Singapore Changi Airport

Singapore Changi Airport
Lapangan Terbang Changi Singapura
新加坡樟宜机场
(Xīnjiāpō Zhāngyí Jīchǎng)
சிங்கப்பூர் சாங்கி
சர்வதேச விமானநிலையம் 
(Ciṅkappūr Cāṅki Vimana Nilaiyam)
Summary
Airport type Public / Military
Owner Government of Singapore[1]
Operator
Serves Singapore
Location Changi, Singapore
Opened 1 July 1981 (operational)
29 December 1981 (official)
Hub for
Time zone SST (UTC+08:00)
Elevation AMSL 6.66 m / 22 ft
Coordinates 01°21′33.16″N 103°59′21.5″E / 1.3592111°N 103.989306°E / 1.3592111; 103.989306Coordinates: 01°21′33.16″N 103°59′21.5″E / 1.3592111°N 103.989306°E / 1.3592111; 103.989306
Website www.changiairport.com
Map
SIN/WSSS

Location in Singapore

Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
02L/20R[N 1] 4,000 13,123 Asphalt concrete
02C/20C 4,000 13,123 Asphalt concrete
02R/20L[N 2] 2,750 9,022 Asphalt
Statistics (2016)
Passenger Movements Increase 58,698,039
Air Freight Movements (tons) Increase 1,969,434
Aircraft Movements Increase 360,490

Singapore Changi Airport (IATA: SIN, ICAO: WSSS), or simply Changi Airport, is the primary civilian airport for Singapore, and one of the largest transportation hubs in Southeast Asia. It is currently rated the World's Best Airport (Skytrax 2017),[4] for the fifth consecutive year (Skytrax's World's Best Airport 2013 – 2017)[5] and is one of the world's busiest airports by international passenger and cargo traffic. The airport is located in Changi, at the eastern end of Singapore, approximately 17.2 kilometres (10.7 mi) northeast[6] from Marina Bay (Singapore's Downtown Core), on a 13-square-kilometre (5.0 sq mi) site. It is operated by Changi Airport Group and it is the home base of Singapore Airlines, Singapore Airlines Cargo, SilkAir, Scoot, Jetstar Asia Airways and BOC Aviation.

Overview of Changi Airport

Changi Airport serves more than 100 airlines flying to some 380 cities in about 90 countries and territories worldwide. Each week, about 7,000 flights land or depart from Changi, or about one every 90 seconds, with 58.7 million passengers passing through the airport in 2016.[3]

For the 2016 full-year figures published by the airport, the airport handled 58,698,039 passengers (a 5.9% increase over the previous year), the most in its 35-year history. This made it the sixth busiest airport by international passenger traffic in the world and the second busiest in Asia. In December 2016, Changi Airport registered a total of 5.68 million passenger movements, the highest ever traffic the airport has achieved in a month since it opened in 1981. Its daily record was also broken on the Saturday before Christmas (23 December 2016), with more than 202,359 passengers passing through during the day. In addition to being an important passenger hub, the airport is one of the busiest cargo airports in the world, handling 1.97 million tonnes of cargo in 2016. The total number of commercial aircraft movements increased by 4.1% from the previous year to 360,490 in 2016.[3] In April 2017, the airport handled more than a billion passengers since it opened on 1 July 1981.[7][8]

The airport has won over 533 awards since 1981, including 26 "Best Airport" awards in just 2016 alone.[9] Changi Airport's efforts to mitigate the effects of ageing infrastructure include continual physical upgrades to its existing terminals and building new facilities to maintain its reputation for setting standards in airport service quality.[10]

Passenger Terminals

Changi Airport has three main passenger terminals, arranged in an elongated inverted 'U' shape. Currently, the airport has a designed total annual handling capacity of 66 million passengers.

There is also a privately run luxury terminal called the JetQuay CIP Terminal. It is similar to the Lufthansa First Class Terminal at Frankfurt Airport, but is open to all passengers travelling in all classes on all airlines with an access fee.

Former Terminal

The Budget Terminal opened on 26 March 2006 and ceased operations on 25 September 2012.

Future Terminals

Operations

Terminal 2 Check-in area
Terminal 3 airside area
Aerial view of Singapore Changi Airport. The forested area to the right of the airfield has since been cleared for Terminal 5.

