List of Chief Ministers of Kerala

Chief Minister of Kerala
Incumbent
Pinarayi Vijayan
since 25 May 2016
Residence Cliff House, Nanathancode, Thiruvananthapuram[1]
Appointer Governor of Kerala
Inaugural holder E. M. S. Namboodiripad
Formation 5 April 1957

The Chief Minister of Kerala is the chief executive of the Indian state of Kerala. As per the Constitution of India, the governor is a state's de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Kerala Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.[2]

The origins of Kerala lie in the princely states of Travancore and Cochin. Following India's independence from the British Raj in 1947, these states' rulers instituted a measure of representative government, headed by a Premier and his Council of Ministers. On 1 July 1949 Travancore and Cochin were merged to form Travancore-Cochin state. In 1956, the States Reorganisation Act redrew India's map along linguistic lines, and the present-day state of Kerala was born, comprising solely Malayalam-speaking districts.

Since 1957, 12 people have served as the Chief Minister of Kerala. The first was E. M. S. Namboodiripad of the Communist Party of India, whose tenure was cut short by the imposition of President's rule. Since 1980 the office has alternated between leaders of the Indian National Congress and of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). The incumbent chief minister is Pinarayi Vijayan of the CPI(M), who was sworn in on 25 May 2016.

Premiers of Travancore

No Name Term[3][4]
(tenure length)		 Assembly
(election)		 Party
1 Pattom A. Thanu Pillai 24 March 1948 17 October 1948 210 days Representative Body (1948–49) Indian National Congress
2 Parur T. K. Narayana Pillai 22 October 1948 1 July 1949 253 days

Premiers of Cochin

No Name Term[3]
(tenure length)		 Assembly
(election)		 Party
1 Panampilly Govinda Menon 14 August 1947 22 October 1947 51 days Sixth Council (1945–48) None
2 T. K. Nair 27 October 1947 20 September 1948 334 days
3 E. Ikkanda Warrier 20 September 1948 30 June 1949 283 days Legislative Assembly (1948–49)

Chief Ministers of Travancore-Cochin

After India's independence in 1947, Travancore and Cochin were merged to form Travancore-Cochin on 1 July 1949. On 1 January 1950, Travancore-Cochin was recognised as a state.

No Name Term[3]
(tenure length)		 Assembly
(election)		 Party[lower-alpha 1]
1 Parur T. K. Narayana Pillai 1 July 1949 1 March 1951 1 year, 243 days First Assembly (1949–51) Indian National Congress
2 C. Kesavan 3 March 1951 12 March 1952 1 year, 11 days
3 A. J. John 12 March 1952 16 March 1954 2 years, 4 days Second Assembly (1952–53)
(1951 election)
4 Pattom A. Thanu Pillai 16 March 1954 10 February 1955 331 days Third Assembly (1954–56)
(1954 election)		 Praja Socialist Party
5 Panampilly Govinda Menon 10 February 1955 23 March 1956 1 year, 42 days Indian National Congress
– Vacant[lower-alpha 2]
(President's rule)		 23 March 1956 5 April 1957 1 year, 13 days Dissolved N/A

Chief Ministers of Kerala

The Government of India's 1 November 1956 States Reorganisation Act inaugurated the new Kerala state, incorporating Malabar District, Travancore-Cochin (excluding 4 southern Taluks which were merged with Tamil Nadu), and the taluk of Kasaragod, South Kanara. A new Legislative Assembly was also created, for which elections were held in 1957.

