Catalan regional election, 2012

25 November 2012

All 135 seats in the Parliament of Catalonia
68 seats needed for a majority

Opinion polls

Registered

5,413,868

0.9%

Turnout

3,668,310 (67.8%)

9.0 pp

	First party	Second party	Third party

Leader	Artur Mas	Oriol Junqueras	Pere Navarro
Party	CiU	ERC–CatSí	PSC–PSOE
Leader since	7 January 2002	17 September 2011	17 December 2011
Leader's seat	Barcelona	Barcelona	Barcelona
Last election	62 seats, 38.4%	10 seats, 7.0%	28 seats, 18.4%
Seats won	50	21	20
Seat change	12	11	8
Popular vote	1,116,259	498,124	524,707
Percentage	30.7%	13.7%	14.4%
Swing	7.7 pp	6.7 pp	4.0 pp

	Fourth party	Fifth party	Sixth party

Leader	Alicia Sánchez-Camacho	Joan Herrera	Albert Rivera
Party	PP	ICV–EUiA	C's
Leader since	6 July 2008	23 November 2008	9 July 2006
Leader's seat	Barcelona	Barcelona	Barcelona
Last election	18 seats, 12.4%	10 seats, 7.4%	3 seats, 3.4%
Seats won	19	13	9
Seat change	1	3	6
Popular vote	471,681	359,705	274,925
Percentage	13.0%	9.9%	7.6%
Swing	0.6 pp	2.5 pp	4.2 pp

Constituency results map for the Parliament of Catalonia

President before election

Artur Mas
CiU

Elected President

Artur Mas
CiU

The 2012 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 25 November 2012, to elect the 10th Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

This was a snap election, announced on 25 September by President Artur Mas.^[1] It was called following the pro-independence demonstration in Barcelona on 11 September (the National Day of Catalonia), as a result of the failed talks between President of Catalonia Artur Mas (Convergence and Union) and Prime Minister of Spain Mariano Rajoy (People's Party) to give greater fiscal autonomy to Catalonia.^[2]

Despite Artur Mas campaigning to win an absolute majority of seats, in the end his party, Convergence and Union (CiU), suffered a large electoral setback, largely unnoticed by opinion polls. The Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) also fared badly, obtaining the worst result in its history (a record which had already been broken in the 2010 election). While polling in third place, Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) was able to attract the growing pro-independence movement and recovered the 21 seats it had lost in the previous election, becoming the main parliamentary opposition party for the first time.

The People's Party of Catalonia (PPC) and Citizens (C's) benefitted from the electoral polarization between the pro-independence and anti-independence blocs, scoring their best results until then, with 19 and 9 seats, respectively. The Popular Unity Candidates (CUP) entered in the Parliament for the first time with 3 seats.

Overview

Electoral system

The Parliament of Catalonia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia, having legislative power in matters of regional competence as underlined by the Spanish Constitution and the Catalan Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to grant or revoke confidence from a President of the Generalitat.^[3]^[4] Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, with all nationals over eighteen, registered in Catalonia and in full enjoyment of all political rights entitled to vote. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Catalans abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).^[5]

The 135 members of the Parliament of Catalonia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of 3 per 100 of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold were not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Additionally, the use of the D'Hondt method might result in an effective threshold over three percent, dependant on the district magnitude.^[6] Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Barcelona, Girona, Lleida and Tarragona. Each constituency was allocated a fixed number of seats: 85 for Barcelona, 17 for Girona, 15 for Lleida and 18 for Tarragona.^[3]^[4]^[7]

The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, parties, federations or coalitions who had not obtained a mandate in the Parliament at the preceding election were required to secure at least the signature of 0.1 per 100 of the electors entered in electoral register of the constituency for which they were seeking election, whereas groupings of electors were required to secure the signature of 1 per 100 of electors. Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days from the election call.^[8]^[9]

Election date

Article 56 of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006 established that the term of the Parliament expired four years from the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. Article 56 also required for the President of the Generalitat to call an election fifteen days prior to the date of expiry of Parliament, with election day taking place within from forty to sixty days after the call. The previous election was held on 28 November 2010, which meant that the legislature's term would expire on 28 November 2014. The election was required to be called no later than 13 November 2014, with it taking place on the sixtieth day from the call, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament at Monday, 12 January 2015.

