Chhattisgarhi language

Chhattisgarhi
छत्तीसगढ़ी
Native to India
Region Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh
Native speakers
 18 million (2002)[1]
Devanagari script
Language codes
ISO 639-3 Either:
hne – Chhattisgarhi
sgj – Surgujia
Glottolog chha1249[2]
Linguasphere 59-AAF-ta

Chhattisgarhi is a language spoken in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh, by 17.5 million people.[1] It is an Eastern Hindi language with heavy vocabulary and linguistic features from Munda and Dravidian languages.[3] Chhattisgarhi is also known as Dakshin Kosali and Kosali as in ancient times Chhattisgarh was known as Dakshin Kosal. Chhattisgarhi has been known by the name Khaltahi to surrounding hill-people and by the name Laria to speakers in neighboring regions of Odisha to Chhattisgarh.[4][5] The speakers are concentrated in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh and in adjacent areas of Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and Jharkhand. Chhattisgarhi cultural and political movements, with origins going back to the 1920s, affirmed Chhattisgarhi linguistic and cultural identity and sought greater autonomy within India. This came about in 2000 when 16 districts of the state of Madhya Pradesh became the new state of Chhattisgarh.

Classification

Chhattisgarhi is most closely related to other Kosali group of languages known as Bagheli and Awadhi (Avadhi), and these languages are classified in the East Central Zone of the Indo-Aryan languages or Kosali Language Group, the Indian branch of the Indo-European language family.

Its precise relationship to Hindi is complex and as with other members of the Hindustani dialect continuum, its status as a dialect or separate language is to some degree a judgment call. According to the Indian Government, Chhattisgarhi is an eastern dialect of Hindi, but it is classified as a separate language in Ethnologue.

On the basis of geographical division ,Chhattisgarhi is spoken in five different way.

1.KEDRI(Central) Chhattisgarhi

This is purest form Chhattisgarhi, which is spoken in most of the Mahanadi basin. Kedri Chhattisgarhi is uninfluenced by any other languages except Hindi. Mostly spoken in Bilaspur, Durg, Raipur, Rajnandgaon, Dhamtari, Kanker district of Chhattisgarh.

2. UTTI (Eastern) Chhattisgarhi

Utti Chhattisgarhi also known as Laria, mostly spoken in Raigarh, Mahasamund, Gariaband, Raipur district of Chhattisgarh.

3.BUDATI/ KHALTAHI (Western) Chhattisgarhi

Marathi language influenced can be seen in Khaltahi Chhattisgarhi. Mostly spoken in Balaghat (Madhya Pradesh) and Kabirdham, bemetara  district of Chhattisgarh.

4.BHANDAR (Northern) Chhattisgarhi

BHANDAR (Northern) Chhattisgarhi also known as Sargujia Chhattisgarhi. Mostly spoken in Koria, Surajpur, Sarguja, Jashpur, Balrampur district of Chhattisgarh.

5.RAKSHAHUN (Southern) Chhattisgarhi

Mostly spoken in Dandkaranya region (Bastar) of Chhattisgarh. Godi and Halbi are other dialects which are widely spoken .

Vocabulary

In modern Indian language Eastern hindi consist of Chhattisgarhi, Awadhi, Bagheli dialects. All three dialects are closely related to each other. Chhattisgarhi, due to its heavy indigenous vocabulary and grammar, is always been treated as a distinct languages. Awadhi and Bagheli are very closely associated with each other, Bagheli due to its regional love from Baghelkhand is considered as different dialects, otherwise it is actually southern form of Awadhi.

Comparision of word list

English Chhattisgarhi Awadhi Bagheli
and अउ  अउर  अउर 
father ददा  बाप  बाबू 
right जेवनी  दाहिना  दाए  
tree रुख  पेड़  पेड़ 
you तें  तें  तय 
come आव  आओ  आ 
good बने  बढ़िया  बढ़िया 
name नाव  नाम  नाम 
pond तरिया  तालाब  तलाउ 

Dialects

In addition to Chhattisgarhi Proper, the dialects of Chhattisgarhi are Baighani, Bhulia, Binjhwari, Kalanga, Kavardi, Khairagarhi, Sadri Korwa, and Surgujia. Surgujia is considered by some to be a distinct language.[6]

Writing

Chhattisgarhi, like Hindi, is written using the Devanagari script.

Chhattisgarhi Language Day

Chhattisgarhi Language Day(Chhattisgarhi Diwas)is celebrated on November 28 every year across the Indian states of Chhattisgarh. This day is regulated by the State Government.

Film industry

After the formation of the new state, films in Chhattisgarhi attracted artists everywhere around India. World-renowned singer Lata Mangeshkar and others also sang Chhattisgarhi songs.

See also

Sources

References

  1. 1 2 Chhattisgarhi at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)
    (includes Surgujia)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Chhattisgarhi". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Pathak, Dewangan, Rijuka, Somesh. "Natural Language Chhattis garhi: A Literature Survey" (PDF). International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 1 2 N umber 2 - Jun 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  4. ↑ Subodh Kapoor (2002). The Indian Encyclopaedia: La Behmen-Maheya. Cosmo Publications. pp. 4220–. ISBN 978-81-7755-271-3.
  5. ↑ Subodh Kapoor (2002). The Indian Encyclopaedia: India (Central Provinces)-Indology. Cosmo Publications. pp. 3432–. ISBN 978-81-7755-268-3.
  6. ↑ Surgujia at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

Bibliography

Web magazine of Chhattisgarhi language गुरतुर गोठ

Chhattisgarhi language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator


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