenglin 完顏承麟 Emperor Mo 末帝 r.1234; d.1234

Western Xia and Dingnan Jiedushi

The following is a family tree of the military governor (Jiedushi) of Dingnan Circuit, the region that eventually evolved into the independent state of Western Xia, that existed between 1038 and 1227, followed by the family tree of the Western Xia emperors.

The Tuoba clan of the Xianbei of Tuyuhun founded the Western Xia. After the Tibetans destroyed the Tuyuhun in 670, its famous prince, Tuoba Chici, who controlled the Dangxiang Qiang submitted to the Tang, which "bestowed" upon him the royal name of Li (李). Towards the end of the Tang, the Tuoba brought troops to suppress the Huang Chao Rebellion (874–884) on behalf of the Tang court and took control of the Xia State, or Xia Zhou, in northern Shaanxi in 881. After the Tang fell in 907, the Tuoba descendants formally declared resistance against the expanding Northern Song in 982 and proclaimed independence to establish the Western Xia in 1038.

The foundation of Western Xia goes back to the year 982 under Li Jiqian. However, only in 1038 did the Tangut chieftain Li Yuanhao (son of Li Deming, named himself emperor of Da Xia and demanded the Song emperor recognise him as an equal. The Song court recognised Li Yuanhao as governor but not as "emperor", a title it regarded as exclusive to the Song emperor. After intense diplomatic contacts, in 1043 the Tangut state accepted the recognition of the Song emperor as emperor in exchange for annual gifts, which implied tacit recognition on the part of the Song of the military power of the Tangut.

Family tree of the Western Xia emperors and the rulers of Dingnan
Possibly Dai state ancestor? (family) skipped generations Li/Tuoba Chici 李/拓跋赤辭 ?-?-634-? skipped generations DINGNAN JIEDUSHI Tuoba Chongjian 拓跋重建 Li Sijing 李思敬 Li/Tuoba Sigong 李/拓跋思恭 ?-881-886 Li Siyao 李思瑶 Li Sixiao 李思孝 Li Sijian 李思諫 ?-895-896-908 Li Sizhong 李思忠 Li Renyou 李仁祐 Li Chengqing 李成庆 896–? Li Renfu 李仁福 ?-909-931 □ Li Renyan 李仁颜 Li Yiyun 李彝氲 Li Yixing 李彝興 ?-935-967 Li Yichao 李彝超 ?-933-935 Li Yiwen 李彝温 Li Yimin 李彝敏 d.943 Li Yijin 李彝谨 Li Yijun 李彝俊 Li Yichang 李彝昌 ?-908-909/910 Li Yijing 李彝景 Li Kexian 李克宪 Li Guangmei 李光美 Li Guangsui 李光遂 Li Kerui 李克睿 935-967-978 Li Kexin 李克信 Li Guanglian 李光琏 Li Guangyi 李光义 Li Guangyan 李光俨 Li Guangpu 李光普 Li Guangxin 李光新 Li Kewen 李克文 Li Jiyun 李继筠 957-978-979 Li Jipeng 李继捧 957-980-982 -988-994-1004 Li Guangxiu 李光琇 Li Guanglin 李光璘 Li Guangcong 李光琮 Li Jiqian 李繼遷 963–982-1004 Li Jichong Li Jiyuan 李继瑗 Liyongge 李永哥 Li Pilu 李丕禄 Li Deming 李德明 981–1004-1032 WESTERN XIA Li Yuanhao 李元昊 1003-1048 Jingzong r.1038-10481 Li Chengyu 李成遇 Li Chengwei 嵬名锡狸 嵬名阿哩 嵬名寧明 嵬名寧令哥 □ Li Liangzuo 李諒祚 (1047–1068) Yizong r.1048-10682 Li Bingchang 李秉常 1061-1086 Huizong 嵬名秉常 r.1068-10863 Li Qianshun 李乾順 (1084–1139) Chongzong r.1086-11394 嵬名察哥 Li Renxiao 李仁孝 (1124–1193) Renzong 仁宗 r.1139-11935 Li Renyou 李仁友 Li Yanzong 李彦宗 Li Chunyou 李純佑 (1177-1206) Huanzong 桓宗 r.1193-12066 Li Anquan 李安全 1170-1211 Xiangzong 襄宗 r.1206-12117 Li Zunxu 李遵頊 (1163-1226) Shenzong 神宗 r.1211-12238 嵬名承祯 Li Deren 李德任 Li Dewang 李德旺 (1181-1226) Xianzong 獻宗 r.1223-12269 清平郡王 Li Xian 李睍 (d.1227) Modi/ Mozhu r.1226-122710
Notes:

References

• Drompp, Michael Robert (2005). Tang China and the collapse of the Uighur Empire: a documentary history. Volume 13 of Brill's Inner Asian library (illustrated ed.). BRILL. ISBN 9004141294. Retrieved February 8, 2012. 
• Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1934). The Chinese: their history and culture, Volume 1 (2 ed.). Macmillan. Retrieved February 8, 2012. 
• Victor H. Mair; Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt; Paul Rakita Goldin (2005). Victor H. Mair; Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt; Paul Rakita Goldin, eds. Hawai'i reader in traditional Chinese culture (illustrated ed.). University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0824827856. Retrieved February 8, 2012. 
• Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1889). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 21. Volume the Twenty-First. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 13, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall: Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society. Retrieved February 8, 2012.