Catalan regional election, 1992
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All 135 seats in the Parliament of Catalonia 68 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinion polls | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Registered |
4,839,071  6.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout |
2,655,051 (54.9%) 4.5 pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Constituency results map for the Parliament of Catalonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1992 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 15 March 1992, to elect the 4th Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election.
Overview
Electoral system
The Parliament of Catalonia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia, having legislative power in matters of regional competence as underlined by the Spanish Constitution and the Catalan Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to grant or revoke confidence from a President of the Generalitat.[2] Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, with all nationals over eighteen, registered in Catalonia and in full enjoyment of all political rights entitled to vote.
The 135 members of the Parliament of Catalonia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of 3 per 100 of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold were not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Additionally, the use of the D'Hondt method might result in an effective threshold over three percent, dependant on the district magnitude.[3] Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Barcelona, Girona, Lleida and Tarragona. Each constituency was allocated a fixed number of seats: 85 for Barcelona, 17 for Girona, 15 for Lleida and 18 for Tarragona.[2][4]
The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, groupings of electors were required to secure at least the signature of 1 per 100 of the electors entered in electoral register of the constituency for which they were seeking election. Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days from the election call.[5][6]
Election date
Article 31 of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979 established that the term of the Parliament expired four years from the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. Article 47 of the Parliament, President and Executive Council of the Generalitat Law of 1982 required for the President of the Generalitat to call an election fifteen days prior to the date of expiry of Parliament, with election day taking place within sixty days after the call. The previous election was held on 29 May 1988, which meant that the legislature's term would expire on 29 May 1992. The election was required to be called no later than 5 May 1992, with it taking place on the sixtieth day from the call, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament at Monday, 13 July 1992.[2]
Article 46 of the Law granted the President the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament at any given time and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since a previous one under this procedure. Additionally, under Article 54 the Parliament was to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process failed to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot.[4][7]
Parties and leaders
| Parties and coalitions | Composition | Ideology | Candidate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convergence and Union (CiU) | Centrism | Jordi Pujol | ||
| Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | Social democracy | Raimon Obiols | ||
| Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | Left-wing nationalism | Àngel Colom | ||
| Initiative for Catalonia (IC) | Eco-socialism | Rafael Ribó | ||
| People's Party (PP) | Liberal conservatism | Alejo Vidal-Quadras | ||
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | Social liberalism | Teresa Sandoval | ||
Opinion polls