Passenger operations

As all passenger traffic out of the airport is international in nature, the three major terminals in operation are equipped with immigration-processing facilities for international travel.

After recovering from a drop in passenger traffic as a result of the September 11 attacks in 2001 and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003, the airport saw rapid growth in traffic, which hit the 30-million mark for the first time a year later in 2004. In March 2008 and prior to the full effect of the financial crisis of 2007–2010 on the global economy, the airport predicted that it will handle 50 million passengers by 2012,[12] with increases due to the opening of casinos in Singapore, together with the phased liberalisation of the Asean aviation sector. As predicted, the airport surpassed the 50-million mark for the first time in history in 2012.[10]

Cargo operations

The Air Cargo Division of the Changi Airport Group manages the Changi Airfreight Centre[13] located in the north of the airport premises.[14] The airport handled 1.81 million tonnes of air cargo in 2012, making it the 7th-busiest airfreight hub in the world and the fifth-busiest in Asia.[15] Due to Singapore's large electronics sector, electrical components constitute a significant part of the total cargo traffic handled at the airport, although it has initiated attempts to diversify into the perishable air cargo market.

In 2015, Changi Airport handled 1,853,087 tonnes of air freight, which is more than the total combined weight of four Burj Khalifa skyscrapers.

Air Cargo World awarded Changi Airport the 2013 Air Cargo Excellence Award for airports handling more than 1,000,000 tonnes of cargo in Asia.[16]

Key markets and destinations

In 2016, Indonesia was the largest market for Singapore Changi Airport, followed by Malaysia, China, Thailand, Australia, India, Hong Kong, Japan, Philippines and Vietnam.

In 2016, Jakarta was the top destinations for travelers in Singapore Changi Airport, followed by Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok, Hong Kong, Manila, Tokyo, Denpasar, Ho Chi Minh City, Taipei and Sydney.[17]

Safety and security

The Changi Airport Group manages the overall safety and security of the airport. The Airport Management Division of the CAG manages the customer aspects of the airport's security, while the Aviation Security Unit oversees the airport's compliance with aviation security (AVSEC) policies, manages AVSEC-related projects.[14] Operationally, the airport's emergency and fire-fighting services are handled by the Airport Emergency Service Division of the CAG.[18] The AES handles all instances of rescue and fire-fighting within the airport premises as well as in surrounding waters through its specialists operating from two main fire stations (Station 1 by Runway 1 along W. Perimeter Road and Station 2 by Runway 2 along Changi Coast Road), a sub-station (Domestic Fire Station), a sea rescue base (at CAFHI jetty supporting Griffon Hoverworks 2000TD and 8000TD rescue hovercrafts, Rigid-hulled inflatable boats) around the airport.[19]

The airport's security comes under the regulatory purview of the Airport Police Division of the Singapore Police Force. The day to day discharge of security functions at the airport are performed by auxiliary police forces including Aetos Security Management, Certis CISCO and SATS Security Services, of which Aetos and SATS Security Services are affiliated to the ground handling companies of Dnata and Singapore Changi Airport Terminal Services respectively.[20] On 29 April 2008, CAAS then signed its biggest single security contract for all airport related security services by engaging Certis CISCO to provide security services at Singapore Changi Airport, as well as Seletar Airport, Changi Airfreight Centre, and the Singapore Air Traffic Control Centre.[21] It involves the deployment of about 2,600 Certis Cisco personnel, including armed Auxiliary Police Officers and unarmed aviation security officers to perform tasks including screening checked baggage, controlling access to restricted areas, and screening passengers before they board their aircraft.[22]

Since the 11 September 2001 attacks and naming of the airport as a terrorism target by the Jemaah Islamiyah, the airport's security has been stepped up. Roving patrol teams consisting of SAF and SPF officers, armed with assault rifles or sub-machine guns, patrol the terminals at random intervals.[23] Officers from the Gurkha Contingent are also deployed to patrol the transit areas of the terminal buildings. These measures come at a cost partly borne by travellers in the form of a "passenger security service charge," imposed since 2002.[24]

