Chelsea Girls

Chelsea Girls
Directed by	Andy Warhol Paul Morrissey
Produced by	Andy Warhol
Written by	Ronald Tavel Andy Warhol
Starring	Nico Brigid Berlin Ondine Gerard Malanga Eric Emerson Mary Woronov Mario Montez Ingrid Superstar International Velvet
Music by	The Velvet Underground
Cinematography	Andy Warhol Paul Morrissey (uncredited)
Release date	September 15, 1966 (1966-09-15) (U.S.)
Running time	210 min. (approx.)
Country	United States
Budget	$3,000 (approx.)

Chelsea Girls is a 1966 experimental underground film directed by Andy Warhol and Paul Morrissey. The film was Warhol's first major commercial success after a long line of avant-garde art films (both feature length and short). It was shot at the Hotel Chelsea and other locations in New York City, and follows the lives of several of the young women who live there, and stars many of Warhol's superstars. It is presented in a split screen, accompanied by alternating soundtracks attached to each scene and an alternation between black-and-white and color photography. The original cut runs at just over three hours long.^[1]

The title, Chelsea Girls, is a reference to the location in which the film takes place. It was the inspiration for star Nico's 1967 debut album, Chelsea Girl. The album featured a ballad-like track titled "Chelsea Girls", written about the hotel and its inhabitants who appear in the film. The girl in the poster is Clare Shenstone, at the age of 16, an aspiring artist who would later be influenced by Francis Bacon.^[2]

With its creativity and eroticism this Chelsea Girl poster captures the essence of the film. It was designed for the release of the movie in London by graphic artist Alan Aldridge. Warhol was extremely happy with the design and commented that he “wished the movie was as good as the poster”.^[3]

Production

According to script-writer Ronald Tavel, Warhol first brought up the idea for the film in the back room of Max's Kansas City, Warhol's favorite nightspot, during the summer of 1966. In Ric Burns' documentary film Andy Warhol, Tavel recollected that Warhol took a napkin and drew a line down the middle and wrote 'B' and 'W' on opposite sides of the line; he then showed it to Tavel, explaining, "I want to make a movie that is a long movie, that is all black on one side and all white on the other." Warhol was referring to both the visual concept of the film, as well as the content of the scenes presented.

The film was shot in the summer and early autumn of 1966 in various rooms and locations inside the Hotel Chelsea, though contrary to the film's title, only poet René Ricard actually lived there at the time.^[4] Filming also took place at Warhol's studio The Factory. Appearing in the film were many of Warhol's regulars, including Nico, Brigid Berlin, Gerard Malanga, Mary Woronov as Hanoi Hannah, Ingrid Superstar, International Velvet and Eric Emerson. According to Burns' documentary, Warhol and his companions completed an average of one 33-minute segment per week.

Nico (left) and Ondine (right) in the final scene of Chelsea Girls. This still comes from the 2003 Italian DVD print of the film.

Once principal photography wrapped, Warhol and co-director Paul Morrissey selected the twelve most striking vignettes they had filmed and then projected them side-by-side to create a visual juxtaposition of both contrasting images and divergent content (the so-called "white" or light and innocent aspects of life against the "black" or darker, more disturbing aspects.) As a result, the 6½ hour running time was essentially cut in half, to 3 hours and 15 minutes. However, part of Warhol's concept for the film was that it would be unlike watching a regular movie, as the two projectors could never achieve exact synchronization from viewing to viewing; therefore, despite specific instructions of where individual sequences would be played during the running time, each viewing of the film would, in essence, be an entirely different experience.

Several of the sequences have gone on to attain a cult status, most notably the "Pope" sequence, featuring avant-garde actor and poet Robert Olivo, or Ondine as he called himself, as well as a segment featuring Mary Woronov entitled "Hanoi Hannah," one of two portions of the film scripted specifically by Tavel.

Notably missing is a sequence Warhol shot with his most popular superstar Edie Sedgwick which, according to Morrissey, Warhol excised from the final film at the insistence of Sedgwick herself, who claimed she was under contract to Bob Dylan's manager, Albert Grossman, at the time the film was made. Sedgwick's footage has been used in another Warhol film; "Afternoon."

Cast

The cast of the film is largely made up of persons playing themselves, and are credited as so:

Critical reception

Still from Chelsea Girls, featuring Mary Woronov in color photography on the left side, and black & white photography on the right.

Although the film garnered the most commercial success of Warhol's films, reaction to it was mixed. In the UK it was refused a theatrical certificate in 1967 by the British Board of Film Classification.

Roger Ebert reviewed the film in June 1967, and had a negative response to it, granting it one star out of four. In his review of the film, he stated "...what we have here is 3½ hours of split-screen improvisation poorly photographed, hardly edited at all, employing perversion and sensation like chili sauce to disguise the aroma of the meal. Warhol has nothing to say and no technique to say it with. He simply wants to make movies, and he does: hours and hours of them."^[5]

Kenneth Baker of the San Francisco Chronicle reviewed the film in honor of its screening in the San Francisco Bay Area in 2002, and gave the film a positive review, stating "The tyranny of the camera is the oppression The Chelsea Girls records and imposes. No wonder it still seems radical, despite all we have seen onscreen and off since 1966."^[6]

Jonathan Rosenbaum also gives the film positive review, stating that "the results are often spellbinding; the juxtaposition of two film images at once gives the spectator an unusual amount of freedom in what to concentrate on and what to make of these variously whacked-out performers."^[7]

TV Guide reviewed the film in December 2006, granting it four stars, calling it "fascinating, provocative, and hilarious" and "a film whose importance as a 1960s cultural statement outweighs any intrinsic value it may have as a film."^[8]

Internet film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes has the film ranked as 67% "fresh", or positive, out of nine collected reviews.^[9]

Availability

Home video

Chelsea Girls is largely unavailable for home video format. The film belongs to the Andy Warhol Foundation, and it, along with Warhol's other films (apart from a handful of his screen tests, which have since been released on DVD)^[10] have never seen home video releases in the United States. In Europe, however, a handful of Warhol's films were released on DVD, including a short-lived DVD print of Chelsea Girls which was available in Italy for some time. This Italian DVD print, which is the film's only official home video release, was released on September 16, 2003.^[11]

Museum screenings

While the film is unavailable for personal purchase, it is often screened at art museums, and has been shown at The Museum of Modern Art^[12] (which owns a rare print of the film reels) as well as The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The film was screened in San Francisco for the first time in nearly twenty years at Castro Theatre in April 2002.^[13] A screening was also held May 21, 2010 at the Seattle Art Museum.^[14] Screened at the Varsity Theater in Chapel Hill, North Carolina on November 18, 2010 by The Ackland Art Museum and The Interdisciplinary Program in Cinema of The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.^[15] A screening was done at the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, Georgia on November 5, 2011 as a part of their Masters of Modern Film series.^[16]

See also

• Andy Warhol filmography
• Hotel Chelsea
• Reality films
• Arthouse cinema

References

External links

• Chelsea Girls on IMDb
• Chelsea Girls at AllMovie