Charles Macintosh
| Charles Macintosh | |
|---|---|
 Charles Macintosh | |
| Born |
29 December 1766 Glasgow, Scotland |
| Died |
25 July 1843 (aged 76) Glasgow, Scotland |
| Nationality | British |
| Engineering career | |
| Significant advance |
Waterproof fabric. Invented the waterproof raincoat in 1824 |
Charles Macintosh FRS (29 December 1766 – 25 July 1843) was a Scottish chemist and the inventor of waterproof fabric.[1] The Mackintosh raincoat (the variant spelling is now standard) is named after him.
Biography
Macintosh was born in Glasgow, Scotland, the son of George Macintosh and Mary Moore, and was first employed as a clerk. Charles devoted his spare time to science, particularly chemistry, and before he was 20 resigned his clerkship to take up the manufacture of chemicals. In this he was highly successful and invented various new processes. His experiments with naphtha (one of the byproducts of tar) led to his invention of waterproof fabric; the essence of his patent was the cementing of two thicknesses of cloth together with natural rubber. The rubber is made soluble by the action of the naphtha.
Macintosh married Mary Fisher in 1790, daughter of Alexander Fisher, a Glasgow merchant. They had one son, George Macintosh (1791–1848). In 1823, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society for his chemical discoveries. In 1828, he became a partner with James Beaumont Neilson in a firm to exploit the latter's patent for the hot blast blowing of blast furnaces, which saved considerably on their fuel consumption.[2]
Charles died in 1843 and was buried in the Glasgow Cathedral graveyard.[3] He is buried with his parents in the ground of his great grandfather, John Anderson of Douhill, Lord Provost of Glasgow. His name is added to the 17th century monument which stands against the eastern boundary wall. A late 19th century secondary memorial also exists, in polished red granite, slightly to the north, where Charles is again mentioned on the grave of his son, George.
Legacy
On 29 December 2016, the search engine Google marked the 250th anniversary of the birth of the inventor of the waterproof raincoat with a Google doodle of Macintosh in the rain.[4][5]
References
- ↑ Ellis, Ian. "Charles Macintosh Biography". todayinsci.com. Retrieved 2016-12-29.
- ↑ "Neilson, James Beaumont (1792–1865)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19866. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑
Lee, Sidney, ed. (1893). "Macintosh, Charles". Dictionary of National Biography. 35. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 113. - ↑ "Charles Macintosh: Chemist who invented the world-famous waterproof raincoat". The Independent. 30 December 2016.
- ↑ "From Charles Mackintosh's waterproof to Dolly the sheep: 43 innovations Scotland has given the world". The independent. 30 December 2016.
Further reading
- Macintosh, G. (1847). Biographical Memoir of the Late Charles Macintosh.
- Prosser, R. B.; Morson, Geoffrey V. (2004). "Macintosh, Charles (1766–1843)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17541. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
External links
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Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
- "Charles Macintosh". Science on the Streets. University of Strathclyde.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Macintosh, Charles". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.