Chick Parsons
| Charles Thomas Parsons, Jr. | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nickname(s) | Chick |
| Born |
April 22, 1902 Shelbyville, Tennessee, United States |
| Died |
May 12, 1988 (aged 86) Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines[1] |
| Allegiance |
 United States |
| Service/branch | United States Naval Reserve |
| Years of service | 1929-Unknown |
| Rank |
 Lieutenant Commander |
| Campaign Participation |
World War II *Philippine Islands operation *Leyte operation *Luzon operation *Manila Bay-Bicol operations *Escort, antisubmarine, armed guard and special operations |
| Awards |
  Navy Cross (2) |
| Other work |
Merchant mariner Civil Servant Businessman Panamanian Consul general |
Charles Thomas "Chick" Parsons, Jr. (April 22, 1902 – May 12, 1988) was a businessman, diplomat, and decorated World War II veteran. He was born April 22, 1902, in Shelbyville, Tennessee. Parsons died in May 1988, survived by his four sons, Michael, Peter, Patrick and Jose.
Pre-war years
Charles Parsons' interest in the Philippines occurred because two of his uncles had gone there to seek their fortune. Their letters home ignited Charles' imagination and sense of adventure. As a result, he took courses in shorthand and Spanish while in school at Chattanooga. After graduating from school, he held a job as a court reporter for a year or two. Then in 1921, at the age of 19, he arrived at Manila after working across the Pacific as a crewman on a freighter. His knowledge of shorthand and Spanish allowed him to qualify as secretary to U.S. Governor-General Leonard Wood. For three years, Parsons traveled throughout the Philippines with Wood and got to know the Filipino people, learning their language and customs, as well as picking up knowledge of Philippine geography. All this would serve him well when he later went into business for himself and served as a U.S. naval officer during the war years.[2]
A postgraduate course in commerce and his increased fluency in the local dialects allowed Parsons to find work with the Philippine Telephone and Telegraph Company. Then in 1927, he went to Zamboanga in Mindanao as a buyer of logs and lumber for the Meyer Muzzell Company. This company, financed by Mayor James Rolph of San Francisco, exported timber to the United States. This job required Parsons to travel extensively throughout Mindanao, learning details about the island and its inhabitants that would save his life many times during World War II.[2]
The Philippines had become like home to Parsons. While at Zamboanga, he met and married Katrushka (Katsy) Jurika, daughter of Stephen Jurika, a naturalized Czechoslovakian, and Blanche Walker, of Oxnard, California. At that time, Parsons was 30 years old and Katrushka was only 15, but their marriage was solid and quickly produced three sons — Michael, Peter and Patrick. The Parsons family moved to Manila in 1929, where Charles took a job managing the Luzon Stevedoring Company as "boss stevedore," which operated a fleet of tugboats, chrome and manganese mines, and other activities. Other business interests included managing the North American Trading and Importing Company, which produced alcohol from molasses discarded from sugar refining, and the La Insular Cigar and Cigarette Factory, one of the largest tobacco interests in the Philippines and owned by Spanish royalty. Ironically, due to a Filipino law requiring a 60% American or Filipino interest in a foreign company operating in the Philippines, Parsons also became president of Nihon Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, a Japanese mining company.[3]
In 1929, according to Ingham (1945), he also made another important career decision. He joined the U.S. Naval Reserve as a Lieutenant (jg), and took active duty with the Pacific fleet whenever possible.[2] However, Peter Parsons, his son, states that his father joined the U.S. Naval Reserve in 1932, and was assigned to submarines.[3]
By the fall of 1941, Charles Parsons was thirty-nine years old and anticipating an early retirement, as well as spending more time enjoying his hobby of polo. He had previously help organize the Los Tamaraos Club in Manila to insure high-quality polo games in Manila. Parsons was proud to be the "only polo-playing stevedore in the world." Then, on the night of December 8, 1941, a fellow reserve officer woke Parsons up and informed him that the entire personnel and equipment of the Luzon Stevedoring Company had been taken into the U.S. Navy. Parsons was immediately sworn into active duty as a full Lieutenant.[2] The Japanese had bombed the Philippines.