Individual poll results are listed in the table below in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first, and using the date the survey's fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. If that date is unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. In the instance of a tie, the figures with the highest percentages are shaded. in the case of seat projections, they are displayed in bold and in a different font. The lead column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the two parties with the highest figures. 68 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Catalonia.
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Turnout |  |
 |
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Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 regional election | 15 Mar 1992 | N/A | 54.9 | 46.2 70 |
27.5 40 |
6.5 7 |
6.0 7 |
8.0 11 |
0.9 0 |
18.7 |
| Sigma Dos/Diari de Barcelona[p 1] | 8 Mar 1992 | 2,400 | ? | 46.1 70 |
29.0 42 |
8.0 9 |
6.4 8 |
5.2 6 |
1.6 0 |
17.1 |
| RGR/Avui[p 1] | 8 Mar 1992 | 1,000 | ? | 47.5 71/73 |
27.6 39/41 |
8.3 9/10 |
5.1 5/6 |
5.3 7 |
1.8 0 |
19.9 |
| Gabise/El Observador[p 1] | 8 Mar 1992 | 800 | ? | 46.6 68/71 |
30.8 41/43 |
6.7 6/7 |
6.1 7 |
5.6 7/8 |
2.0 0 |
15.8 |
| Marketing Comunicación/ERC[p 2] | 8 Mar 1992 | 4,780 | 55 | ? 76/78 |
? 36/38 |
? 5 |
? 4/5 |
? 12 |
? 0 |
? |
| OTR–IS/El Periódico[p 3] | 3–5 Mar 1992 | 2,000 | 57 | 46.4 69/72 |
29.2 40/43 |
7.7 8/9 |
6.3 7 |
5.6 7 |
? 0 |
17.2 |
| Opina/La Vanguardia[p 4][p 1] | 2–4 Mar 1992 | 2,004 | ? | 47.9 69/72 |
28.2 40/42 |
7.0 8 |
5.6 5/7 |
6.5 8/9 |
1.5 0 |
19.7 |
| Demoscopia/El País[p 5][p 1] | 29 Feb–4 Mar 1992 | 1,600 | 58 | 46.5 71/72 |
27.6 39/40 |
7.1 7/8 |
6.3 8 |
6.2 8 |
1.1 0 |
18.9 |
| Opina/La Vanguardia[p 6] | 17–19 Feb 1992 | 2,000 | 60–65 | 47.5 69/72 |
28.5 41/42 |
8.5 9/10 |
5.0 6/7 |
5.0 7 |
1.0 0 |
19.0 |
| Demoscopia/El País[p 7] | 8–14 Feb 1992 | ? | 58 | 46.4 68/71 |
30.1 40/44 |
6.9 6/9 |
6.2 8 |
6.0 7/8 |
1.6 0 |
16.3 |
| OTR–IS/El Periódico[p 8][p 1] | 8–11 Feb 1992 | 2,000 | ? | 46.6 70/72 |
27.9 39/42 |
8.2 8/9 |
6.5 7/8 |
5.6 7 |
1.8 0 |
18.7 |
| Producciones 5/Avui[p 1] | 19 Jan 1992 | 2,900 | ? | 46.8 67/70 |
28.8 42/43 |
7.5 8/10 |
6.0 7 |
5.1 6 |
2.6 0/3 |
18.0 |
| Central de Campo/PSC[p 9] | 3 Jan 1992 | ? | ? | 40.0 | 32.0 | – | – | – | – | 8.0 |
| 1991 local elections | 26 May 1991 | N/A | 57.8 | 33.4 | 37.1 | 9.6 | 6.7 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 3.7 |
| 1989 general election | 29 Oct 1989 | N/A | 67.6 | 32.7 54 |
35.6 53 |
7.3 8 |
10.6 16 |
2.7 0 |
4.3 4 |
2.9 |
| 1989 EP election | 15 Jun 1989 | N/A | 51.5 | 27.5 48 |
36.4 60 |
5.5 7 |
8.6 13 |
3.3 4 |
3.7 3 |
8.9 |
| 1988 regional election | 29 May 1988 | N/A | 59.4 | 45.7 69 |
29.8 42 |
7.8 9 |
5.3 6 |
4.1 6 |
3.8 3 |
15.9 |
Results
Overall
 | ||||||
| Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Won | +/− | ||
| Convergence and Union (CiU) | 1,221,233 | 46.19 | +0.47 | 70 | +1 | |
| Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | 728,311 | 27.55 | –2.23 | 40 | –2 | |
| Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | 210,366 | 7.96 | +3.82 | 11 | +5 | |
| Initiative for Catalonia (IC) | 171,794 | 6.50 | –1.26 | 7 | –2 | |
| People's Party (PP)1 | 157,772 | 5.97 | +0.66 | 7 | +1 | |
| Parties with less than 1.0% of the vote | 123,342 | 4.67 | — | 0 | –3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 24,033 | 0.91 | –2.92 | 0 | –3 | |
| Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) | 22,181 | 0.84 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| The Greens–Green Union (EV–UV) | 14,041 | 0.53 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Ruiz-Mateos Group (ARM) | 13,067 | 0.49 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Green Alternative–Ecologist Movement of Catalonia (AV–MEC) | 10,323 | 0.39 | –0.22 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Workers' Socialist Party (PST) | 10,270 | 0.39 | +0.18 | 0 | ±0 | |