No[lower-alpha 3] Name Term[6][7]
(tenure length)		 Assembly[8]
(election)		 Party[lower-alpha 1]
1 E. M. S. Namboodiripad
MLA for Nileshwaram		 5 April 1957 31 July 1959 848 days First Assembly (1957–59)
(1957 election)		 Communist Party of India
– Vacant[lower-alpha 2]
(President's rule)		 31 July 1959 22 February 1960 Dissolved N/A
2 Pattom A. Thanu Pillai
MLA for Trivandrum II		 22 February 1960 26 September 1962 583 days Second Assembly (1960–64)
(1960 election)		 Praja Socialist Party
3 R. Sankar
MLA for Cannanore I		 26 September 1962 10 September 1964 715 days Indian National Congress
– Vacant[lower-alpha 2]
(President's rule)		 10 September 1964 6 March 1967 Dissolved N/A
(1) E. M. S. Namboodiripad
MLA for Pattambi		 6 March 1967 1 November 1969 972 days
[Total 1,820 days]		 Third Assembly (1967–70)
(1967 election)		 Communist Party of India (Marxist)
4 C. Achutha Menon
MLA for Kottarakkara		 1 November 1969 1 August 1970 273 days Communist Party of India
– Vacant[lower-alpha 2]
(President's rule)		 4 August 1970 3 October 1970 Dissolved N/A
(4) C. Achutha Menon
MLA for Kodakara		 4 October 1970 25 March 1977 2,365 days
[Total 2,638 days]		 Fourth Assembly (1970–77)
(1970 election)		 Communist Party of India
5 K. Karunakaran
MLA for Mala		 25 March 1977 25 April 1977 32 days Fifth Assembly (1977–79)
(1977 election)		 Indian National Congress
6 A. K. Antony 27 April 1977 27 October 1978 550 days
7 P. K. Vasudevan Nair
MLA for Alleppey		 29 October 1978 7 October 1979 343 days Communist Party of India
8 C. H. Mohammed Koya
MLA for Malappuram		 12 October 1979 1 December 1979 51 days Indian Union Muslim League
– Vacant[lower-alpha 2]
(President's rule)		 5 December 1979 25 January 1980 Dissolved N/A
9 E. K. Nayanar
MLA for Malampuzha		 25 January 1980 20 October 1981 635 days Sixth Assembly (1980–82)
(1980 election)		 Communist Party of India (Marxist)
– Vacant[lower-alpha 2]
(President's rule)		 21 October 1981 28 December 1981 N/A
(5) K. Karunakaran
MLA for Mala		 28 December 1981 17 March 1982 81 days Indian National Congress
– Vacant[lower-alpha 2]
(President's rule)		 17 March 1982 23 May 1982 Dissolved N/A
(5) K. Karunakaran
MLA for Mala		 24 May 1982 25 March 1987 1,766 days Seventh Assembly (1982–87)
(1982 election)		 Indian National Congress
(9) E. K. Nayanar
MLA for Trikaripur		 26 March 1987 17 June 1991 1,544 days Eighth Assembly (1987–91)
(1987 election)		 Communist Party of India (Marxist)
(5) K. Karunakaran
MLA for Mala		 24 June 1991 16 March 1995 1,361 days
[Total 3,240 days]		 Ninth Assembly (1991–95)
(1991 election)		 Indian National Congress
(6) A. K. Antony 22 March 1995 9 May 1996 415 days
(9) E. K. Nayanar
MLA for Tellicherry		 20 May 1996 13 May 2001 1,820 days
[Total 3,999 days]		 Tenth Assembly (1996–2001)
(1996 election)		 Communist Party of India (Marxist)
(6) A. K. Antony
MLA for Sherthalai		 17 May 2001 29 August 2004 1,201 days
[Total 2,166 days]		 Eleventh Assembly (2001–06)
(2001 election)		 Indian National Congress
10 Oommen Chandy
MLA for Puthuppally		 31 August 2004 12 May 2006 626 days
11 V. S. Achuthanandan
MLA for Malampuzha		 18 May 2006 14 May 2011 1,822 days Twelfth Assembly (2006–11)
(2006 election)		 Communist Party of India (Marxist)
(10) Oommen Chandy
MLA for Puthuppally		 18 May 2011 20 May 2016 1,829 days

[Total 2,455 days]

 Thirteenth Assembly (2011–16)
(2011 election)		 Indian National Congress
12 Pinarayi Vijayan
MLA for Dharmadam		 25 May 2016 Incumbent 444 days Fourteenth Assembly (2016–21)
(2016 election)[9]		 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

See also

Notes

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he headed may have been a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 When President's rule is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved.[5]
  3. ↑ A number inside brackets indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.

References

  1. ↑ Official web site of the Government of Kerala, Page on the Chief Minister
  2. ↑ Durga Das Basu. Introduction to the Constitution of India. 1960. 20th Edition, 2011 Reprint. pp. 241, 245. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. ISBN 978-81-8038-559-9. Note: although the text talks about Indian state governments in general, it applies for the specific case of Kerala as well.
  3. 1 2 3 Responsible Governments (1947–56). Kerala Legislature. Retrieved on 22 April 2014.
  4. ↑ http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3776:history-of-kerala-legislature Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ↑ Amberish K. Diwanji. "A dummy's guide to President's rule". Rediff.com. 15 March 2005.
  6. ↑ Chief Ministers of Kerala since 1957. Kerala Legislature. Retrieved on 22 April 2014.
  7. ↑ President's rule in Kerala. Kerala Legislature. Retrieved on 22 April 2014.
  8. ↑ Duration of Each Assembly. Kerala Legislature. Retrieved on 22 April 2014.
  9. ↑ Pinarayi Vijayan Government One Year
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