Article 75 of the Statute granted the President the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament at any given time and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since a previous one under this procedure. Additionally, under Article 67 the Parliament was to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process failed to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot.^[3]^[4]

Background

In the 2010 election, Convergence and Union (CiU) was returned to power after 7 years in opposition, as a result of the electoral collapse of all three parties comprising the "Catalan tripartite" government (Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC), Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) and Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV). Newly-elected President of Catalonia Artur Mas was able to govern comfortably thanks to his party's large parliamentary representation allowing for punctual support of several parties on different issues, in what was known as a policy of "variable geometry".^[10]^[11] In 2011, CiU signed several agreements with the People's Party of Catalonia (PPC) in order to pass the 2011 and 2012 budgets, as well as for the approval of several spending cuts. In spite of this, the relationship between both parties quickly deteriorated after the 2011 general election, as a result of Mas asking new Spanish PM Mariano Rajoy (of the People's Party) for greater fiscal autonomy for Catalonia.^[12]^[13]

On 11 September 2012, a massive pro-independence demonstration marked the Catalan political agenda and re-opened the debate about the right to hold a referendum on the independence of Catalonia,^[14]^[15]^[16] as well as the debate about the feasibility of an independent Catalan state and its integration into the European Union. On 25 September 2012, President of the Generalitat of Catalonia Artur Mas announced a snap regional election to be held on 25 November and argued, referring to the demonstration, that "this election will not be held to help a party [referring to CiU] to perpetuate itself in power. It will be held so that the whole of the Catalan population decides democratically and peacefully what will their future be as a nation."^[17] President Mas signed the decree to officially call the Catalan election on 1 October.^[18] Mas' move was criticized as an attempt to try to funnel the popular support for independence seen in the September demonstration into an absolute majority of seats in the election.^[19]

Opinion polls

Vote

Poll results are listed in the table below in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first, and using the date the survey's fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. If such date is unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the leading party's colour. In the instance that there is a tie, then no figure is shaded. The lead column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the two parties with the highest figures. When a specific poll does not show a data figure for a party, the party's cell corresponding to that poll is shown empty.