| The Ecologists (LVE) | 9,879 | 0.37 | +0.05 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Ecologist Party of Catalonia–VERDE (PEC–VERDE) | 7,786 | 0.29 | +0.07 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Free Catalonia (CLL) | 5,241 | 0.20 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE) | 2,258 | 0.09 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Independent Socialists (SI)2 | 2,080 | 0.08 | +0.04 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Humanist Party (PH) | 1,752 | 0.07 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Lleida Republican Youth (JRLL) | 431 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 31,092 | 1.18 | +0.55 | ||||||
| Total | 2,643,910 | 100.00 | 135 | ±0 | |||||
| Valid votes | 2,643,910 | 99.58 | +0.09 | ||||||
| Invalid votes | 11,141 | 0.42 | –0.09 | ||||||
| Votes cast / turnout | 2,655,051 | 54.87 | –4.50 | ||||||
| Abstentions | 2,184,020 | 45.13 | +4.50 | ||||||
| Registered voters | 4,839,071 | ||||||||
| Source(s): Generalitat of Catalonia, historiaelectoral.com | |||||||||
| |||||||||
Distribution by constituency
| Constituency | CiU | PSC | ERC | IC | PP | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | |
| Barcelona | 44.6 | 41 | 28.9 | 27 | 7.2 | 6 | 7.4 | 6 | 5.9 | 5 |
| Girona | 54.3 | 11 | 21.8 | 4 | 11.6 | 2 | 3.4 | − | 4.0 | − |
| Lleida | 53.6 | 9 | 21.8 | 4 | 9.8 | 1 | 2.9 | − | 6.9 | 1 |
| Tarragona | 45.8 | 9 | 26.5 | 5 | 9.2 | 2 | 4.7 | 1 | 7.7 | 1 |
| Total | 46.2 | 70 | 27.5 | 40 | 8.0 | 11 | 6.5 | 7 | 6.0 | 7 |
Post-election
Investiture voting
| Investiture voting for Jordi Pujol (CiU) Absolute majority: 68/135 | ||
| Vote | Parties | Votes |
 Yes | CiU (70) | 70 / 135 |
| No | PSC (40), ERC (11), IC (7) | 58 / 135 |
| Abstentions | PPC (7) | 7 / 135 |
| Source: historiaelectoral.com | ||
Opinion poll sources
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Sondejos". Departament de Governació, Administracions Públiques i Habitatge (in Catalan). Retrieved 5 July 2017.
- ↑ "Colom explica que doblará diputados y CiU puede tener 78, según su sondeo". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 8 March 1992.
- ↑ "La campaña no logra modificar la mayoría absoluta de Pujol". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 9 March 1992.
- ↑ "Pujol mantiene la mayoría absoluta, con una ligera tendencia al alza del voto nacionalista". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 8 March 1992.
- ↑ "Convergència i Unió incrementa su mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 8 March 1992.
- ↑ "Sólo un aumento de la abstención puede arrebatar la mayoría absoluta a Pujol". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 23 February 1992.
- ↑ "Pujol conservará la mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 23 February 1992.
- ↑ "Pujol mantendrá la mayoría absoluta en las elecciones del 15 de marzo". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 16 February 1992.
- ↑ "Encuestas socialistas "quitan" a Pujol la mayoría absoluta". ABC (in Spanish). 3 January 1992.
References
- ↑ "Independentistas radicales se hacen con el control de Esquerra Republicana". El País. 21 November 1989. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
- 1 2 3 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979, Organic Law No. 4 of December 18, 1979 Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved on 14 March 2017.
- ↑ "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. 30 July 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
- 1 2 Parliament, President and Executive Council of the Generalitat Law of 1982, Law No. 3 of March 25, 1982 Official Journal of the Generalitat of Catalonia (in Spanish). Retrieved on 14 March 2017.
- ↑ General Electoral System Organic Law of 1985, Organic Law No. 5 of June 19, 1985 Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved on 28 December 2016.
- ↑ "Representation of the people Institutional Act". juntaelectoralcentral.es. Central Electoral Commission. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
- ↑ Parliament, President and Executive Council of the Generalitat Law Reform of 1985, Law No. 8 of May 24, 1985 Official Journal of the Generalitat of Catalonia (in Spanish). Retrieved on 14 March 2017.