World War II
Under Japanese occupation
During the early days of the war, Lieutenant Parsons worked resupplying American submarines which came into Manila Bay, or relocating supplies to Bataan and Corregidor. As the Japanese army approached Manila at the end of 1941, Parsons spent New Year's Eve destroying what was left of the Navy's supplies in Manila, as well as the contents of the warehouses belonging to his various companies. Although recently promoted to Lieutenant Commander, he also burned his Navy uniforms as he was not retreating to Bataan with the rest of the American-Filipino forces. Before World War II broke out in the Philippines, Charles Parsons' wife, sons and Blanche Jurika, his mother-in-law, had not been evacuated with other military dependents, as the Philippines was their home. In early January, they awoke one day to find a Japanese sentry at the gate to their house, along with a sign stating that the house was now the property of the Imperial Japanese government.[2][3]
Since 1940, some Danish ships had been interned in the Philippines, as Denmark had been conquered by Germany. When America entered the war, these ships were seized and registered under the Panamanian flag. Because of this, Charles Parsons had added another title to his list when he agreed to serve as the temporary Panamanian consul until one could be dispatched from Panama. As a result, he had identification papers, with corresponding documents in Manila's government house, identifying him as such. While watching the Japanese sentry, it suddenly occurred to Parsons that he could use this position to obtain diplomatic immunity as a citizen of a neutral country. From that moment on he and his family spoke only Spanish while they were in Japanese-controlled territory. That same day, their home was designated as the Panamanian Consulate by the Japanese and they continued to live there in relative freedom. It is interesting to note that before the war, Parsons had worked with numerous Japanese citizens, some of whom became his friends, who knew of Parsons' position in the U.S. Naval Reserve. At least one of these Japanese acquaintances, "Pete" Yamanuchi, was now a Japanese naval officer. However, none of these Japanese informed on him to the occupying Japanese forces.[2][3]
Ironically, once again, due to his knowledge of the Philippines and his previous business activities, Japanese businessmen offered Parsons a position as manager of several mines, some of them his own. Parsons kindly refused, citing his diplomatic position and other responsibilities as the reason. However, Charles and Katsy Parsons, and Blanche Jurika used their time in Manila to obtain information on the Japanese and their activities, to communicate and even visit with American and Filipino soldiers who had fled to the nearby hills and jungles, and to obtain information on American prisoners held by the Japanese. Charles Parsons often did this dressed as a Filipino in peasant clothes, the disguise enhanced by his deeply tanned skin obtained from years in the tropical sun.[2][3]
However, after the Doolittle Raid on Japan in April 1942, the attitude of the Japanese occupying forces changed toward all Caucasians, even those from non-belligerent nations. Parsons was among those arrested and held for a period of time and tortured, then released because of his Panamanian diplomatic status and permitted to leave with his family in June 1942. Once his family was safely settled in the United States, he volunteered his services to help the Allied forces in the Pacific, reporting to General MacArthur.
Parsons’ extensive knowledge of the Philippines and its culture plus an established network of trusted contacts made it possible for him to travel throughout the vast archipelago and communicate effectively with Filipino and American guerrillas, escaping enemy detection. During the Japanese occupation, Parsons undertook eight secret submarine missions to the Philippines, as well as several more by air, supplying guerrillas with arms, radio equipment, medicine and other supplies. His first such mission was to Mindanao to supply and evaluate Lt. Col Wendell Fertig's guerrilla organization.[4]:136 He also organized and maintained extensive intelligence networks and coastwatcher radio stations throughout the country, which transmitted Japanese troop movements to the allied forces.
In 1944, Parsons returned to Leyte nine days ahead of MacArthur to help prepare the guerrillas for the invasion. Later, he accompanied the first troops into Manila where he arranged supplies for the starving civilians newly liberated from the Santo Tomas Internment Camp. After the war, Parsons resumed his business activities in Manila and assisted in rebuilding the country.
Awards
For his distinguished military and public service, Parsons was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross from the United States, two Navy Crosses from the United States, the Bronze Star from the United States, the Order of Saint Sylvester from the Vatican, the Order of Vasco Nunez Balboa from Panama, the Legion of Honor from the Philippines, and the Medal of Valor also from the Philippines. He never requested the Purple Heart for the several times he was wounded in skirmishes with Japanese troops, once by a saber that opened up the right side of his neck.
Footnotes
- ↑ "Film # 004700910 Image Film # 004700910; ark:/61903/3:1:939K-GR9B-24 — FamilySearch.org". Retrieved January 5, 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ingham, T. Rendezvous by Submarine. 1945.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Parsons, P. Commander Chick Parsons and the Japanese.
- ↑ Wolfert, I., 1945, American Guerrilla in the Philippines, New York: Simon and Schuster
References
- Dissette, Edward, and H.C. Adamson. (1972). Guerrilla Submarines. Balantine Books, New York. SBN 345025970125
- Ingham, Travis. 1945. Rendezvous by Submarine: The Story of Charles Parsons and the Guerrilla-Soldiers in the Philippines. Doubleday, Doran and Company. ASIN: B000W7ACKE
- Keats J. (1990). They Fought Alone. Time Life. ISBN 0-8094-8555-9
- Parsons, Peter. Commander Chick Parsons and the Japanese Related narrative by Peter Parsons, Charles Parsons' son, about his and his father's experiences before, during, and after the war.