Date	Polling Firm/Source	CiU	PSC	PPC	ICV	ERC	C's	SI	CUP	Oth.	Lead
Date	Polling Firm/Source									Oth.	Lead
25 Nov 2012	Regional Election	30.7	14.4	13.0	9.9	13.7	7.6	1.3	3.5	5.9	16.3
25 Nov	Ipsos-Eco	34.0	12.6	12.0	9.0	14.2	5.9		4.7	7.6	19.8
Exit polls
18 Nov	NC-Report^{[lower-alpha 1]}	36.9	13.6	13.8	8.6	10.2	5.6		2.9	8.4	23.1
13–16 Nov	GESOP	38.0	12.0	11.6	9.8	12.8	6.0	2.5	2.8	4.5	25.2
13–16 Nov	Sigma-2	36.6	15.3	13.8	8.1	9.5	4.5	2.8		9.4	21.3
12–16 Nov	DYM^{[lower-alpha 1]}	38.4	12.9	13.7	8.1	12.2	4.3		4.7	5.7	24.7
12–16 Nov	Feedback	38.2	13.3	12.1	11.0	10.4	7.2	1.4	2.4	4.0	24.9
8–15 Nov	Metroscopia	37.3	12.3	13.2	7.9	12.2	5.7		3.0	8.4	24.1
9–14 Nov	My Word	36.8	10.6	10.9	9.2	11.4	6.5	2.9	2.6	9.1	25.4
6–9 Nov	Feedback	40.0	12.0	12.3	10.2	10.9	7.0	1.7		5.9	27.7
30 Oct–2 Nov	Feedback	39.7	13.1	12.7	10.7	10.1	5.4	2.1	1.9	4.3	26.6
29 Oct–1 Nov	GESOP^{[lower-alpha 2]}	39.5	13.0	12.0	9.0	11.0	5.5		2.5	7.5	26.5
22–30 Oct	CEO	43.4	12.0	12.5	8.0	9.5	5.1	2.0	2.8	4.7	30.9
9–29 Oct	CIS	36.8	12.9	11.0	8.1	11.1	6.0	2.1	1.6	10.4	23.9
25–26 Oct	GAPS	39.0	13.3	12.9	8.0	11.2	5.0	1.8	1.5	7.3	25.7
22–26 Oct	Feedback	40.9	13.4	11.4	10.1	10.6	5.6	1.8		6.2	27.5
18–22 Oct	GESOP	39.1	14.0	11.5	9.4	10.2	5.0	2.5	2.4	5.9	25.1
15–19 Oct	Feedback	40.7	15.0	12.2	9.6	9.7	4.2	2.2	1.1	5.3	25.7
8–11 Oct	Feedback	43.2	15.2	12.0	8.6	9.3	3.1	2.6		6.0	28.0
30 Sep–1 Oct	GESOP	41.0	14.5	9.9	7.7	11.3	5.0	4.5		6.1	28.0
29 Sep	NC-Report^{[lower-alpha 1]}	35.6	16.6	13.4	8.9	9.0	3.5			13.0	19.0
26–28 Sep	Sigma-2	39.2	16.9	12.8	8.5	8.2	3.3	3.0		8.1	22.3
21–27 Sep	Feedback	43.0	15.7	11.8	9.6	10.1	3.6	3.3		2.9	27.3
15 Sep	La Vanguardia	45.9	17.1	9.6	10.2	12.5	2.6			2.1	28.8
15 Sep	NC-Report^{[lower-alpha 1]}	36.8	15.4	13.2	8.7	9.5	3.7			12.7	21.4
23 Jul	GAPS	34.5	16.6	11.2	9.7	9.9	3.4	3.7		11.0	17.9
4–18 Jun	CEO	36.2	16.4	10.5	9.5	9.7	3.7	3.5		10.5	19.8
30 May–7 Jun	Feedback	37.9	17.7	11.8	9.9	9.3	3.2	3.3		6.9	20.2
7–9 May	GESOP	33.9	18.4	10.2	9.7	10.6	4.5	2.4		10.3	15.5
6–21 Feb	CEO	37.0	16.5	11.7	8.1	9.6	4.0	2.4		10.7	20.5
16–19 Jan	GESOP	35.2	16.9	10.5	8.6	9.0	3.8	2.3		13.7	18.3
2012
27–28 Dec	Feedback	38.5	16.9	12.2	10.0	9.8	2.1	1.5		9.0	21.6
20 Nov 2011	General Election	29.4	26.7	20.7	8.1	7.1	N/A	N/A	N/A	8.0	2.7
19–21 Jun	GESOP	36.7	17.5	13.0	8.3	6.5	3.0	2.9	2.5	9.6	19.2
2011
28 Nov 2010	Regional Election	38.4	18.4	12.4	7.4	7.0	3.4	3.3	N/A	9.7	20.0

Seat projections

Opinion polls showing seat projections are displayed in the table below. The highest seat figures in each polling survey have their background shaded in the leading party's colour. In the instance that there is a tie, then no figure is shaded. 68 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Catalonia.

