Catalina Island Conservancy

The Catalina Island Conservancy is a nonprofit organization established to protect and restore Santa Catalina Island, California. The Conservancy was established in 1972 through the efforts of the Wrigley and Offield families. The Conservancy was created when both families deeded 42,135 acres (170.51 km2) of the island over to the organization—88% of the Island.

Founded in 1972, the Conservancy is one of the oldest private land trusts in Southern California.[1] The stated goal of the Conservancy is to "be a responsible steward of our lands through a balance of conservation, education and recreation."[1]

Conservation

Established to protect and restore Catalina, the Conservancy seeks a balance between conservation and serving the public. Catalina’s native plant community is central to the ecosystem of the Island, providing habitats that offer shelter and food to the Island’s endemic and native animals like the Catalina Island fox, Catalina quail, and bald eagles among many other species. But years of importing non-native plants to feed grazing animals and landscape homes has introduced to Catalina to more than 76 highly invasive plants.

Invasive plants

Due to so many efforts in the past to capitalize on the island, many invasive flora and fauna were introduced. The Conservancy removes invasive plants to protect and restore the Island. The Conservancy’s Catalina Habitat Improvement and Restoration Program (CHIRP) is designed to ensure long-term conservation of species richness and habitat integrity in one of the world’s biodiversity hot spots. Three species of highly invasive plants have been nearly eradicated from the Island: tamarisk, pampas grass and fig. CHIRP has targeted 27 other species for eradication and another 36 to be managed to limit their presence on the Island.[2]

By eliminating and managing invasive plant species, the CHIRP program has encouraged native species to grow and flourish.[3] It contributed to the discovery of new species and the rediscovery of species following years of fear that they were extinct. Among those rediscovered are Catalina grass and the Lyon’s pygmy daisy, which had previously not been seen for 80 years. The James P. Ackerman Native Plant Nursery at Middle Ranch provides plant and seed material for re-vegetation of the Island.

The Conservancy also operates the Stop the Spread program, a partnership between the Conservancy’s naturalists, CHIRP staff and the many youth camps on the Island.[4] The program is focused on invasive plant control in and around each camp. It is an opportunity for campers to learn about the value of native species, the problems posed by invasive species and how to help eradicate invasive species. The campers also learn how to restore and improve native environments. Stop the Spread has given nearly 15,000 campers tens of thousands of hours of education from 2009-2013. Campers manage about 450 acres for 75 different invasive species, logging more than 7,000 hours of invasive plant removal a year.

Animals

The Catalina Island fox is found on Catalina Island and nowhere else in the world. An adult fox weighs just 4 to 6 pounds and is about 25% smaller than its mainland ancestor, the gray fox. Its diet includes mice, lizards, birds, berries, insects, and cactus fruit. It is Catalina's largest terrestrial predator.[5]

In late 1999, an outbreak of distemper virus caused the fox population to plummet from about 1,300 to just 100 animals. In 2000, the Catalina Island Conservancy and its partner, the Institute for Wildlife Studies, implemented the Catalina Island Fox Recovery Plan. The plan combined relocation, vaccinations, captive breeding and release, and wild fox population monitoring. [6]

Due to this outbreak The US Fish and Wildlife Service declared the Catalina Island fox an endangered sub-species in 2004. After 15 years of work by wildlife biologists, the Conservancy announced that the Catalina Island adult fox population had rebounded to pre-crash numbers.[7] The Conservancy's biologists counted 1,850 foxes on the Island, 350 more than the year before, in one of the fastest recoveries ever of an endangered species.[8]

The Conservancy is also actively managing a herd of bison on the Island with a novel contraceptive program that is attracting the attention of wild animal managers on the mainland.[9] The bison were first brought to the Island in 1924 for a movie.[10] Over the years, they became an iconic symbol of the Island’s culture. But with no natural predators, the herd grew to as many as 500. The Conservancy had previously conducted studies that found the Island could support only about 150 to 200 bison. To control the herd’s size, the Conservancy had been periodically conducting roundups and shipping bison to the mainland.

Shipping the bison to the mainland was costly, and it raised concerns about the stress on the animals during shipment and the expansion of the herd beyond ecologically sustainable numbers between shipments. Beginning in 2009, the Conservancy’s scientists injected the female bison with porcine zona pellucida (PZP), a contraceptive that had been used for fertility control in zoos, wild horses and white tail deer.[11] In addition to substantially reducing the number of new calves, the PZP had no apparent effect on pregnant females or their offspring. A peer-reviewed study published in 2013 reported that the contraceptive program was effective in controlling the herd.[12] Previously, more than two-thirds of the cows delivered calves every year. After receiving the contraceptive, the calving rate dropped to 10.4% in the first year and 3.3% the following year.

