Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Seal of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Flag of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Incumbent
General Joseph Dunford, USMC
since October 1, 2015[1]
Department of Defense
The Joint Staff
Member of Joint Chiefs of Staff
Reports to The President
Secretary of Defense
Seat The Pentagon, Arlington County, Virginia, U.S.
Nominator Secretary of Defense
Appointer The President
with Senate advice and consent
Term length 2 years
Renewable
Constituting instrument 10 U.S.C. § 153
Precursor Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy
Formation August 19, 1949
First holder General of the Army Omar Bradley
Deputy Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Director of the Joint Staff (Joint Staff)
Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman (Enlisted Matters)
Website www.JCS.mil

The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) is, by U.S. law, the highest-ranking and senior-most military officer in the United States Armed Forces[2] and is the principal military advisor to the President, the National Security Council,[3] the Homeland Security Council,[3] and the Secretary of Defense.[3][4] While the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff outranks all other commissioned officers, he is prohibited by law from having operational command authority over the armed forces; however, the Chairman does assist the President and the Secretary of Defense in exercising their command functions.[2]

The Chairman convenes the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), an advisory body within the Department of Defense comprising the Chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau.[3] The post of a statutory and permanent Joint Chiefs of Staff chair was created by the 1949 amendments to the National Security Act of 1947. The 1986 Goldwater-Nichols Act elevated the Chairman from the first among equals to becoming the "principal military advisor" to the President and Secretary of Defense.

The Joint Staff, managed by the Director of the Joint Staff and consisting of military personnel from all the services, assists the Chairman in fulfilling his duties to the President and Secretary of Defense, and functions as a conduit and collector of information between the Chairman and the combatant commanders. The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3).

Although the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered very important and highly prestigious, neither the Chairman, the Vice Chairman, nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body has any command authority over combatant forces. The Goldwater-Nichols Act places the chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands.[5] However the services chiefs do have authority over personnel assignments and oversight over resources and personnel allocated to the combatant commands within their respective services (derived from the service secretaries).

The Chairman may also transmit communications to the combatant commanders from the President and Secretary of Defense[6] as well as allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary.[7] He also performs all other functions prescribed under 10 U.S.C. § 153 or allocates those duties and responsibilities to other officers in the joint staff under his name.

Organization and assistants

The principal deputy to the Chairman is the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VCJCS), another 4-star general or admiral, who among many duties chairs the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC).

The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is assisted by the Joint Staff, led by the Director of the Joint Staff, a three-star general or admiral. The Joint Staff is an organization composed of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force, who have been assigned to assist the Chairman with the unified strategic direction, operation, and integration of the combatant land, naval, and air forces. The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3).

The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is also advised on enlisted personnel matters by the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman, who serves as a communication conduit between the Chairman and the senior enlisted advisors (command sergeants major, command master chief petty officers, and command chief master sergeants) of the combatant commands.

Historical

Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy, USN, served as the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief from July 20, 1942 to March 21, 1949. He presided over meetings of what was called the Joint Chiefs of Staff,[8] and Leahy's office was the precursor to the post of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, created in 1942.

Appointment and rank

The Chairman is nominated by the President for appointment and must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate.[2] The Chairman and Vice Chairman may not be members of the same armed force service branch.[9] However, the President may waive that restriction for a limited period of time in order to provide for the orderly transition of officers appointed to serve in those positions.[9] The Chairman serves a two-year term of office at the pleasure of the President,[2] however, the Chairman's statutory term length will increase to four years starting in 2019.[10]. Currently, the Chairman can be reappointed to serve two additional terms for a total of six years, as long as the Chairman has not previously served a term as Vice Chairman,[2] in which case the Chairman would be limited to serving up to two terms.[2] However, in a time of war or national emergency, there is no limit to how many times an officer can be reappointed to serve as Chairman.[2] Historically, the Chairman has served two terms. By statute, the Chairman is appointed as a four-star general or admiral while holding office[2] and assumes office on October 1 of odd-numbered years.[2]

Although the first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Omar Bradley, was eventually awarded a fifth star, the CJCS does not receive one by right, and Bradley's award was so that his subordinate, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, would not outrank him.[11][12]

In the 1990s, there were proposals in U.S. Department of Defense academic circles to bestow on the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff a five-star rank.[13][14][15]

According to the 2017 Military Pay Table (effective 1 January 2017), basic pay for flag officers is limited by Level II of the Executive Schedule, which is $15,583.20. This includes officers serving as Chairman or Vicechairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chief of Staff of the Army, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Commandant of the Coast Guard, Chief of the National Guard Bureau, or commander of a unified or specified combatant command.[16]

List of Chairmen

Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief (historical predecessor office)

No. Image Name Branch Term of Office Secretaries President
Began Ended Days of
Service
1. Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy USN July 20, 1942 March 21, 1949 2436 Henry L. Stimson, Robert P. Patterson, Kenneth C. Royall, of War; Frank Knox of Navy James V. Forrestal 1st DOD Franklin D. Roosevelt
Harry S. Truman

Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

No. Image Name Branch Term of Office Secretaries President
Began Ended Days of
Service
1. General of the Army Omar Bradley US Army August 19, 1949 August 15, 1953 1457 Louis A. Johnson
George C. Marshall
Robert A. Lovett		 Harry S. Truman
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Charles Erwin Wilson
2. Admiral Arthur W. Radford USN August 15, 1953 August 15, 1957 1461
3. General Nathan F. Twining USAF August 15, 1957 September 30, 1960 1142
Neil H. McElroy
Thomas S. Gates
4. General Lyman Lemnitzer US Army October 1, 1960 September 30, 1962 729
Robert S. McNamara
John F. Kennedy
5. General Maxwell D. Taylor US Army October 1, 1962 July 1, 1964 639
Lyndon B. Johnson
6. General Earle Wheeler US Army July 3, 1964 July 2, 1970 2190
Clark M. Clifford
Richard Nixon
Melvin R. Laird
7. Admiral Thomas H. Moorer USN July 2, 1970 July 1, 1974 1460
Elliot Richardson
James R. Schlesinger
8. General George S. Brown USAF July 1, 1974 June 20, 1978 1450
Donald Rumsfeld
Gerald Ford
Jimmy Carter
Harold Brown
9. General David C. Jones USAF June 21, 1978 June 18, 1982 1458
Caspar Weinberger
Ronald Reagan
10. General John W. Vessey Jr. US Army June 18, 1982 September 30, 1985 1200
11. Admiral William J. Crowe, Jr. USN October 1, 1985 September 30, 1989 1460
Frank Carlucci
George H.W. Bush
Dick Cheney
12. General Colin Powell US Army October 1, 1989 September 30, 1993 1460
Les Aspin
Bill Clinton
(acting) Admiral David E. Jeremiah USN October 1, 1993 October 24, 1993 23
13. General John Shalikashvili US Army October 25, 1993 September 30, 1997 1436
William J. Perry
William S. Cohen
14. General Hugh Shelton US Army October 1, 1997 September 30, 2001 1460
George W. Bush
Donald Rumsfeld
15. General Richard B. Myers USAF October 1, 2001 September 30, 2005 1460
16. General Peter Pace USMC October 1, 2005 September 30, 2007 729
Robert M. Gates
17. Admiral Michael Mullen USN October 1, 2007 September 30, 2011 1460
Barack Obama
Leon Panetta
18. General Martin Dempsey US Army October 1, 2011 September 25, 2015 1455
Chuck Hagel
Ash Carter
19. General Joseph Dunford USMC October 1, 2015[1] Present 684
James Mattis Donald Trump

Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by branches of service

General Henry H. Shelton hosted on 1 December 2000 a conference in the Pentagon for former Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Standing from left to right are: Gen. Colin L. Powell, USA (Ret); Gen. John W. Vessey, USA (Ret); Adm. Thomas H. Moorer, USN (Ret); Gen. Shelton, USA; Gen. David C. Jones, USAF (Ret); Adm. William J. Crowe, Jr., USN (Ret); and Gen. John M. Shalikashvili, USA (Ret).

See also

References

  1. 1 2 General Joseph F. Dunford, Jr.- Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 USC 152. Chairman: appointment; grade and rank
  3. 1 2 3 4 10 USC 151 - Joint Chiefs of Staff: composition; functions
  4. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-05-14. Retrieved 2009-09-24. Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986
  5. ↑ 10 USC 162. Combatant commands: assigned forces; chain of command
  6. ↑ 10 USC 163. Role of Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff
  7. ↑ 10 USC 166a. Combatant commands: funding through the Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff
  8. ↑ "Washington Eats". Life. 1942-10-05. p. 95. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  9. 1 2 10 USC 154. Vice Chairman
  10. ↑ Note: Public Law 114–328 - The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 increased the term length Chairman and the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from two years to four years.
  11. ↑ Abrams, Jim (March 22, 1991). "Higher rank not in the stars for nation's top generals". Associated Press. Bradley received his fifth star in 1950 when he became chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff so he would not be outranked by MacArthur.
  12. ↑ Tillman, Barrett (2004). Brassey's D-Day encyclopedia: the Normandy invasion A-Z. Brassey's. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-57488-760-0. Retrieved February 22, 2011. MacArthur, having been army chief of staff before World War II, was senior to everyone on the Joint Chiefs, and some observers felt that Bradley was given his fifth star in order to deal with the vainglorious field commander on an equal footing.
  13. ↑ Organizing for National Security: The Role of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Institute for Foreign Analysis. January 1986. p. 11. Retrieved February 21, 2011. There was some discussion of the proposal to grant the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs five-star rank, as a symbol of his status as the most senior officer in the armed forces.
  14. ↑ Jones, Logan (February 2000). "Toward the Valued Idea of Jointness: The Need for Unity of Command in U.S. Armed Forces" (PDF). Naval War College: 2. ADA378445. Retrieved February 21, 2011. Lay summary. Promoting the Chairman to the five-star rank and ceding to him operational and administrative control of all U.S. Armed Forces would enable him to provide a unifying vision...
  15. ↑ Owsley, Robert Clark (June 1997). "Goldwater-Nichols Almost Got It Right: A Fifth Star for the Chairman" (PDF). Naval War College: 14. ADA328220. Retrieved February 21, 2011. Lay summary. ...Chairman's title be changed to Commander of the Armed Forces and commensurate with the title and authority he be assigned the grade of five stars.
  16. ↑ http://www.dfas.mil/militarymembers/payentitlements/military-pay-charts.html
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