Central Kalimantan

Central Kalimantan
Kalimantan Tengah
Province

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Seal
Motto: Isen Mulang (Sangen)
(Never Retreat)

Location of Central Kalimantan in Indonesia.
Coordinates: 2°13′S 113°55′E / 2.217°S 113.917°E / -2.217; 113.917Coordinates: 2°13′S 113°55′E / 2.217°S 113.917°E / -2.217; 113.917
Country  Indonesia
Capital Palangkaraya
Government
 • Governor Sugianto Sabran
 • Vice Governor Said Ismail
Area
 • Total 153,564.5 km2 (59,291.6 sq mi)
Area rank 2nd
Population (2014)[1]
 • Total 2,368,654
 • Density 15/km2 (40/sq mi)
Demographics[2]
 • Ethnic groups

46.2% Dayak

21.67% Javanese

21.03% Banjarese

3.96% Malay

1.93% Madurese

1.29% Sundanese

0.77% Bugis

0.56% Batak

0.38% Flores

0.33% Balinese

1.44% Others[3]

 • Religion 74.3% Islam
15% Hindu
10.7% Protestant
3.1% Catholic
0.1% Buddhism
0.1% other
 • Languages Indonesian (official)
Malay
Bugis
Dayak
Chinese (Hakka and Teochew)
Time zone WIB (UTC+7)
Vehicle registration KH
HDI Steady 0.677 (Medium)
HDI rank 20th (2014)
Website www.kalteng.go.id

Central Kalimantan (Indonesian: Kalimantan Tengah), is a province of Indonesia. It is one of five provinces in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of Borneo. Its provincial capital is Palangkaraya and in 2010 its population was over 2.2 million,[1] while the latest official estimate (for January 2014) is 2,368,654.

The population growth rate was almost 3.0% per annum between 1990 and 2000, one of the highest provincial growth rates in Indonesia during that time; in the subsequent decade to 2010 the average annual growth rate slowed markedly to around 1.8%. More than is the case in other province in the region, Central Kalimantan is populated by the Dayaks, the indigenous inhabitants of Borneo.

History

Since the eighteenth century the central region of Kalimantan and its Dayak inhabitants were ruled by the Muslim Sultanate of Banjar. Following Indonesian independence after World War II, Dayak tribes demanded a province separate from South Kalimantan province.[4]

In 1957 South Kalimantan was divided to provide the Dayak population with greater autonomy from the Muslim population in the province. The change was approved by the Indonesian Government on 23 May 1957 under Presidential Law No. 10 Year 1957, which declared Central Kalimantan the seventeenth province of Indonesia. President Sukarno appointed the Dayak-born national hero Tjilik Riwut as the first Governor and Palangkaraya the provincial capital.[5]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1971 701,936—    
1980 954,353+36.0%
1990 1,396,486+46.3%
1995 1,627,453+16.5%
2000 1,801,965+10.7%
2010 2,212,089+22.8%
2014 2,368,654+7.1%
Source: Badan Pusat Statistik 2014

Geography

Central Kalimantan is the third largest Indonesian province by area with a size of 153,564.5 km2, about 1.5 times the size of the island of Java. It is bordered by West Kalimantan and East Kalimantan provinces to the north, by the Java Sea to the south, by South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan provinces to the east, and by West Kalimantan province to west.

The Schwaner Mountains stretch from the north-east of the province to the south-west, 80% of which is covered in dense forest, peatland swamps, mangroves, rivers, and traditional agriculture land. Highland areas in the north-east are remote and not easily accessible. Non-volcanic mounts are scattered in this area including Kengkabang, Samiajang, Liang Pahang and Ulu Gedang.

The centre of the province is covered with tropical forest, which produces rattan, resin and valuable timber such as Ulin and Meranti. The southern lowlands are dominated by peatland swamps that intersect with many rivers. Sabangau National Park is a protected peatland area internationally acknowledged as sanctuary for the endangered Orangutan. Recently the peat swamp forests have been damaged by the Mega Rice Project, which unsuccessfully sought to turn large areas into rice paddies.

The province's climate is wet weather equatorial zone with an eight-month rainy season, and 4 months of dry season. Rainfall or precipitation is 2,776 - 3,393 mm per year with an average of 145 rainy days annually.

Rivers

Central Kalimantan has numerous rivers from the catchment areas to the north in the Schwaner Mountains, flowing to the Java Sea. The major rivers include:

Rivers are an important mode of transportation and a primary location for settlement. With relatively undeveloped infrastructure, the province's economy relies heavily on the rivers.