The Conservancy’s scientists, and their collaborators at California State University, Fullerton, continue to study PZP to determine if the female bison can regain their fertility after a period of time without the contraceptive. They are also evaluating the timing of ovulation in response to PZP application.

The Conservancy also has worked with the Institute for Wildlife Studies in a successful program that brought bald eagles back to Catalina and the other Channel Islands after DDT contamination decimated their numbers.

Education

Each year, more than 100,000 children and adults learn about the uniqueness of Catalina’s Mediterranean ecosystem and what they can do to improve the planet through the Conservancy’s educational programs and a wide variety of youth camps the Conservancy hosts on its lands. The Conservancy provides hands-on conservation experiences through its youth and volunteer programs. It is also helping to train the next generation of conservation biologists and land stewards. Among the educational programs it offers are:

The Nature Centers at the Airport in the Sky and Avalon Canyon showcase the Island’s natural history and the Conservancy’s restoration accomplishments. The Conservancy operates the airport as well, which is located about 10 miles from Avalon. It also operates the Explore Store in its headquarters at Conservancy House, 125 Clarissa Ave., Avalon.

The nature centers' exhibits focus on the Island's natural history, including its animals, plants, geology and marine life, and the conservation efforts led by the Conservancy. The Wrigley Memorial & Botanic Garden offers visitors a living exhibition of the plant life on the island. The Conservancy cares for such endemics as the Catalina liveforever, Catalina manzanita and Catalina Island bedstraw at its Ackerman Native Plant Nursery at Middle Ranch in the island's center.

The Conservancy’s Isla Earth Radio Series reaches more than 9 million weekly listeners, informing them about the issues most critical to the health and well-being of this island we call Earth. The Conservancy offers several other publications and productions for the public, including the biannual Conservancy Times magazine; monthly Conservancy News e-newsletter; monthly Island Naturalist e-newsletter for Naturalist Training Program trainees; Annual Report, and monthly eDigest for listeners of Isla Earth and other interested parties.

Recreation

The Catalina Island Conservancy offers 50 miles of biking trails and nearly 150 miles of hiking opportunities within its road and trails system,.[13] including the 37.2 Trans-Catalina Trail, which begins near Avalon and ends at Starlight Beach on the far West End.[14] Other recreational offerings include:

The Conservancy operates such major annual events as the Conservancy Ball and Catalina: The Wild Side Art Show & Sale.

The Catalina Island Conservancy operates out of offices in Avalon and Middle Ranch on the island and in Long Beach, CA on the mainland. It has a staff of 75 and is aided by a donor base and a volunteer force that contributes 25,000 man-hours per year. The business model provides that 100% of all donations to the Catalina Island Conservancy go to programs.

References

  1. 1 2 "About the Conservancy". Catalina Island Conservancy. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  2. ↑ Summers, Tony. “What It Takes to Eradicate a Species … or Thirty.” Conservancy Times, Spring/Summer 2013, pp.1, 3, 21-22.
  3. ↑ "Invasive Plant Removal". Catalina Island Conservancy. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
  4. ↑ Rhein, Bob. "‘Stop The Spread’ Success on West End". Catalina Island Conservancy. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
  5. ↑ http://www.catalinaconservancy.org/index.php?s=support&p=foxes
  6. ↑ Hein, Frank J. (2013). Wild Catalina Island: Natural Secrets and Ecology. Charleston, SC: The History Press. p. 106.
  7. ↑ Maxwell, Patricia (March 4, 2014). "Catalina Island Conservancy’s Fox Recovery Program Enjoys Continued Success" (PDF) (Press release). Catalina Island Conservancy. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  8. ↑ Brennan, Deborah Sullivan (March 4, 2014). "Endangered Catalina fox now at record high". U-T San Diego. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  9. ↑ Maxwell, Patricia (December 18, 2013). "Study Finds Catalina Island Conservancy Contraception Program Effectively Manages Bison Population" (PDF) (Press release). Catalina Island Conservancy. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  10. ↑ Siegler, Kirk (August 13, 2013). "Of Bison, Birth Control And An Island Off Southern Calif.". NPR. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  11. ↑ McBride, Sarah (November 23, 2009). "A Discouraging Word Isn't Enough to Control Catalina's Fertile Buffalo". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
  12. ↑ "Catalina Island’s Bison Benefit From Birth Control". CBS Los Angeles. December 22, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
  13. ↑ http://www.catalinaconservancy.org/userfiles/files/Summer%20Naturalists%20PR%20FINAL.pdf
  14. ↑ Backus, Gerald J. (2011). Natural History of Santa Catalina Island. Denver: Outskirts Press. p. 8.
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