Charles H. Gerhardt
| Charles Hunter Gerhardt | |
|---|---|
| Nickname(s) | "Uncle Charlie" |
| Born | June 6, 1895 |
| Died | October 9, 1976 (aged 81) |
| Buried | Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia, United States |
| Allegiance |
 United States |
| Service/branch |
 United States Army |
| Years of service | 1917–1948 |
| Rank |
 Major General |
| Service number | 0-5259 |
| Unit |
 Cavalry Branch |
| Commands held |
56th Cavalry Brigade 91st Infantry Division 29th Infantry Division |
| Battles/wars |
World War I World War II |
| Awards |
Distinguished Service Medal Silver Star Legion of Merit Bronze Star (2) |
Major General Charles Hunter Gerhardt (June 6, 1895 – October 9, 1976) was a senior United States Army officer who fought in both World War I and World War II. During the latter, he commanded the 29th Infantry Division from 1943 until the end of the war and during part of the occupation of Germany. The division's most famous combat operations were the Omaha Beach landings of June 6, 1944 (his 49th birthday), otherwise known as D-Day, and the taking of the French crossroads town of Saint-Lô in July 1944.
Biography
Early life and military career
Gerhardt grew up in the army as the son of a career officer who retired as a brigadier general. The younger Gerhardt attended the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York in 1913 where he earned a reputation as a skilled football, baseball and polo player. In 1916, Gerhardt quarterbacked for West Point to a 30-10 upset win over Notre Dame, which was led by the famed freshman George Gipp. It was Notre Dame's only loss that year.[1]
Due to the American entry into World War I, on April 6, 1917, Gerhardt's West Point class graduated exactly two weeks later and six weeks earlier than intended, due to the outbreak of war. Subsequently, Gerhardt was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Cavalry Branch of the United States Army. Among those he graduated alongside were men such as Matthew Ridgway, Mark W. Clark, J. Lawton Collins, Ernest N. Harmon, Norman Cota, William W. Eagles, Laurence B. Keiser, Frederick Augustus Irving, Bryant Moore, William C. McMahon and William Kelly Harrison, Jr., all of whom would, like Gerhardt, later become general officers, with Ridgway and Collins in particular becoming U.S. Army Chief of Staff.[1]
His first posting upon his graduation was with a cavalry unit in Texas. However, he later served as a staff officer with the headquarters of the 89th Division on the Western Front as part of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF). He ended the war as aide-de-camp to Major General William M. Wright, commander of the 89th Division.[1]
Between the wars
Remaining in the army during the interwar period, in 1932, Gerhardt was selected as a judge in the equestrian events for the 1932 Olympic Games held in Los Angeles.
World War II
By the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the subsequent American entry into World War II, Gerhardt was in command of the 56th Cavalry Brigade. Promoted to the two-star rank of major general, was in August 1942, eight months after Pearl Harbor, the first Commanding General (CG) of the 91st Infantry Division, an all draftee division, at Camp White, Oregon. In July 1943, taking over from Major General Leonard T. Gerow, he assumed command of the 29th Infantry Division, a National Guard formation which was then stationed in South West England in preparation for the Allied invasion of Normandy and had been there since October 1942. In preparation for the invasion, scheduled for the spring of 1944, the division trained extensively in amphibious operations.[2]
Major General Gerhardt was a hard taskmaster, a strict disciplinarian and considered by many of his men to be a martinet, who often became upset at small things such as a soldier not having the chinstrap of his helmet buckled. One famous story has him admonishing a soldier on the day after D-Day for dropping peels from the orange he was eating on the ground. He was intolerant of any dirt or mud being on the trucks, and would make soldiers stop and clean a truck under almost any circumstance. Major General Gerhardt was, however, a superb and driven trainer of soldiers and expected the same from his subordinates. He led the 29th Infantry Division throughout the fighting in Western Europe, from D-Day (June 6, 1944) until the end of World War II in Europe on Victory in Europe Day (May 8, 1945).[2]
Gerhardt was one of the European Theater's more controversial commanders. His critics held that he was lacking as a military tactician and careless with the lives of his men; often pointing to the astonishingly high casualty rate of the 29th Division, which, from June 6, 1944 to May 8, 1945, suffered over 20,600 men killed, wounded or missing. It was said that Gerhardt actually commanded three divisions: one on the field of battle, one in the hospital and one in the cemetery. He was also considered somewhat loose morally, as evidenced by a house of prostitution he established for his men near Rennes, France, which Lieutenant General Omar Nelson Bradley, the U.S. 12th Army Group commander, did not approve of and ordered closed. Gerhardt usually walked the line between approval and disapproval with his superior officers. After the war, he was demoted to colonel for reasons thought to be a combination of the 29th Division's high casualty rate and his moral lapses.
Postwar
Following the war Gerhardt served as the United States Defense Attaché to Brazil and in a post at Fort Meade, Maryland. He reattained the rank of brigadier general and was able to retire at his highest held rank of major general.
He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.[3]
Awards
His awards include:
See also
References
Further reading
- Beyond the Beachhead: The 29th Division in Normandy, by Joseph Balkoski
- 29 Let's Go! A History of the 29th Infantry Division in World War II, by Joseph Ewing
External links
- Memoirs of Charles H. Gerhardt, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
- 29th Division order of battle at Omaha Beach
- Booklet of the 29th Infantry Division
| Military offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by New post |
Commanding General 91st Infantry Division 1942–1943 |
Succeeded by William G. Livesay |
| Preceded by Leonard T. Gerow |
Commanding General 29th Infantry Division 1943–1946 |
Succeeded by Post deactivated |