68 seats needed for majority
Date	Polling Firm/Source	CiU	PSC	PPC	ICV	ERC	C's	SI	CUP	Others
Date	Polling Firm/Source									Others
25 Nov 2012	Regional Election	50	20	19	13	21	9	0	3	0
25 Nov	Ipsos-Eco	54−57	16−18	16−18	10−12	20−23	6−7	0	5−6	0
Exit polls
22 Nov	Sigma-2	57−59	21−22	21−22		16				18
18 Nov	NC-Report	60−62	20−21	19−20	12	15	6−7	0	0−2	0
18 Nov	SEGRE	60−64	16−19	18−21	11−13	12−16	8−11	0−3	0	0
14–16 Nov	Crònica.cat	63−64	18−19	16−17	12	14−15	5	5	0	0
13–16 Nov	GESOP	62−64	15−17	15−17	13−14	19−20	6−7	0−1	0−1	0
13–16 Nov	Sigma-2	60−63	21−23	20−21	10−12	14	5	0−2	0	0
12–16 Nov	DYM	60−62	17	18	9−10	18	6	0	4−7	0
12–16 Nov	Feedback	62−64	17−19	16−18	13−16	14−15	7−8	0	0−2	0
8–15 Nov	Metroscopia	62	18	19	10	18	6	0	2	0
9–14 Nov	My Word	62−65	16−17	16−17	12−13	16−17	8	0	2	0
6–9 Nov	Feedback	64−66	16−18	17−18	12−13	15−17	7−8	0	0	0
30 Oct–2 Nov	Feedback	64−65	18	17−19	14	14−15	6−7	0	0−2	0
29 Oct–2 Nov	Crònica.cat	66	17	18	12−13	14−15	3	4−5	0	0
29 Oct–1 Nov	GESOP	63−65	18−20	17−18	11−12	17−18	5−7	0	0−1	0
22–30 Oct	CEO	69−71	15	18−19	10	14	6	0	0−3	0
9–29 Oct	CIS	63−64	19	16−17	11	17	7	1	0	0
25–26 Oct	GAPS	64−66	19−21	19−20	9−12	16−18	5−6	0	0	0
22–26 Oct	Feedback	65−66	18	17	12−13	16	6	0	0	0
18–22 Oct	GESOP	64−65	20−21	15−16	13−14	15−16	5−6	0	0	0
15–19 Oct	Feedback	67	21	17	12	14	4	0	0	0
8–11 Oct	Feedback	68−69	20−21	17−18	10−11	13	3	0−2	0	0−2
30 Sep–1 Oct	GESOP	64−65	20−21	12−13	10	17−18	5	5−6	0	0
29 Sep	NC-Report	58−59	24−25	20	12	14	3	0	0	3
26–28 Sep	Sigma-2	64−65	24−25	18−20	11	12	3	0−2	0	0
21–27 Sep	Feedback	66−67	21	15−16	12	13	4	3	0	0
16 Sep	Tele 5	58−60	23−25	15−16	12−13	17−19	3−4	4−5	0	0
15 Sep	La Vanguardia	69−70	23	12−13	12	17	0−2	0	0	0
15 Sep	NC-Report	58−62	22−25	20	11	15	3−4	0	0	3
23 Jul	GAPS	55−57	26−28	16−17	11−13	15−16	0−3	0−4	0	0
4–18 Jun	CEO	60	24−25	15−16	12−13	15−16	3−4	0−4	0	0
14 Jun	CDC	52	30	15	14	17	3	4	0	0
30 May–7 Jun	Feedback	58−60	26−28	16	13	15	3	1−3	0	0
7–9 May	GESOP	56−57	28−29	13−14	13	17−18	5	4	0	0
6–21 Feb	CEO	62−63	25−26	18−19	10−11	14−15	3−4	0	0	0
16–19 Jan	GESOP	62−63	27−28	14−15	12−13	13−14	4	0	0	0
2012
27–28 Dec	Feedback	61−62	25	19	13−14	15	0−2	0	0	0
19–21 Jun	GESOP	62−63	27−28	19−20	11−12	8−9	3	0−2	0−2	0
2011
28 Nov 2010	Regional Election	62	28	18	10	10	3	4	N/A	0

Voting preferences

Vote intention

Polls shown below show the recording of raw responses for each party as a percentage of total responses before disregarding those who opted to abstain and prior to the adjusting for the likely votes of those who were undecided to obtain an estimate of vote share. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the leading party's colour. In the instance that there is a tie, then no figure is shaded.

