Puerto Ricans in Chicago

Division Street (Paseo Boricua), facing east from Mozart Street, one-half block west of California Avenue.

Puerto Ricans in Chicago are people living in Chicago who have ancestral connections to the island of Puerto Rico. They have contributed to the economic, social and cultural well-being of Chicago for more than seventy years.

History

The Puerto Rican community in Chicago has a history that stretches back more than 70 years. The first Puerto Rican migration in the 1930s to Chicago was not from the island itself but from New York City, and many settled on State Street just south of the downtown hotels. Only a small number of people joined this migration. The first large wave of migration to Chicago came in the late 1940s, where many settled in the "La Clark" neighborhood around Dearborn, La Salle and Clark Street just north of downtown. Starting in 1946, many people were recruited by Castle Barton Associates and other companies as low-wage, non-union foundry workers and domestic workers in hotels and private homes. As soon as they were established in Chicago, many were joined by their spouses and families.

By the 1960s, Chicago's Puerto Rican community was displaced by urban redevelopment; they moved north and west to Old Town, Lincoln Park, Lakeview and Wicker Park later centering in West Town and Humboldt Park on the city's West Side. They first moved into nearby Lincoln Park just over the Chicago River. Puerto Rican settlement also occurred in Lawndale, also on the city's West Side. City hall-sponsored gentrification in Lincoln Park began in the early 1960s and protested by a Lincoln Park Poor People's Coalition led by the Young Lords under the leadership of Jose Cha Cha Jimenez. The Puerto Rican community then moved north and west. Puerto Ricans living in Wicker Park and Lincoln were really one large neighborhood that became divided when the Kennedy Expressway was built in the early 1950s.

The events of June 12 through 14, 1966, the Division Street riots, constituted the first major Puerto Rican urban rebellion in Chicago. The uprising took place about the time that the Chicago Police Department began taking "precautionary measures" to head off potential unrest of the type that had already occurred in African-American centers such as Harlem, Watts and North Philadelphia.

In 1977, the Puerto Rican community came into conflict with the Chicago Police Department again at the Humboldt Park riot.[1]

Present

Institute of Puerto Rican Arts and Culture.

The Puerto Rican community is establishing itself and becoming more active politically. With the support of the community, Puerto Rican leaders in Chicago leased the historic Humboldt Park stables near Paseo Boricua to house the Institute of Puerto Rican Arts and Culture.[2] About $3.4 million was spent to renovate the exterior of the building and another $3.2 million for the interior in 2006.[3] The Puerto Rican Arts Alliance is similarly enjoying growth, with expansion to its second location in Avondale in a former firehouse at the intersection of Central Park and Elbridge avenues.

According to the 2010 census, Puerto Ricans represented 3.8% of Chicago's population, with approximately 102,703 Puerto Ricans living in the city.[4] Down from 113,055 Puerto Ricans in 2000, Chicago's Puerto Rican population is currently in decline, mostly due to factors such as high cost of living/gentrification, cold weather, and high crime rate, with most moving to other states like Florida, Wisconsin, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Georgia to name a few, though some are going to some of the city's suburbs or returning to Puerto Rico. Puerto Ricans are the city's second largest Hispanic group after Mexicans, representing about 15-20% of the city's Hispanic population. Most of Chicago's remaining Puerto Rican community is found on the Northwest side of the city. The largest numbers of Puerto Ricans live in the Chicago community areas of Humboldt Park, Logan Square, Hermosa, Avondale, Austin, Belmont Cragin, Portage Park, and West Town, with Humboldt Park being their cultural and commercial center.[5][6] Currently, areas immediately west and north of the actual Humboldt Park (Chicago park) have the largest numbers of Puerto Ricans in Chicago. Significant Puerto Rican populations live in Chicago's suburbs including Waukegan, Aurora, Cicero, and Elgin.[4]

Paseo Boricua

Fiesta Boricua on Paseo Boricua.
Paseo Boricua is the first location outside the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to be granted the right to fly an official Municipal Flag of Puerto Rico.