Administrative divisions

Central Kalimantan is administratively divided into thirteen regencies (kabupaten) - each headed by a regent - and one city (kotamayda), the latter being Palangka Raya (the provincial capital). These are as follows:

Name Area in
Sq. km 		Population
2000 Census 		Population
2010 Census 		Population
Estimate
2014 		Capital HDI[6]
2014 estimate
Palangkaraya City 2,399.50 158,770 220,962 236,601 Palangkaraya 0.627 (Medium) 0.785 (High)
East Barito Regency
(Barito Timur) 		3,834.00 71,907 97,372 104,712 Tamiang Layang 0.691 (Medium)
East Kotawaringin Regency
(Kotawaringin Timur) 		16,796.00 308,765 374,175 400,658 Sampit 0.684 (Medium)
Gunung Mas Regency 10,805.00 74,823 96,900 103,855 Kuala Kurun 0.681 (Medium)
Kapuas Regency 14,999.00 325,243 329,646 352,977 Kuala Kapuas 0.652 (Medium)
Katingan Regency 17,500.00 121,047 146,439 156,804 Kasongan 0.657 (Medium)
Lamandau Regency 6,414.00 47,969 63,199 67,672 Nanga Bulik 0.675 (Medium)
Murung Raya Regency 23,700.00 74,050 96,857 103,712 Purukcahu 0.661 (Medium)
North Barito Regency
(Barito Utara) 		8,300.00 109,273 121,573 130,178 Muara Teweh 0.663 (Medium)
Pulang Pisau Regency 8,997.00 111,488 120,062 128,560 Pulang Pisau 0.650 (Medium)
Seruyan Regency 16,404.00 92,037 139,931 149,835 Kuala Pembuang 0.634 (Medium)
South Barito Regency
(Barito Selatan) 		8,830.00 108,560 124,128 132,913 Buntok 0.666 (Medium)
Sukamara Regency 3,827.00 29,561 44,952 48,134 Sukamara 0.644 (Medium)
West Kotawaringin Regency
(Kotawaringin Barat) 		10,759.00 168,472 235,803 252,492 Pangkalan Bun 0.701 (High)
Totals 153,564.50 1,801,965 2,212,089 2,368,654 Palangka Raya 0.677 (Medium)

In addition to the civil service, Central Kalimantan also recognises a traditional governing system led by traditional leaders known as Demang. The province is divided into 67 traditional law areas known as Kademangan, headed by Demang. The system is intended to culturally recognise and preserve the customs and heritage of the Dayak tribes.

Railroads

Russia will build railroads from Central Kalimantan to East Kalimantan for coal transportation with estimated cost of US$2.4 billion. [7]

Demographics

Religion

Religion in Central Kalimantan (2010 census)[8]
religion percent
Islam
  
 74.31%
Christianity
  
 18.6%
other, not stated or not asked
  
 6.46%
Hinduism
  
 0.50%
Buddhism
  
 0.10%
Confucianism
  
 0.02%

The population of Central Kalimantan is 74.31% Muslim, 18.6% Christian (16% Protestant and 2.6% Catholic), 0.50% Hindu, 0.10% Buddhist, and 6.26% other.[8]

Ethnic groups

The three major Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan are the Ngaju, Ot Danum and Dusun Ma'anyan Ot Siang. The three major tribes extended into several branches of prominent Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan such as Lawangan, Taboyan, Dusun Siang, Boyan, Bantian, Dohoi and Kadori.

In addition to the indigenous Dayak tribes, there are also ethnic groups from other areas of Indonesia, including Javanese, Madurese, Batak, Toraja, Ambonese, Bugis, Palembang, Minang, Banjarese, Makassar, Papuan, Balinese, Acehnese and also Chinese.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 (in Indonesian) Central Bureau of Statistics: Census 2010 Archived November 13, 2010, at the Wayback Machine., retrieved 17 January 2011.
  2. ↑ Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003.
  3. ↑ Aris Ananta; Evi Nurvidya Arifin; M. Sairi Hasbullah; Nur Budi Handayani; dan Agus Pramono (2015). Demography of Indonesia’s Ethnicity. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies dan BPS – Statistics Indonesia.
  4. ↑ Profile Central Kalimantan Province. Central Kalimantan Province Tourism and Culture Board. September 2001.
  5. ↑ Riwut, Nila; et al. (October 2003). Maneser Panatau Tatu Huang. Pusaka Lima. ISBN 979-97999-1-0.
  6. ↑ Indeks-Pembangunan-Manusia-2014
  7. ↑ Russian firm signs MoU to build $2.4 billion railway
  8. 1 2 "Population by Region and Religion in Indonesia". BPS. 2010.
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