Date	Polling Firm/Source	CiU	PSC	PPC	ICV	ERC	C's	SI	CUP	Oth.	No party	Und.
Date	Polling Firm/Source									Oth.	No party	Und.
25 Nov 2012	Regional Election	20.6	9.7	8.7	6.6	9.2	5.1	0.9	2.3	4.7	32.2	N/A
9–14 Nov	My Word	21.3	4.7	4.1	8.8	11.6	5.2	2.3	2.2	6.1	5.1	27.6
30 Oct–2 Nov	Feedback	29.5	8.4	5.2	9.5	11.2	4.7	1.9	2.2	8.5	8.3	10.6
22–30 Oct	CEO	28.3	5.0	1.8	5.0	8.9	1.2	1.0	1.6	2.7	4.2	40.3
9–29 Oct	CIS	27.0	10.0	5.7	6.4	9.0	3.5	1.2	0.9	6.9	10.9	18.5
18–22 Oct	GESOP	32.0	7.9	7.1	7.4	9.6	3.9	1.5	1.4	6.2	6.1	16.9
15–19 Oct	Feedback	32.7	8.9	4.6	8.4	10.3	3.2	1.9	1.1	7.5	7.6	13.8
30 Sep–1 Oct	GESOP	28.9	6.5	3.8	3.9	8.8	2.3	1.8		5.9	6.1	32.0
4–18 Jun	CEO	25.7	10.1	2.2	9.0	7.7	0.7	1.4		8.7	11.6	22.9
7–9 May	GESOP	24.3	13.8	3.8	6.8	10.4	1.9	0.5		10.0	9.4	19.1
6–21 Feb	CEO	30.4	11.0	3.3	8.1	8.0	1.1	1.1		7.6	8.8	20.6
16–19 Jan	GESOP	27.0	11.6	4.9	6.4	8.8	1.6	0.9		11.9	10.6	16.3
2012
19 Sep–27 Oct	ICPS	29.8	13.4	5.9	5.0	8.6	1.3	1.4	0.4	6.3	13.6	14.3
29 Sep–13 Oct	CEO	31.9	10.7	5.3	7.6	7.2	1.4	1.3		7.7	7.9	19.0
19–21 Jun	GESOP	28.0	11.3	5.8	6.5	5.1	1.4	2.0	1.4	10.9	11.8	15.8
2–17 Jun	CEO	32.1	12.9	4.6	7.5	4.4	1.4	1.7		11.6	8.4	15.4
17–27 Jan	CEO	34.5	11.5	4.1	7.2	5.7	1.4	1.8		9.8	7.7	16.3
2011
28 Nov 2010	Regional Election	22.4	10.7	7.2	4.3	4.1	2.0	1.9		6.2	41.2	N/A

Results

Overall

← Summary of the 25 November 2012 Parliament of Catalonia election results →
Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats

Parties and coalitions		Votes	%	±pp	Won	+/−
	Convergence and Union (CiU)	1,116,259	30.71	–7.72	50	–12
	Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)	524,707	14.43	–3.95	20	–8
	Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes (ERC–CatSí)	498,124	13.70	+6.70	21	+11
	People's Party (PP)	471,681	12.98	+0.61	19	+1
	Initiative for Catalonia Greens–United and Alternative Left (ICV–EUiA)	359,705	9.90	+2.53	13	+3
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)	275,007	7.57	+4.18	9	+6
	Popular Unity Candidacy–Left Alternative (CUP)	126,435	3.48	New	3	+3
	Platform for Catalonia (PxC)	60,107	1.65	–0.75	0	±0
	Catalan Solidarity for Independence (SI)	46,838	1.29	–2.00	0	–4

Parties with less than 1.0% of the vote		103,409	2.84	—	±0
	Blank Seats (EB)	28,288	0.78	+0.18	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	20,861	0.57	+0.12	±0
	Pirates of Catalonia (Pirata.cat)	18,219	0.50	+0.29	±0
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	14,614	0.40	+0.23	±0
	Hartos.org (Hartos.org)	11,702	0.32	New	±0
	Democratic Way (VD)	5,984	0.16	New	±0
	Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)	2,582	0.07	+0.04	±0
	Republican Left (IR)	826	0.02	–0.03	±0
	Socialists and Republicans (SyR)	333	0.01	New	±0

	Blank ballots	52,898	1.46	–1.47

Total		3,635,170	100.00		135	±0

Valid votes		3,635,170	99.10	–0.19
Invalid votes		33,140	0.90	+0.19
Votes cast / turnout		3,668,310	67.76	+8.98
Abstentions		1,745,558	32.24	–8.98
Registered voters		5,413,868

Source(s): Generalitat of Catalonia, historiaelectoral.com

Popular vote

CiU			30.71%
PSC–PSOE			14.43%
ERC–CatSí			13.70%
PP			12.98%
ICV–EUiA			9.90%
C's			7.57%
CUP			3.48%
PxC			1.65%
SI			1.29%
Others			2.84%
Blank ballots			1.46%

Seats

CiU			37.04%
ERC–CatSí			15.56%
PSC–PSOE			14.81%
PP			14.07%
ICV–EUiA			9.63%
C's			6.67%
CUP			2.22%

Distribution by constituency

Constituency	CiU		PSC		ERC		PP		ICV–EUiA		C's		CUP

	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S
Barcelona	28.1	26	15.4	14	12.7	12	13.3	12	11.1	10	8.4	8	3.4	3
Girona	43.0	9	10.1	2	17.8	3	9.6	2	5.9	1	3.6	−	4.2	−
Lleida	43.1	8	10.4	1	17.4	3	11.3	2	5.4	1	3.3	−	3.0	−
Tarragona	31.7	7	13.6	3	15.1	3	15.0	3	6.9	1	7.3	1	3.6	−
Total	30.7	50	14.4	20	13.7	21	13.0	19	9.9	13	7.6	9	3.5	3

