Charrette

A charrette (American pronunciation: /ʃɑːˈrɛt/), often Anglicized to charette or charet and sometimes called a design charrette, is an intense period of design or planning activity.

Origins of the term "charrette"

The word charrette is French for "cart" or "chariot." Its use in the sense of design and planning arose in the 19th century at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, where it was not unusual at the end of a term for teams of student architects to work right up until a deadline, when a charrette would be wheeled among them to collect up their scale models and other work for review. Their continued working furiously to apply the finishing touches came to be referred to as working en charrette, "in the cart."[1] Émile Zola depicted such a scene of feverish activity, a nuit de charrette or "charrette night," in L'Œuvre (serialized 1885, published 1886), his fictionalized account of his friendship with Paul Cézanne.[2] The term evolved into the current design-related usage in conjunction with working right up until a deadline.[3]

Charrettes in general

The word charrette may refer to any collaborative session in which a group of designers drafts a solution to a design problem.

While the structure of a charrette varies, depending on the design problem and the individuals in the group, charrettes often take place in multiple sessions in which the group divides into sub-groups. Each sub-group then presents its work to the full group as material for further dialogue. Such charrettes serve as a way of quickly generating a design solution while integrating the aptitudes and interests of a diverse group of people. Although the structure of charrettes may vary, the general idea of a charrette is to create an innovative atmosphere in which a diverse group of stakeholders can collaborate to "generate visions for the future".[4] Compare this term with workshop.

Specific cases of charrette

Charrettes take place in many disciplines, including land use planning, or urban planning. In planning, the charrette has become a technique for consulting with all stakeholders. This type of charrette (sometimes called an enquiry by design) typically involves intense and possibly multi-day meetings, involving municipal officials, developers, and residents. A successful charrette promotes joint ownership of solutions and attempts to defuse typical confrontational attitudes between residents and developers. Charrettes tend to involve small groups, however the residents participating may not represent all the residents nor have the moral authority to represent them. Residents who do participate get early input into the planning process. For developers and municipal officials charrettes achieve community involvement, may satisfy consultation criteria, with the objective of avoiding costly legal battles. Other uses of the term "charrette" occur within an academic or professional setting, whereas urban planners invite the general public to their planning charrettes. Thus most people (unless they happen to be design students) encounter the term "charrette" in an urban-planning context.

In fields of design such as architecture, landscape architecture, industrial design, interior design, interaction design, or graphic design, the term charrette may refer to an intense period of work by one person or a group of people prior to a deadline. The period of a charrette typically involves both focused and sustained effort. The word "charrette" may also be used as a verb, as in, for example, "I am charretting" or "I am on charrette [or: en charrette]," simply meaning I am working long nights, intensively toward a deadline.

An example of the charrette, the School of Architecture at Rice University and University of Virginia's School of Architecture unofficially calls the last week before the end of classes Charrette. At the final deadline time (assigned by the school), all students must put their "pencils down" and stop working. Students then present their work to fellow-students and faculty in a critiqued presentation.

Another example, from New College of Florida, is their Master Plan Design Charrettes that took place over a week in 2005 involving students, alumni, administrators, professors, area residents, and local government staff members as well as architects, designers, and planners from Moule & Polyzoides, The Folsom Group, the Florida House Institute for Sustainable Development, Hall Planning & Engineering, and Biohabitats in a process to make long range suggestions for the campus layout, landscaping, architecture, and transportation corridors of the master plan for its campus.

In some cases, a charrette may be held on a recurring basis, such as the annual charrette held by the Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning department at Utah State University. Each February, the faculty choose a site in partnership with communities and groups throughout Utah, and hold an intense 5-day design charrette focusing on particular issues in that community or region. The charrette begins with a field visit, followed by all-day work sessions accompanied by project stakeholders and volunteer landscape architects and other professionals, and overseen by senior and graduate level students. The final work is then presented to the community. Charrettes such as these offer students and professionals the opportunity to work together in a close setting on real-world design scenarios, and often provide communities with tens of thousands of dollars of design work for free.

Many municipalities around the world develop long term city plans or visions through multiple charrettes - both communal and professional. Notable successes on the west coast of Canada include the city of Vancouver, British Columbia , as well as the District of Tofino. Tofino won an Award of Excellence in Planning after a successful multi-day charrette.[5]

Techarrettes

Techarrettes are charrettes that have been tailored for use in a technology or software setting. This collaborative process tool is founded on the principles of traditional charrettes from the urban planning community. Techarrettes continue to utilize facilitated creative processes to build consensus, plan for projects and generate creative ideas. However, many of the processes in a traditional charrette are not applicable in the comparatively fast paced, quick to deployment and low litigation software and technology community.

Primarily, Agile practices[6] such as eschewing documentation, rapid iteration, and prioritizing working software over process-plan deliverables[7] have been incorporated. Initial efforts to import charrette, without adequate demonstration and adoption of essential techniques have led to disappointing results akin to "brainstorming with drawings" (Hamlet 2012). Practices that are typically effective within the urban planning community have resulted in "agonizing experiences" (Shapiro 2013), indicating that retooling to reflect this community's unique perspective and tech-grown process continues to be the key to optimizing the benefits of the tool.

Currently, an open google-based working group, The Techarrette Group [8] is working cooperatively within the wider tech sector to iterate and continuously improve techarrette practices for use in the community.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Bonda, Penny (2007). Sustainable Commercial Interiors. John Wiley & Sons. p. 29.
  2. ↑ Gendrat, Aurélie (1999). Émile Zola, L'Œuvre. Bréal. p. 56.
  3. ↑ "The NCI Charrette System". Charrette Institute. Archived from the original on November 26, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
  4. ↑ Roggema, Rob (2014). Roggema, Rob, ed. The Design Charrette. Springer Netherlands. pp. 15–34. ISBN 9789400770300. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7031-7_2#page-5.
  5. ↑ http://www.cityspaces.ca/project/tofino-downtown-vitalization-plan/
  6. ↑ Beck, Kent; et al. "Principles Behind the Agile Manifesto". Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  7. ↑ Beck, Kent; et al. "Manifesto for Agile Software Development". Retrieved 2012-02-13.
  8. ↑ "The Techarrete Group: Charrettes In Tech". The Techarrette Group.
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