Paseo Boricua (loosely translated as "Boricua (Puerto Rican) Promenade") is a street section in the West Side of Chicago. It is located on Division Street, between Western Avenue and California Avenue, in the neighborhood of Humboldt Park. Paseo Boricua is microcosm of the Puerto Rican community.[7][8] It is the only officially recognized Puerto Rican neighborhood in the nation. New York City, with its vast Puerto Rican population, does not have an officially designated Puerto Rican neighborhood.

Flanking this very flavorful strip on both sides are these fifty-nine feet tall Puerto Rican flags made of steel, 2 gateways that are the bookends of Paseo Boricua.[9]

Many businesses are named after Puerto Rican towns.

This street is dedicated to Puerto Rican pride including a walk of fame with the names of many outstanding Puerto Ricans.

The Humboldt Park Paseo Boricua neighborhood is the flagship of all Puerto Rican enclaves This neighborhood is the political and cultural capital of the Puerto Rican community in the Midwest.

Over time, Paseo Boricua became a place where Puerto Ricans could go to learn about their heritage. A culture center was established, and the offices of local Puerto Rican politicians relocated their offices to Division Street. Recently, the City of Chicago has set aside money for Paseo Boricua property owners who want to restore their buildings' facades.

Visitors can hear salsa, reggaeton, bomba, plena, and merengue music pulsating through the streets and smell the mouth-watering carne guisada puertorriqueña. A couple of grocers have set up shop to help buyers find those hard-to-acquire products from home, such as gandules verde, sazón, and naranja agria.

The area is visually stunning, having many colorful and historically important murals as well as two affordable housing buildings with facades and colors mimicking the Spanish colonial styles of Old San Juan. A tile mosaic of Puerto Rican baseball slugger Roberto Clemente greets visitors at one end of the street, near the high school that bears his name.

Several times a year, Paseo Boricua is fashioned in gala to celebrate important Puerto Rican holidays, such as the Three Kings Day, the Puerto Rican People's Parade, Haunted Paseo Boricua, and Fiesta Boricua with an estimated 650,000 attendees.

Puerto Rican Parade

The Puerto Rican Parade Committee of Chicago has been serving their community for over 40 years. Now in its 48th year, the six-day festival in Humboldt Park has become the largest attended Latino festival in the city of Chicago and in the Mid-West.

Education

Roberto Clemente Community Academy

Gina M. Pérez, the author of The Near Northwest Side Story: Migration, Displacement, and Puerto Rican Families, wrote that in Chicago Roberto Clemente Community Academy is known as "the Puerto Rican high school".[10] Jennifer Domino Rudolph, author of Embodying Latino Masculinities: Producing Masculatinidad wrote that the school "is strongly associated with Puerto Rican cultural nationalism".[11] Ana Y. Ramos-Zayas, author of National Performances: The Politics of Class, Race, and Space in Puerto Rican Chicago, wrote that the school was portrayed in the media as "the property of Puerto Rican nationalists" and "as part of Puerto Rico".[12]

See also


References

Notes

  1. ↑ Lowe, F., &, Blakley, D (June 5, 1977). "Humboldt Park riot". Chicago Tribune – via Proquest.
  2. ↑ "nmprac.org". nmprac.org. 15 July 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
  3. ↑ "City funds to assist conversion of Humboldt Park stables". chicagotribune.com. 22 October 2006. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
  4. 1 2 "2010 Census". Medgar Evers College. Retrieved 2010-04-13.
  5. ↑ http://www.uic.edu/cuppa/voorheesctr/Publications/60_Years_of_Migration.pdf
  6. ↑ Velazquez, Mirelsie (1 January 2014). "Solidarity and empowerment in Chicago’s Puerto Rican print culture". Lat Stud. 12 (1): 88–110. doi:10.1057/lst.2014.3. Retrieved 21 July 2016 – via www.palgrave-journals.com.
  7. ↑ Paseo Boricua: Un Pedacito de Patria en Chicago
  8. ↑ Paseo Boricua. Lonely Planet.
  9. ↑ Paseo Boricua. Hispanic Magazine. May 2003.
  10. ↑ Pérez, p. 157.
  11. ↑ Rudolph, Jennifer Domino. Embodying Latino Masculinities: Producing Masculatinidad. Palgrave Macmillan, August 6, 2012. ISBN 1137022884, 9781137022882. p. 46.
  12. ↑ Ramos-Zayas, p. 233.

Further reading

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.