Child Act 2001

Child Act 2001
Parliament of Malaysia
An Act to consolidate and amend the laws relating to the care, protection and rehabilitation of children and to provide for matters connected therewith and incidental thereto.
Citation Act 611
Territorial extent Throughout Malaysia
Enacted by Dewan Rakyat
Date passed 17 October 2000
Enacted by Dewan Negara
Date passed 18 December 2000
Date of Royal Assent 15 February 2001
Date commenced 1 March 2001
Date effective 1 August 2002, P.U. (B) 229/2002
Legislative history
Bill introduced in the Dewan Rakyat Child Bill 2000
Bill citation D.R. 27/2000
Introduced by Siti Zaharah Sulaiman, Minister of National Unity and Community Development
First reading 17 July 2000
Second reading 16 October 2000
Third reading 17 October 2000
Bill introduced in the Dewan Negara Child Bill 2000
Bill citation D.R. 27/2000
Introduced by S. Veerasingam, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of National Unity and Community Development
First reading 6 December 2000
Second reading 18 December 2000
Third reading 18 December 2000
Amendments
Child (Modification) Order 2003 [P.U. (A) 7/2003]
Related legislation
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
Juvenile Courts Act 1947 [Act 90]
Women and Girls Protection Act 1973 [Act 106]
Child Protection Act 1991 [Act 468]
Keywords
Child protection, child development
Status: In force

The Child Act 2001 (Malay: Akta Kanak-Kanak 2001) is a Malaysian law which served to consolidate the Juvenile Courts Act 1947 [Act 90], the Women and Girls Protection Act 1973 [Act 106], and the Child Protection Act 1991 [Act 468].[1] It was enacted partially in order to fulfill Malaysia's obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. However, it retains the option of corporal punishment for child offenders.[2] In December 2004, members of the legal community suggested that the law needed review, despite its newness, in order to clarify its criminal procedures.[3] One example of the Act's unclarity was brought to light in a 2007 case involving a 13-year-old convicted of murder. Under Section 97(1) of the Act, capital punishment may not be applied to children; Sections 97(2), 97(3), and 97(4) make provisions for alternative punishments for offences which would result in the death penalty if committed by adults, namely detention at the pleasure of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. However, Section 97(2) was overturned by the Court of Appeal in July 2007 on the grounds that it violated the Constitution of Malaysia's doctrine of separation of powers, leading to the situation that no punishment at all could be rendered.[2]

The Act was meant to give further protection to child offenders.[4] There are, however, a number of shortcomings missing from the Act. Besides the uncertainty of detention period under Section 97, another omission is the maximum length of the remand order. For an adult offender, Section 117 of the Criminal Procedure Code provides for a maximum of 14 days remand. Section 84(2) of the Child Act simply allows the court to make a remand order without prescribing the maximum length of remand. This problem was subsequently remedied in a 2003 case which held that the Criminal Procedure Code would govern the remand period of a child.

With regards to the trial procedure, an adult accused has the option to give a sworn evidence, unsworn evidence, or remain silent. The Child Act does not provide for any right to remain silent. Section 90(9) merely allows the child to give sworn or unsworn evidence.

Additional protection

The Act has provided extra protection for a child offender especially with regards to the privacy of the child. The trial for the Court for Children shall be in closed court (in camera). Only certain specified persons are allowed to attend the trial. There now a legal duty for the parents of the child to attend the trial.

It also contains provisions to protect the child from associating with adult offenders in prison or elsewhere.

Preamble

Preamble of the Act provides the following recognizations and acknowledgements:

  1. RECOGNIZING that the country’s vision of a fully developed nation is one where social justice and moral, ethical and spiritual developments are just as important as economic development in creating a civil Malaysian society which is united, progressive, peaceful, caring, just and humane
  2. RECOGNIZING that a child is not only a crucial component of such a society but also the key to its survival, development and prosperity
  3. ACKNOWLEDGING that a child, by reason of his physical, mental and emotional immaturity, is in need of special safeguards, care and assistance, after birth, to enable him to participate in and contribute positively towards the attainment of the ideals of a civil Malaysian society
  4. RECOGNIZING every child is entitled to protection and assistance in all circumstances without regard to distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, social origin or physical, mental or emotional disabilities or any other status
  5. ACKNOWLEDGING the family as the fundamental group in society which provides the natural environment for the growth, support and well-being of all its members, particularly children, so that they may develop in an environment of peace, happiness, love and understanding in order to attain the full confidence, dignity and worth of the human person
  6. RECOGNIZING the role and responsibility of the family in society, that they be afforded the necessary assistance to enable them to fully assume their responsibilities as the source of care, support, rehabilitation and development of children in society

Structure

The Child Act 2001, in its current form (1 January 2006), consists of 15 Parts containing 135 sections and 2 schedules (including 1 amendment).

First Schedule

[Paragraphs 15(1)(c) and 17(1)(i)]

Offences under sections 299 to 301, 304 to 304A, 305 to 309A, 312 to 319, 321 to 322, 324, 326 to 340, 345 to 351, 353 to 358, 360 to 362, 364 to 373A, 374 to 375, 377, 377A, 377C to 377E of the Penal Code.

Second Schedule

[Section 45]

1. Offences punishable under Part VI of this Act.

2. Offences—

(a) punishable under sections 309, 312 to 313, 354, 370 to 373, 373A, 376 to 377 of the Penal Code; or

(b) involving any acts or matters defined in sections 321 to 322, 339 to 340, 350 to 351, 360 to 362 of the Penal Code.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Malaysia Child Act 2001". UNICEF. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
  2. 1 2 Hussein, Ranita (2007-08-05). "Comment: Crime, punishment and the child offender". The New Straits Times. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
  3. ↑ Theophilus, Claudia (2004-12-07). "Bar Council: Child Act needs urgent review". Malaysiakini. Archived from the original on 2007-09-07. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
  4. ↑ Singh Sidhu, Baljit (May 2003). "An Overview of the Child Act 2001 and the Criminal Procedure Aspects". The Malayan Law Journal. 2.
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