Ceylonese parliamentary election, 1956

3rd Ceylonese parliamentary election

5-10 April 1956
95 seats to the House of Representatives of Ceylon 48 seats were needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party   Leader S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike N. M. Perera John Kotelawala Party Mahajana Eksath Peramuna Lanka Sama Samaja Party United National Party Leader since 1956 1945 1953 Leader's seat Attanagalla Ruwanwella Dodangaslanda Last election 9 Seats, 15.52%[lower-alpha 1] 9 Seats, 13.11% 54 Seats, 44.08% Seats won 51 14 8 Seat change 42 5 46 Popular vote 1,046,277 274,204 738,810 Percentage 39.52% 10.36% 27.91%
Prime Minister before election John Kotelawala United National Party Prime Minister-designate S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike Mahajana Eksath Peramuna

General elections were held in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in 1956. They were a watershed in the country's political history, and was the first elections fought to challenge the ruling United National Party. The former Leader of the House, S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike who was passed over after the death of the first Prime Minister D.S. Senanayake, crossed over to the opposition to form the Sri Lanka Freedom Party to launch his bid for Prime Minister.

Background

The UNP government of John Kotelawala had been rapidly losing steam. It faced widespread criticism over Ceylon's poor economic performance. Meanwhile, the Sri Lanka Freedom Party now championed a popular socialist platform, calling for English to be replaced by Sinhala as the island's official language.

The UNP resisted this out of deference to Ceylon's Tamil minority, but changed its position in early 1956. This only served to cost the UNP its Tamil support while gaining it little among the Sinhalese.

The Lanka Sama Samaja Party and the Communist Party campaigned for parity of status between Sinhala and Tamil, with both to jointly replace English as the official language.

The Tamil parties campaigned to keep English as the official language.

SLFP leader S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike assembled a coalition with a group of small Marxist parties to form the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna.

Results

Bandaranaike's coalition obtained a solid majority government and he became prime minister.

Legacy

The SLFP campaign of 1956 was the first in Ceylon's history where communal feelings against the minority Tamil community were deliberately stirred up by Sinhalese politicians for electoral gain. The SLFP tried to blame the high unemployment Sinhalese youth faced, on the Tamils, and in effect promised not to correct injustices but to openly discriminate against Tamils via a policy of official unilingualism.

The hard feelings from this campaign contributed towards the eruption, nearly three decades later, of the path to civil war.

However, it also changed the character of politics in the country from the elitism that had characterised it hitherto. Members of Parliament from other parties than the Left were middle class, working class or farmers. Henceforth electorates were addressed in their mother tongue at election meetings (as the LSSP and CP had done from inception) instead of English.

Notes

References

• "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1956" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 February 2016. 
• "1956 General Election Results". LankaNewspapers.com. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. 
• "Table 33 Parliament Election (1956)". Sri Lanka Statistics. 10 February 2009. 
• Rajasingham, K. T. (24 November 2001). "Chapter 16: 'Honorable wounds of war'". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story. Asia Times. 

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