In 2005, an upgrade in screening technology and rising security concerns led to luggage-screening processes being conducted behind closed-doors, as opposed to them being done just before check-in previously within public view. Carry-on luggage and persons screening are conducted at the individual departure gates, while check-in luggage are screened in the backrooms and secured before loading. A perimeter intrusion detection system for Changi Airport's perimeter fence has also been put in place to further strengthen security of the airfield, while a biometric access control system for staff movement has been put in place since 2006.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinations
AirAsiaKota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuching, Langkawi, Miri, Penang
Air ChinaBeijing–Capital, Chengdu
Air FranceParis–Charles de Gaulle
Air IndiaChennai, Delhi, Mumbai
Air India ExpressChennai, Delhi (begins 15 September 2017),[25] Kolkata, Madurai (begins 15 September 2017),[26] Tiruchirappalli
Air Mauritius Mauritius
Air New ZealandAuckland
Air NiuginiPort Moresby
All Nippon AirwaysTokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Asiana AirlinesSeoul–Incheon
Bangkok AirwaysBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Koh Samui
Batik AirJakarta–Soekarno–Hatta
Biman Bangladesh AirlinesDhaka
British AirwaysLondon–Heathrow, Sydney
Cathay PacificBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hong Kong
Cebu PacificCebu, Clark, Davao, Iloilo, Manila
China AirlinesKaohsiung, Surabaya, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Eastern AirlinesHangzhou (begins 25 August 2017),[27] Kunming, Nanjing (ends 1 September 2017),[28] Quanzhou (begins 25 August 2017),[29][27] Shanghai–Pudong
China Southern AirlinesGuangzhou, Shenyang
Delta Air Lines Tokyo–Narita
Druk AirKolkata, Paro
EmiratesBrisbane, Colombo, Dubai–International, Melbourne
Ethiopian AirlinesAddis Ababa, Kuala Lumpur–International
Etihad AirwaysAbu Dhabi
EVA AirTaipei–Taoyuan
Fiji AirwaysNadi
FinnairHelsinki
FireflyIpoh, Kuala Lumpur–Subang, Kuantan
Garuda IndonesiaAmsterdam, London–Heathrow[Note 1], Denpasar, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Medan, Surabaya
IndiGoBangalore, Chennai
Indonesia AirAsiaBandung, Denpasar, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Semarang, Yogyakarta
Japan AirlinesTokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Jet AirwaysBangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai
Jetstar AirwaysDenpasar, Melbourne, Perth
Jetstar Asia AirwaysBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Clark (begins November 18, 2017), Da Nang, Darwin, Denpasar, Guiyang, Haikou, Hat Yai (begins 3 November, 2017),[30] Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Kuala Lumpur–International, Manila, Medan, Naha (begins 17 November 2017),[31] Osaka–Kansai, Palembang, Pekanbaru, Penang, Perth, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Sanya, Shantou, Siem Reap, Surabaya, Taipei–Taoyuan, Yangon
Jetstar Pacific AirlinesHo Chi Minh City
JC International Airlines Phnom Penh (begins on 29 August 2017)
KLMAmsterdam, Denpasar
Korean AirSeoul–Incheon
Lao AirlinesLuang Prabang, Vientiane (both resume 29 October 2017)[32]
Lion AirJakarta–Soekarno–Hatta
LufthansaFrankfurt, Munich (resumes 27 March 2018)[33][34]
Malaysia AirlinesKuala Lumpur–International, Kuching, Miri
Malindo AirKuala Lumpur–International, Penang
Myanmar Airways InternationalYangon
Myanmar National AirlinesYangon
Norwegian Air Shuttle
operated by Norwegian Air UK		London–Gatwick (begins 28 September 2017)[35]
Philippine AirlinesCebu,[36] Manila
Philippines AirAsiaCebu
QantasBrisbane, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney
Qatar AirwaysDoha
Regent AirwaysDhaka
Royal Brunei AirlinesBandar Seri Begawan
SaudiaJeddah
ScootAmritsar, Athens, Bangalore, Bangkok–Don Mueang, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Cebu, Chennai, Chiang Mai, Clark, Dalian, Denpasar, Dhaka, Gold Coast, Guangzhou, Haikou, Hangzhou, Hanoi, Hat Yai, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Ipoh, Jaipur, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Jeddah, Jinan, Kalibo, Kaohsiung, Kochi, Krabi, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuantan (begins 2 February 2018),[37] Kuching (begins 29 October 2017),[38][37] Langkawi, Lucknow, Macau, Malé, Manila, Melbourne, Nanjing, Nanning, Ningbo, Osaka–Kansai, Palembang (begins 23 November 2017),[38] Penang, Perth, Phuket, Qingdao, Quanzhou, Sapporo–Chitose, Seoul–Incheon, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Surabaya, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tianjin, Tiruchirapalli, Tokyo–Narita, Wuxi, Xi'an, Yangon, Zhengzhou
Shenzhen AirlinesGuangzhou, Shenzhen
Sichuan AirlinesChengdu
SilkAirBalikpapan, Bandung, Bangalore, Cairns, Cebu, Changsha, Chengdu, Chennai, Chiang Mai, Chongqing, Coimbatore, Colombo, Da Nang, Darwin, Davao, Denpasar, Fuzhou, Hanoi, Hiroshima (begins 30 Oct 2017),[39] Hyderabad, Kalibo, Kathmandu, Kochi, Koh Samui, Kolkata, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuching (ends 28 October 2017),[38] Kunming, Langkawi, Lombok, Luang Prabang, Makassar, Malé, Manado, Mandalay, Medan, Palembang (ends 22 November 2017),[38] Pekanbaru, Penang, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Semarang, Shenzhen, Siem Reap, Surabaya, Thiruvananthapuram, Vientiane, Visakhapatnam, Wuhan, Xiamen, Yangon, Yogyakarta
Seasonal Charter: Naha
SilkAir
operated for Air Timor		Dili
SilkAir
operated for Singapore Airlines		Bandar Seri Begawan
Singapore AirlinesAdelaide, Ahmedabad, Amsterdam, Auckland, Bangalore, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Barcelona, Beijing–Capital, Brisbane, Bandar Seri Begawan, Canberra, Cape Town, Chennai, Christchurch, Colombo, Copenhagen, Delhi, Denpasar, Dhaka, Dubai–International, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Ho Chi Minh City, Istanbul–Atatürk, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Johannesburg–O.R. Tambo, Kolkata, Kuala Lumpur–International, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Malé, Manchester, Manila, Melbourne, Milan–Malpensa, Moscow–Domodedovo, Mumbai, Munich, Nagoya–Centrair, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Perth, Rome–Fiumicino, San Francisco, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Stockholm–Arlanda, Surabaya, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita, Wellington, Yangon, Zürich
Seasonal: Sapporo–Chitose
Spring AirlinesShanghai–Pudong
SriLankan AirlinesColombo
Swiss International Air LinesZürich
Thai AirAsiaBangkok–Don Mueang, Krabi, Phuket
Thai AirwaysBangkok–Suvarnabhumi
Thai Lion AirBangkok–Don Mueang
Turkish AirlinesIstanbul–Atatürk
United AirlinesChicago–O'Hare (ends 29 October 2017),[40] Hong Kong (ends 29 October 2017),[41] Los Angeles (begins 29 October 2017),[42] San Francisco
US-Bangla Airlines Dhaka
Uzbekistan AirwaysKuala Lumpur–International, Tashkent
VietJet AirHanoi, Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam AirlinesHanoi, Ho Chi Minh City
West AirChongqing, Urumqi
XiamenAirFuzhou, Hangzhou, Xiamen
  1. ↑ Garuda Indonesia operates non-stop flights from both Amsterdam and London Heathrow to Jakarta.