Post-election

Investiture voting

21 December 2012 Investiture voting for Artur Mas (CiU) Absolute majority: 68/135
Vote	Parties	Votes
Y Yes	CiU (50), ERC (21)	71 / 135
No	PSC (20), PP (18), ICV (13), C's (9), CUP (3)	63 / 135
Abstentions		0 / 135
1 PPC deputy missed the voting.
Source: historiaelectoral.com

Notes

1 2 3 4 Poll results are shown projected over candidacy votes (that is, votes going for political parties, excluding blank ballots). The vote percentage in the official election is calculated including blank ballots into the estimation. In order to obtain data comparable to both the official results as well as those of other polls, a rule of three has been applied to the poll projections, with the results of the calculation being shown instead.
↑ This poll provides data ranges, approximations and/or various electoral scenario hypotheses calculated using similar weighting parameters. In order to simplify, the average of these data is given.

References

↑ "Mas: "I have decided to dissolve Parliament and call an election for 25 November"" (in Catalan). El Punt Avui. 2012-09-25. Retrieved 2012-09-25.
↑ Spain's Catalonia region to hold early elections on Nov 25, Reuters
1 2 3 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006, Organic Law No. 6 of July 19, 2006 Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved on 14 March 2017.
1 2 3 "Organic Act 6/2006 of the 19th July, on the Reform of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia" (PDF). parlament.cat. Parliament of Catalonia. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
↑ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
↑ "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. 30 July 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
↑ Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979, Organic Law No. 4 of December 18, 1979 Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved on 14 March 2017.
↑ General Electoral System Organic Law of 1985, Organic Law No. 5 of June 19, 1985 Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved on 28 December 2016.
↑ "Representation of the people Institutional Act". juntaelectoralcentral.es. Central Electoral Commission. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
↑ "PSC, PP and ERC criticize the variable geometry of a Mas defending "broad consensus"" (in Spanish). El Economista. 2011-07-06.
↑ "Sánchez-Camacho to Mas: 'The variable geometry will not always work'" (in Spanish). El Mundo. 2012-01-18.
↑ "Mas and Sánchez-Camacho sign the CiU-PP pact for the budget" (in Spanish). La Vanguardia. 2011-06-11.
↑ "CiU and PP ally again to maintain the sanitary cuts" (in Spanish). El País. 2011-10-20.
↑ "Catalan parties assess the independence demonstration" (in Spanish). La Vanguardia. 2012-09-12.
↑ "Independentism marks the political agenda in a critical autumn for the Spanish State" (in Spanish). Gara. 2012-09-23.
↑ "CiU, ICV-EUiA, ERC and SI negotiate a resolution for self-determination" (in Spanish). El Periódico de Catalunya. 2012-09-24.
↑ "Mas sets course for self-determination" (in Spanish). El País. 2012-09-24.
↑ "Mas: "Ningú no pot utilitzar les armes contra la voluntat d'un poble"". Nació Digital. 1 October 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
↑ "Catalan election: Mas asks for an absolute majority like the one of the Scottish SNP for a referendum" (in Spanish). La Vanguardia. 2012-11-19.

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Elections and referendums in Catalonia
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General elections	1977 1979 1982 1986 1989 1993 1996 2000 2004 2008 2011 2015 2016 next
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Referendums	1931 1979 2006 2014 2017

Regional elections in Spain in the 2010s
2010	November: Catalonia
2011	May: Aragon Asturias Balearic Islands Canary Islands Cantabria Castile and León Castile-La Mancha Ceuta Extremadura La Rioja Madrid Melilla Murcia Navarre Valencian Community
2012	March: Andalusia Asturias October: Basque Country Galicia November: Catalonia
2015	March: Andalusia May: Aragon Asturias Balearic Islands Canary Islands Cantabria Castile and León Castile-La Mancha Ceuta Extremadura La Rioja Madrid Melilla Murcia Navarre Valencian Community September: Catalonia
2016	September: Basque Country Galicia

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