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
AirBridgeCargoHong Kong, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Phnom Penh[43][44]
Air Hong KongHong Kong[45]
ANA CargoHong Kong, Okinawa[46]
Asiana CargoBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hanoi, Penang, Seoul–Incheon
ASL Airlines BelgiumLiège, Shanghai–Pudong
Cardig AirBalikpapan, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta[47]
CargoluxAnchorage, Baku, Chicago–O'Hare, Doha, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur–International, Luxembourg
Cathay Pacific CargoBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Penang
China Airlines CargoBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Manila, Penang, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo AirlinesBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Chengdu, Shanghai–Pudong
DHL Aviation
operated by AeroLogic		Bangalore, Leipzig/Halle[48]
DHL Aviation
operated by Polar Air Cargo		Anchorage, Cincinnati, Hong Kong, Seoul–Incheon[49]
Emirates SkyCargoDubai–Al Maktoum,[50] Melbourne, Sydney
Etihad Cargo[51][52]Abu Dhabi, Brisbane, Sydney
EVA Air CargoBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Penang, Taipei–Taoyuan[53]
FedEx ExpressAnchorage, Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Memphis, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Shanghai–Pudong, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita
Garuda Indonesia CargoDenpasar/Bali, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Medan, Surabaya
Hong Kong AirlinesHong Kong[54]
Korean Air CargoHanoi, Penang, Seoul–Incheon
K-Mile AirBangkok–Suvarnabhumi[55]
My Indo AirlinesBalikpapan, Jakarta–Halim Perdanakusuma, Surabaya[56]
Neptune AirKuala Lumpur-International[57]
Nippon Cargo AirlinesBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
Singapore Airlines CargoAdelaide, Amsterdam, Auckland, Bangalore, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Brussels, Chennai, Coimbatore, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Dallas/Fort Worth, Hanoi,[58] Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Johannesburg–OR Tambo, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Medan, Melbourne, Mumbai, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Nanjing, Sharjah, Sydney
Silk Way AirlinesBaku, Kuala Lumpur-International[59]
Transmile Air ServicesKuala Lumpur–International, Labuan
Tri-MG Intra Asia AirlinesBalikpapan, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta
Turkish Airlines CargoIstanbul–Atatürk, Karachi
UPS AirlinesHong Kong, Shenzhen, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan

Operational statistics

Singapore Changi Airport - Passenger Movements (1998-2015)
Singapore Changi Airport - Airfreight Movements (1998-2015)
Singapore Changi Airport - Aircraft Movements (1998-2015)
Operational statistics
Year Passenger
movements		 Passenger %
Change Over
Previous Year		 Airfreight
movements
(tonnes)		 Airfreight %
Change Over
Previous Year		 Aircraft
movements		 Aircraft %
Change Over
Previous Year
1998 23,803,180 Steady 0.00% 1,283,660 Steady 0.00% 165,242 Steady 0.00%
1999 26,064,645 Increase 9.50% 1,500,393 Increase 16.8% 165,961 Increase 0.43%
2000 28,618,200 Increase 9.79% 1,682,489 Increase 12.1% 173,947 Increase 4.81%
2001 28,093,759 Decrease 1.83% 1,507,062 Decrease 11.6% 179,359 Increase 3.11%
2002 28,979,344 Increase 3.15% 1,637,797 Increase 8.67% 174,820 Decrease 2.53%
2003 24,664,137 Decrease 14.9% 1,611,407 Decrease 1.63% 154,346 Decrease 11.7%
2004 30,353,565 Increase 23.0% 1,775,092 Increase 10.1% 184,932 Increase 19.8%
2005 32,430,856 Increase 6.81% 1,833,721 Increase 3.30% 204,138 Increase 10.3%
2006 35,033,083 Increase 8.02% 1,931,881 Increase 5.35% 214,000 Increase 4.83%
2007 36,701,556 Increase 4.76% 1,918,159 Decrease 0.69% 221,000 Increase 3.27%
2008 37,694,824 Increase 2.70% 1,883,894 Decrease 1.81% 232,000 Increase 4.97%
2009 37,203,978 Decrease 1.30% 1,633,791 Decrease 15.3% 240,360 Increase 3.60%
2010 42,038,777 Increase 13.0% 1,813,809 Increase 11.0% 263,593 Increase 9.66%
2011 46,500,000 Increase 10.6% 1,870,000 Increase 3.14% 301,700 Increase 14.4%
2012 51,181,804 Increase 10.0% 1,806,225 Decrease 3.41% 324,722 Increase 7.63%
2013 53,726,087 Increase 4.97% 1,850,233 Increase 2.43% 343,800 Increase 5.87%
2014 54,093,070 Increase 0.75% 1,843,799 Decrease 0.34% 341,386 Decrease 0.70%
2015 55,448,964 Increase 2.50% 1,853,087 Increase 0.50% 346,334 Increase 1.44%
2016 58,698,039 Increase 5.85% 1,969,434 Increase 6.28% 360,490 Increase 4.09%
Sources:[60][61][62][63][64][65]

Accidents and incidents

Ground transportation

Changi Airport was built with ground-transportation considerations in mind from the onset, with the East Coast Parkway built and opened in tandem with the airport, providing a direct link to the city-centre. At a distance of about 20 km (12 mi), the expressway was built almost entirely on reclaimed land, thus minimising disruptions to the existing road network in Singapore's East Coast.

While configured in a compact configuration such that the three main passenger terminal buildings are sited adjacent to each other, allowing for travellers to venture between terminals on foot, the Changi Airport Skytrain people-mover system was added to facilitate quicker and more convenient transfers. The system was upgraded in 2007 to Mitsubishi technology, connecting to Terminal 3 and separating checked-in passengers from the general public on distinct tracks.

Inter-Terminal Transportation

The Changi Airport Skytrain
Entrance to Changi Airport MRT Station

The Changi Airport Skytrain operates between Terminals 1, 2 and 3, with a total of seven stations. The trains have separate cars for air-side (transit) and land-side (public) passengers.

External connections

Mass Rapid Transit

The airport is connected to the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) network via a two-stop branch of the East West Line from Tanah Merah MRT Station, consisting of two stations: Expo, serving the nearby Singapore Expo site; and Changi Airport, located underground between Terminal 2 and Terminal 3 and directly accessible from both terminals. A direct, one-train service to the downtown and western parts of Singapore was initially in operation when the station opened on 8 February 2002. This was replaced by the current shuttle service between Tanah Merah and Changi Airport via Expo on 22 July 2003,[68] when it was found that few passengers actually use this route, compared to the number of commuters who need to travel from the city to Tampines and Pasir Ris. Cross-platform transfers are therefore necessary at Tanah Merah to connect to the rest of the network.

Bus

Buses were one of the main methods of transport for passengers and staff until the opening of Changi Airport station. Services operated by SBS Transit, SMRT Buses and Go-Ahead Group uses the bus terminals in the basement level of the three main terminals, making a loop starting from Terminal 3 to Terminals 1, and 2, and back to their destination of origin.

Coaches to and from Johor Bahru are also available. Operated by Transtar Travel, the service will start at coach stands at Terminals 1, 2, 3 and end at Larkin Terminal.

There is also a free shuttle bus service plying between Changi Airport (T3) and Changi Business Park. This service is a 9-stop route, running from Mondays to Fridays, except public holidays.[69]

Taxi

Taxis are available at the taxi stands at the arrival halls of each terminal. There is an additional airport surcharge (S$3.00-5.00)[70] for all trips originating from the airport.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Runway 02L is 4,000 m (13,000 ft) and 20R is 3,260 m (10,700 ft) with a displaced threshold of 740 m (2,430 ft). Thus aircraft landing on 20R will have to avoid touching down on the displaced threshold but may use it for departures.
  2. ↑ Runway 02R/20L is currently closed for development works.[2] Previously, it was restricted to the Republic of Singapore Air Force (see Changi Air Base). It is being extended to 4,000 m (13,000 ft) for commercial use in the future.

Citations

  1. ↑ The Official Site of. Changi Airport Group. Retrieved on 15 August 2012.
  2. ↑ "LOCATION OF RUNWAY 02R/20L IN RELATION TO RUNWAY 02L/20R AND RUNWAY 02C/20C" (PDF). Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. 15 September 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 "Passenger, airfreight & aircraft movements statistics for 2016". Changi Airport Group. 30 January 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  4. ↑ "Singapore Changi Airport named as the World’s Best Airport in 2016". Skytrax. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  5. ↑ "http://www.airlinequality.com/news/best-airports-of-2017-unveiled-at-world-airport-awards/". www.airlinequality.com. Retrieved 2017-03-15. External link in |title= (help)
  6. ↑ "Regulations" (PDF). Caas.gov.sg. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
  7. ↑ "A billion passengers on, Changi Airport aims higher". The Straits Times. 29 May 2017.
  8. ↑ "Changi Airport reaches 1 billion passengers milestone". Channel NewsAsia.
  9. ↑ "accolades — Changi Airport Group". Changi Airport. 30 January 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  10. 1 2 "A record 51 million passengers for Changi Airport in 2012" (PDF). Changaiairportgroup.com. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
  11. ↑ "Changi Airport's Terminal 5 ready in mid-2020s". Yahoo News Singapore. 30 August 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  12. ↑ "Changi poised to handle 50 million passengers a year by 2012". Channelnewsasia.com. 28 March 2008. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  13. ↑ "changi airfreight centre". Changi Airport Group. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  14. 1 2 "Our Divisions". Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS). Archived from the original on 26 September 2006. Retrieved 3 November 2006.
  15. ↑ Year to date International Freight Traffic. aci.aero
  16. ↑ "2013 Awards". Air Cargo World. 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  17. ↑ "Top 10 Changi City Links in 2016". Changi Airport Group. Changi Airport Group. 30 January 2017. Retrieved 1 Feb 2017.
  18. ↑ Changi Airport Group Annual Report 2009/10. (PDF) . Retrieved on 15 August 2012.
  19. ↑ "civil fire stations". Changi Airport Group. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  20. ↑ "Changi Airport's third ground handling licence awarded to ASIG". Channel NewsAsia. 9 June 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  21. ↑ "Certis CISCO awarded $360 million Master Security Services Contract by CAAS". Certissecurity.com. 28 April 2008. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  22. ↑ 50 Years of Securing Your World. Annual Review 2008/2009. certissecurity.com (PDF) . Retrieved on 15 August 2012.
  23. ↑ "Counter Terrorism Efforts at Singapore's Changi Airport". South Asia Analysis Group. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  24. ↑ "Changi Airport to Impose Security Levy". Straits Times. Singapore. 10 January 2002. Archived from the original on 2 September 2006. Retrieved 3 November 2006.
  25. ↑ "Madurai-Singapore flight service to start from September 15". Times of India. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  26. ↑ "Madurai-Singapore flight service to start from September 15". Times of India. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  27. 1 2 2017, UBM (UK) Ltd. "China Eastern adds Quanzhou – Singapore route from Aug 2017". Routesonline.
  28. ↑ "China Eastern ends Nanjing – Singapore service in Aug 2017". routesonline. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  29. ↑ "QUANZHOU JINJIANG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT SCHEDULE".
  30. ↑ Jetstar launches direct flights from Singapore to Hat Yai
  31. ↑ "Jetstar Asia takes to the skies - and beaches - of Okinawa". Jetstar Asia.
  32. ↑ http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/274023/lao-airlines-resumes-singapore-service-in-w17/
  33. ↑ https://www.ausbt.com.au/lufthansa-to-launch-singapore-munich-airbus-a350-flights
  34. ↑ Lufthansa S18 long-haul changes as of 21JUN17
  35. ↑ 2017, UBM (UK) Ltd. "Norwegian Air UK launches Singapore service from Sep 2017". Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  36. ↑ "Philippine Airlines schedules Cebu – Singapore flights from Dec 2016". Routesonline. Retrieved 2017-02-12.
  37. 1 2 Scoot to kick off brand new Malaysian destinations
  38. 1 2 3 4 "SilkAir to Transfer Kuching and Palembang Services to Scoot". www.silkair.com.
  39. ↑ "SilkAir To Launch Non-Stop Flights Between Singapore And Hiroshima". www.silkair.com.
  40. ↑ "United Airlines serves up San Francisco – Singapore service". anna.aero. 6 June 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
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  49. ↑ "Polar Air Cargo Worldwide launches new freighter service to Singapore" (PDF). Changaiairportgroup.com. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
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  51. ↑ "Etihad Cargo Flight Schedule" (PDF).
  52. ↑ "Etihad Cargo operates Boeing 777F to Singapore" (PDF).
  53. ↑ "EVA Air Cargo Schedule" (PDF).
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  63. ↑ "2014 Singapore Changi Airport Statistics" (PDF). Changi Airport Group. Changi Airport Group. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 30n March 2016. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
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Bibliography

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